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Adams M, Issaka E, Chen C. Anammox-based technologies: A review of recent advances, mechanism, and bottlenecks. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:151-173. [PMID: 39095154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The removal of nitrogen via the ANAMMOX process is a promising green wastewater treatment technology, with numerous benefits. The incessant studies on the ANAMMOX process over the years due to its long start-up and high operational cost has positively influenced its technological advancement, even though at a rather slow pace. At the moment, relatively new ANAMMOX technologies are being developed with the goal of treating low carbon wastewater at low temperatures, tackling nitrite and nitrate accumulation and methane utilization from digestates while also recovering resources (phosphorus) in a sustainable manner. This review compares and contrasts the handful of ANAMMOX -based processes developed thus far with plausible solutions for addressing their respective bottlenecks hindering full-scale implementation. Ultimately, future prospects for advancing understanding of mechanisms and engineering application of ANAMMOX process are posited. As a whole, technological advances in process design and patents have greatly contributed to better understanding of the ANAMMOX process, which has greatly aided in the optimization and industrialization of the ANAMMOX process. This review is intended to provide researchers with an overview of the present state of research and technological development of the ANAMMOX process, thus serving as a guide for realizing energy autarkic future practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabruk Adams
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 2155009, China; Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Eliasu Issaka
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Chongjun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 2155009, China.
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2
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Li SW, Xu W, Xie YJ, Fu L, Gao Q, Wang XC, Li Y, Wu ZR. Implementing a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process using a novel umbrella basalt fiber carrier. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 90:270-286. [PMID: 39007319 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is significantly hindered by prolonged start-up periods and unstable nitrogen removal efficiency. In this study, a novel umbrella basalt fiber (BF) carrier with good biological affinity and adsorption performance was used to initiate the CANON process. The CANON process was initiated on day 64 in a sequencing batch reactor equipped with umbrella BF carriers. During this period, the influent NH4+-N concentration gradually increased from 100 to 200 mg·L-1, and the dissolved oxygen was controlled below 0.8 mg L-1. Consequently, an average ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency (ARE) and total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) of ∼90 and 80% were achieved, respectively. After 130 days, ARE and TNRE remained stable at 92 and 81.1%, respectively. This indicates a reliable method for achieving rapid start-up and stable operation of the CANON process. Moreover, Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia were identified as dominant anammox genera on the carrier. Nitrosomonas was the predominant genus among ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Spatial differences were observed in the microbial population of umbrella BF carriers. This arrangement facilitated autotrophic nitrogen removal in a single reactor. This study indicates that the novel umbrella BF carrier is a highly suitable biocarrier for the CANON process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Wei Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yu-Jie Xie
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liang Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Qi Gao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Wu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China E-mail:
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Wang F, Xu S, Liu L, Wang S, Ji M. One-stage partial nitrification and anammox process in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor: Start-up, nitrogen removal performance and bacterial community dynamics in response to temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145529. [PMID: 33581528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A one-stage partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) process was started up and operated under varying temperatures in a lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor. The start‑up phase took 110 days with an intermittent aeration strategy, and the removal efficiencies of ammonia‑nitrogen and total nitrogen were found to be 92.22% and 76.07%, respectively. The total nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) increased by 9.49% when temperature decreased from 30 °C to 25 °C, but declined by 83.84% from 25 °C to 20 °C. The PN process was inhibited and subsequently limited the nitrogen removal performance at 20 °C. When temperature returned to 28 °C, the NRE recovered to 67.27%, but it was still lower than the value before the decrease in temperature (79.40%). Microbial community analysis showed that the predominant ammonia oxidation bacteria and anammox bacteria were Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia, respectively. Nitrosomonas grew, while the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia increased as temperature decreased and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Sihan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Yang X, Jia Z, Fu J, Li Q, Chen R. Achieving single-stage partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) using a submerged dynamic membrane sequencing batch reactor (DM-SBR). WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:762-773. [PMID: 33091210 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-stage partial nitration and anammox (PN/A) process was achieved in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using a submerged dynamic membrane (DM) in this study. The reactor was stably operated for 200 days, and the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was sustained at 70.3 ± 7.2% at a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 kgNm-3 day-1 with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hr. When the NLR was 0.2 kgN m-3 day-1 , the NRE achieved was high as 80% with a low concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.13 mg/L. In addition, the specific activity of anammox bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) reached was 2.72 and 16.80 gN gVSS-1 day-1 , respectively. The DM intercepted the biomass due to the lamellar, intact, dense biofilm self-generated on the surface of the supporting material, which had an effluent turbidity of 10 NTU. The enriched anammox functional bacteria were Candidatus Jettenia (11.06%) and the AOB-like functional bacteria consisted primarily of Nitrosomonas, with a relative abundance of 2.76%, which ensured the PN/A process proceeding. This study provides a novel reactor configuration of the single-stage PN/A process in the view of practical applications. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Single-stage partial nitration and anammox (PN/A) process was achieved using a submerged dynamic membrane (DM) in this study. The reactor was stably operated for 200 days, and the nitrogen removal efficiency was sustained at 70.3 ± 7.2%. The feasibility of the PN/A system with DM is evaluated. The main objective is to provide a control strategy of the DM-SBRs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Yang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ziwen Jia
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingwei Fu
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Performances of simultaneous enhanced removal of nitrogen and phosphorus via biological aerated filter with biochar as fillers under low dissolved oxygen for digested swine wastewater treatment. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1741-1753. [PMID: 33792778 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the feasibility of biochar as a carrier to improve the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in biological aerated filters (BAFs) for treating low C/N digested swine wastewater (DSW). Two similar BAFs (BAF-A with hydrophobic polypropylene resin as fillers and BAF-B with bamboo biochar as carrier) were developed for DSW treatment. Results showed that the NH4+-N, TN, and TP removal performances in BAF-B were higher than those in BAF-A. Carrier type had an obvious influence on the structures and diversity of the microbial population. The biochar carrier in BAF-B was conducive to the enrichment of the functional microorganisms and the increase of microbial diversity under high NH4+-N conditions. Microbial analysis showed that the genera Rhodanobacter (10.64%), JGI_0001001-h003 (14.24%), RBG-13-54-9 (8.87%), Chujaibacter (11.27%), and Ottowia were the predominant populations involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the later stage of phase III in BAF-B. BAF with biochar as carrier was highly promising for TN and TP removal in low C/N and high NH4+-N DSW treatment.
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Responses of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Performance and Microbial Community to Fe 3O 4@SiO 2 Nanoparticles in a Sequencing Batch Reactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:544-559. [PMID: 33037594 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The responses of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal performance and microbial community to 0-1.2 g/L Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in sequencing batch reactors were investigated. Results showed that an appropriate dose of Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs (0.3 g/L) could promote the removal efficiency of TN and TP. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that microbial richness increased, whereas microbial diversity did not vary upon exposure to 0.1-1.2 g/L Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs. The relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria increased from 11.75%, 3.52%, and 6.77%, respectively, at 0 g/L Fe3O4@SiO2 to 27.05%, 7.21%, and 14.77%, respectively, upon exposure to 0.3 g/L Fe3O4@SiO2. At the genus level, 0.3 g/L Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs enriched norank_f_Nitrosomonadaceae, norank_f_Xanthomonadaceae, Amaricoccus, and Shinella. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results suggested that the gene copy number of ammonium-oxidizing, nitrite-oxidizing, and denitrifying bacteria population remarkably increased, whereas the number of phosphorus-accumulating organisms slightly increased under long-term exposure to 0.3 g/L Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs. Energy-dispersive spectrum analysis showed that the phosphorus content was higher at 0.3 g/L Fe3O4@SiO2 than at 0 g/L Fe3O4@SiO2. Nitrogen removal primarily occurred through a biological mechanism, while most phosphorus in wastewater may be removed by the combination of physicochemical and biological methods.
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Yue X, Yu G, Liu Z, Tang J, Liu J. Fast start-up of the CANON process with a SABF and the effects of pH and temperature on nitrogen removal and microbial activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:157-165. [PMID: 29413917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The long start-up time of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is one of the main disadvantages of this system. In this paper, the CANON process with a submerged aerated biological filter (SABF) was rapidly started up within 26 days. It gave an average ammonium nitrogen removal rate (ANR) and a total nitrogen removal rate (TNR) of 94.2% and 81.3%, respectively. The phyla Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were confirmed as the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB). The genus Candidatus Brocadia was the major contributor of nitrogen removal. pH and temperature affect the performance of the CANON process. This experimental results showed that the optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and 30 °C, respectively, which gave the highest average ANR and TNR values of 94.6% and 85.1%, respectively. This research could promote the nitrogen removal ability of CANON process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yue
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Guangping Yu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhuhan Liu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jiali Tang
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
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8
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Muñoz-Palazon B, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Gonzalez-Lopez J. New concepts in anammox processes for wastewater nitrogen removal: recent advances and future prospects. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4847881. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
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9
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Li X, Yuan Y, Yuan Y, Bi Z, Liu X, Huang Y, Liu H, Chen C, Xu S. Effects of salinity on the denitrification efficiency and community structure of a combined partial nitritation- anaerobic ammonium oxidation process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:550-556. [PMID: 29080519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salinity changes on nitrogen transformation efficiency and recoverability were studied by using a partial nitration (PN)- anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) integrated reactor. The changes of microbial community structure and population abundance during the increase and decrease of salinity were also analyzed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that when the salinity was increased to 1.35%, the combined PN-Anammox process achieved the maximum stimulated and total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) arrived at 1.1kg/(m3·d). When the salinity was higher than 1.35%, the activities of AOB and Anammox bacteria began to be inhibited. When the salinity reached 2.4%, the TNRR decreased to 60%. TNRR was fast restored, when salinity was reduced to 0.11%. The genes of AOB and Anammox bacteria indicated that the TNRR of the reactor was restored after salinity inhibition, but the functional microbial community structure and abundance had relatively large, irreversible changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhen Bi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Hengwei Liu
- School of Chemistry Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chongjun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Wang S, Liu Y, Niu Q, Ji J, Hojo T, Li YY. Nitrogen removal performance and loading capacity of a novel single-stage nitritation-anammox system with syntrophic micro-granules. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 236:119-128. [PMID: 28399415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The operation performance of a novel micro-granule based syntrophic system of nitritation and anammox was studied by controlling the oxygen concentration and maintaining a constant temperature of 25°C. With the oxygen concentration of around 0.11 (<0.15)mg/L, the single-stage nitritation-anammox system was startup successfully at a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 1.5kgN/m3/d. The reactor was successfully operated at volumetric N loadings ranging from 0.5 to 2.5kgN/m3/d with a high nitrogen removal of 82%. The microbial community was composed by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria forming micro-granules with an average diameter of 0.8mm and good settleability. Results from pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Ca. Kuenenia and Nitrosomonas were selected and enriched in the community over the startup period, and these were identified as the dominant anammox bacteria and AOB species, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, 26# Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, 26# Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qigui Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiayuan Ji
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Hojo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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Ahmad M, Liu S, Mahmood N, Mahmood A, Ali M, Zheng M, Ni J. Effects of porous carrier size on biofilm development, microbial distribution and nitrogen removal in microaerobic bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:360-369. [PMID: 28343055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effects of porous carrier's size (polyurethane-based) on microbial characteristics were systematically investigated in addition to nitrogen removal performance in six microaerobic bioreactors. Among different sized carriers (50, 30, 20, 15,10, 5mm), 15mm carrier showed highest nitrogen removal (98%) due to optimal micro-environments created for aerobic nitrifiers in outer layer (0-7mm), nitrifiers and denitrifiers in middle layer (7-10mm) and anaerobic denitrifiers in inner layer (10-15mm). Candidatus brocadia, a dominant anammox bacteria, was solely concentrated close to centroid (0-70μm) and strongly co-aggregated with other bacterial communities in the middle layer of the carrier. Contrarily, carriers with a smaller (<15mm) or larger size (>15mm) either destroy the effective zone for anaerobic denitrifiers or damage the microaerobic environments due to poor mass transfer. This study is of particular use for optimal design of carriers in enhancing simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in microaerobic wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Physics, South University of Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maosheng Zheng
- Resources and Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinren Ni
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
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12
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Huang M, Wang Z, Qi R. Enhancement of the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process in a modified single-stage subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland: Effect of saturated zone depth. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:191-199. [PMID: 28279912 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore enhancement of the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in a modified single-stage subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland (VSSF) with saturated zone, and nitrogen transformation pathways in the VSSF treating digested swine wastewater were investigated at four different saturated zone depths (SZDs). SZD significantly affected nitrogen transformation pathways in the VSSF throughout the experiment. As the SZD was 45cm, the CANON process was enhanced most effectively in the system owing to the notable enhancement of anammox. Correspondingly, the VSSF had the best TN removal performance [(76.74±7.30)%] and lower N2O emission flux [(3.50±0.22)mg·(m2·h)-1]. It could be concluded that autotrophic nitrogen removal via CANON process could become a primary route for nitrogen removal in the VSSF with optimized microenvironment that developed as a result of the appropriate SZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Ran Qi
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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13
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Evaluations of biofilm thickness and dissolved oxygen on single stage anammox process in an up-flow biological aerated filter. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Liu T, Li D, Zhang J. Biochemical characteristic along UBAF in a one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2656-2665. [PMID: 27973370 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Up-flow biological aerated filter (UBAF) based on a one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process has been widely investigated nowadays. In this work, the biochemical characteristic along the volcanic-filled UBAF reactor had been studied. The results indicate that short-rod, spherical and elliptical (averaged 0.2-1.0 μm) microorganisms with a specific irregular cauliflower profile existed in the system. Species identification showed Nitrosococcus- and Nitrosomonas-related aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) and Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis-like anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) were the predominant functional bacteria that mixed with each other and showed no distinct niche in the system. However, the bioactivity of functional microorganisms displayed differently at different filter layers, with a better pollutant-removal activity in the lower parts than in the upper parts of the UBAF. In the lower parts, compact and small zooglea formed, whereas it trended to be larger and looser along the filter. Moreover, there was better biodiversity of AerAOB in the lower part, while AnAOB showed stable and low biodiversity along the filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail:
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail:
| |
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