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Rezvani F, Rostami K. Photobioreactors for utility-scale applications: effect of gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient and other critical parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27644-4. [PMID: 37247144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation of microalgae and controlling its growth and performance in closed photobioreactors (PBRs) are easier than open pond systems for wastewater treatment. The performance of PBRs is influenced by geometry, hydrodynamic behavior, and mass transfer. Horizontal and vertical configurations as common designs of PBR are reviewed based on their features, advantages, and disadvantages. However, vertically operated PBRs like bubble columns are preferably used for utility-scale applications of microalgae-based processes. Moreover, an appropriate reactor design reduces the inhibitory effect of dissolved oxygen concentration produced by microalgae and consequently increases the level of available CO2 in the medium. Medium properties, superficial gas velocity, gas holdup, bubble sizes, shear stress, mixing time, sparger design, and the ratio of inner diameter to effective height are shown to influence the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) and PBR's performance. The vertical PBRs like bubble columns provide a high mass transfer, a short liquid circulation time, and a long frequency of light/dark cycle for utility application of microalgae. Different flow regimes are obtained in PBRs based on the gas flow rate, inner diameter, and medium properties. Hydraulic retention time as the main operational parameter is determined in a batch mode for continuous wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Rezvani
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P. O. Box 3353-5111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khosrow Rostami
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P. O. Box 3353-5111, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Carone M, Alpe D, Costantino V, Derossi C, Occhipinti A, Zanetti M, Riggio VA. Design and characterization of a new pressurized flat panel photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation and CO 2 bio-fixation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135755. [PMID: 35868532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based biorefinery processes are gaining particular importance as a biotechnological tool for direct carbon dioxide fixation and production of high-quality biomass and energy feedstock for different industrial markets. However, despite the many technological advances in photobioreactor designs and operations, microalgae cultivation is still limited due to the low yields achieved in open systems and to the high investment and operation costs of closed photobioreactors. In this work, a new alveolar flat panel photobioreactor was designed and characterized with the aim of achieving high microalgae productivities and CO2 bio-fixation rates. Moreover, the energy efficiency of the employed pump-assisted hydraulic circuit was evaluated. The 1.3 cm thick alveolar flat-panels enhance the light utilization, whereas the hydraulic design of the photobioreactor aims to improve the global CO2 gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient (kLaCO2). The mixing time, liquid flow velocity, and kLaCO2 as well as the uniformity matrix of the artificial lighting source were experimentally calculated. The performance of the system was tested by cultivating the green microalga Acutodesmus obliquus. A volumetric biomass concentration equal to 1.9 g L-1 was achieved after 7 days under controlled indoor cultivation conditions with a CO2 bio-fixation efficiency of 64% of total injected CO2. The (gross) energy consumption related to substrate handling was estimated to be between 27 and 46 Wh m-3, without any cost associated to CO2 injection and O2 degassing. The data suggest that this pilot-scale cultivation system may constitute a relevant technology in the development of microalgae-based industrial scenario for CO2 mitigation and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carone
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
| | - Davis Alpe
- Photo B-Otic S.r.l., Via Paolo Veronese 202, 10148, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Costantino
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Clara Derossi
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Occhipinti
- Abel Nutraceuticals S.r.l., Via Paolo Veronese 202, 10148, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zanetti
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo A Riggio
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
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3
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Tang R, Cui C, Zhang D, Li D, Li J, Xu X. Experimental and CFD Simulation Study of the Air-Blowing Process of Iodine in Nitric Acid Solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruishu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Chang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Dagang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
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4
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Ranganathan P, Pandey AK, Sirohi R, Tuan Hoang A, Kim SH. Recent advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of photobioreactors: Design and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126920. [PMID: 35240273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of photobioreactor is important for sustainable production of renewable fuels, wastewater treatment and CO2 fixation. For the design and scale-up of a photobioreactor, CFD can be used as an indispensable tool. The present study reviews the recent status of computational flow modelling of various types of photobioreactors, involving fluid dynamics, light transport, and algal growth kinetics. An integrated modelling approach of hydrodynamics, light intensity, mass transfer, and biokinetics in photobioreactor is discussed further. Also, this reviews intensified system to improve the mixing, and light intensity of photobioreactors. Finally, the prospects and challenges of CFD modelling in photobioreactors are discussed. Multi-scale modelling approach and development of low-cost efficient computational framework are the areas to be considered for modelling of photobioreactor in near future. In addition, it is necessary to use process intensification techniques for photobioreactors for improving their hydrodynamics, mixing and mass transfer performances, and algal growth productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Yaqoubnejad P, Rad HA, Taghavijeloudar M. Development a novel hexagonal airlift flat plate photobioreactor for the improvement of microalgae growth that simultaneously enhance CO 2 bio-fixation and wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113482. [PMID: 34385116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel hexagonal airlift flat plate (HAFP) photobioreactor was designed to improve microalgae growth rate and compared with traditional flat plate (TFP) photobioreactor. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to determine hydrodynamic parameters and optimal aeration rate in the photobioreactors. Additionally, the capability of the HAFP photobioreactor to enhance microalgae based CO2 bio-fixation and wastewater treatment were investigated. The results of CFD simulation indicated that the HAFP photobioreactor could improve hydrodynamic parameters of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), average fluid velocity, dead zone (DZ), and water shear stress (WSS) up to 78 %, 41 %, 44 % and 40 %, respectively, under optimal aeration rate of 0.6 vvm. The proposed HAFP photobioreactor showed a drastic improvement in microalgae growth (up to 61 %). The maximum CO2 removal of 53.8 % and bio-fixation of 0.85 g L-1 d-1 were achieved in the HAFP photobioreactor which were approximately 70 % more than that in the TFP photobioreactor. The results suggested that the HAFP photobioreactor could accelerate nutrients removal and achieve remarkably higher efficiencies of 91 %, 99 %, 97 % and 93 % of ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) within seven days of cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poone Yaqoubnejad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-7313, Babol, Iran
| | - Hassan Amini Rad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-7313, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Taghavijeloudar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-7313, Babol, Iran; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744, Seoul, South Korea.
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6
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Teli SM, Mathpati CS. Experimental and Numerical Study of Gas-Liquid Flow in a Sectionalized External-Loop Airlift Reactor. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Chen Z, Zhang X, Su B. Influence of arc baffle configuration on gas–liquid mass transfer in flat-plate bubble column. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Teli SM, Mathpati CS. Computational fluid dynamics of rectangular external loop airlift reactor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe novel design of a rectangular external loop airlift reactor is at present the most used large-scale reactor for microalgae culture. It has a unique future for a large surface to volume ratio for exposure of light radiation for photosynthesis reaction. The 3D simulations have been performed in rectangular EL-ALR. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach has been used with a dispersed gas phase for different turbulent models. The performance and applicability of different turbulent model’s i.e., K-epsilon standard, K-epsilon realizable, K-omega, and Reynolds stress model are used and compared with experimental results. All drag forces and non-drag forces (turbulent dispersion, virtual mass, and lift coefficient) are included in the model. The experimental values of overall gas hold-up and average liquid circulation velocity have been compared with simulation and literature results. It is seemed to give good agreements. For the different elevations in the downcomer section, liquid axial velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent eddy dissipation experimental have been compared with different turbulent models. The K-epsilon Realizable model gives better prediction with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanand M. Teli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Ratnagiri, Khed, India
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9
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Aslanbay Guler B, Deniz I, Demirel Z, Imamoglu E. Evaluation of scale‐up methodologies and computational fluid dynamics simulation for fucoxanthin production in airlift photobioareactor. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Aslanbay Guler
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Ege Bornova, Izmir Turkey
| | - Irem Deniz
- Department of Bioengineering Manisa Celal Bayar University Muradiye, Manisa Turkey
| | - Zeliha Demirel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Ege Bornova, Izmir Turkey
| | - Esra Imamoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Ege Bornova, Izmir Turkey
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10
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Zhao L, Gu Y, Peng C, Tang Z. Scale‐up of the cross‐flow flat‐plate airlift photobioreactor. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luhaibo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai China
| | - Yu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai China
| | - Ci Peng
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
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11
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Ye Q, Cheng J, Liu S, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Guo W, An Y. Improving light distribution and light/dark cycle of 900 L tangential spiral-flow column photobioreactors to promote CO 2 fixation with Arthrospira sp. cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137611. [PMID: 32325586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The light distribution and light/dark cycle were improved in 900 L tangential spiral-flow column photobioreactors (TSCP) to promote CO2 fixation with Arthrospira sp. cells. Solar irradiation model was employed in CFD simulation to investigate light distribution and light/dark cycle in flow field composed of culture medium, CO2 bubbles and Arthrospira sp. cells under actual sunlight irradiation considering geolocation and time. An accurate way to divide light/dark zone based on saturate light intensity and light intensity field was adopted for the first time. When Arthrospira sp. cell concentration increased from 0.1 to 0.9 g/L, light/dark cycle frequency of cells firstly increased from 0.650 Hz to 0.868 Hz and then decreased to 0.117 Hz. Intracellular chlorophyll a content and carotenoids content of Arthrospira sp. cells in TSCP were 6% and 41% higher than those in conventional bubble column photobioreactor. This promoted cellular photosynthesis and stress resistance, which contributed to increase CO2 fixation rate of Arthrospira sp. cells by 59%. When CO2 aeration rate, CO2 volume concentration, and circulating pump power were 0.210 L/min, 15%, and 30 W, chlorophyll a content, helix pitch, and CO2 fixation rate of Arthrospira sp. cells all reached peak values of 8.769 mg/L, 78.26 μm and 0.358 g/L/d, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Shuzheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wangbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yue An
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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12
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Banerjee S, Dasgupta S, Das D, Atta A. Influence of photobioreactor configuration on microalgal biomass production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1487-1497. [PMID: 32314020 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel production from microalgae depends on the biomass concentration and lipid content in microalgal cells. Photobioreactors (PBRs) facilitates cultivation of microalgae and renders better process control than open systems. However, reactor configuration and consequential hydrodynamics considerably influence biomass and lipid production from microalgae. Here, four different configurations of PBRs, viz. airlift and bubble column with orifice sparger and newly designed ring sparger, were investigated. Resulting volumetric mass transfer coefficient, mixing time, and shear stress were analyzed at different air flow rates to realize their influence on biomass and lipid production from Neochloris oleoabundans UTEX 1185. Bubble column reactor with ring sparger was observed to exhibit superior performance, which was subsequently simulated using a two-phase Eulerian model to comprehend the influence of air flow rates on mixing time. The developed computational model corroborates well with the experimental findings of optimum air flow rate for maximum biomass yield in bubble column configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijoni Banerjee
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Soumendu Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Debabrata Das
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Arnab Atta
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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13
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Cheng J, Lai X, Ye Q, Guo W, Xu J, Ren W, Zhou J. A novel jet-aerated tangential swirling-flow plate photobioreactor generates microbubbles that enhance mass transfer and improve microalgal growth. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121531. [PMID: 31150969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To reduce bubble diameter and enhance mass transfer, a novel jet-aerated tangential swirling-flow plate photobioreactor was developed that improves the growth rate of microalgae. In this system, the circulating microalgal solution enters a jet aerator that takes up 15% CO2 by vacuum suction and then injects into a plate photobioreactor through four centrally symmetric nozzles. Each jetflow is tangent to a tangential circle, driving vertical vortex movement of the surrounding microalgal solution, which markedly reduced the bubble diameter and enhanced mass transfer. The mass transfer coefficient was enhanced by decreasing the nozzle number (n) and increasing the ratio of tangential circle diameter to plate photobioreactor equivalent diameter (d/D). The average bubble diameter decreased by 80.2% to 0.37 mm and the mass transfer coefficient increased 4.6 times to 48.9 h-1 when n was 4 and d/D was 0.34. Finally, the optimized system increased the biomass dry weight of microalgae by 49.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xin Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wangbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wenbin Ren
- Penglai Power Generation Company Ltd. of China Energy Investment Corporation, Penglai 265601, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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14
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Application of computational fluid dynamics to raceways combining paddlewheel and CO 2 spargers to enhance microalgae growth. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:93-98. [PMID: 31331795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of light intensity and mixing on microalgae growth in a raceway by comparing the performance of a paddlewheel to a combination of paddlewheel and CO2 spargers in a 20 L raceway. The increase of light intensity was known to be able to increase the microalgal growth rate. Increasing paddlewheel rotation speed from 13 to 30 rpm enhanced C. vulgaris growth by enhancing culture mixing. Simulation results using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) indicated that both the turnaround areas of the raceway and the area opposite the paddlewheel experienced very low flow velocities (dead zones) of less than 0.1 m/min, which could cause cell settling and slow down growth. The simulated CFD velocity distribution in the raceway was validated by actual velocity measurements. The installation of CO2 spargers in the dead zones greatly increased flow velocity. The increase of paddlewheel rotation speed reduced the dead zones and hence increased algal biomass production. By complementing the raceway paddlewheel with spargers providing CO2 at 30 mL/min, we achieved a dry cell weight of 5.2 ± 0.2 g/L, which was about 2.6 times that obtained without CO2 sparging.
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15
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Aslanbay Guler B, Deniz I, Demirel Z, Imamoglu E. Computational fluid dynamics simulation in scaling-up of airlift photobioreactor for astaxanthin production. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:86-92. [PMID: 31302007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The unicellular green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates large amounts of the red ketocarotenoid astaxanthin. Aiming to cultivate these microalgae with high astaxanthin efficiency, cultivations were scaled-up from 1000 mL bottle to 2 L and 8 L airlift photobioreactor using volumetric power consumption rate (W/m3) as scale up strategy. After cultivations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to investigate the flow patterns, mixing efficiency and gas holdup profile within the 2 L photobioreactor. At the end, astaxanthin content was enhanced with increasing the cultivation volume and highest astaxanthin amount of 49.39 ± 1.64 mg/g cell was obtained in 8 L photobioreactor. Hydrodynamic characteristics of photobioreactor was simulated and gas holdup showed difference between the riser and the downcomer regions. Velocity profiles of air and medium had higher values inside the draft tube than obtained in downcomer region. However liquid circulation was achieved from draft tube to the downcomer, mixing was not provided effectively considering the turbulence kinetic energy. For the further research, some developments about column configuration, sparger diameter may be necessary to enhance the mixing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Aslanbay Guler
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irem Deniz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45100 Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Demirel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Imamoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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16
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Ali H, Solsvik J, Wagner JL, Zhang D, Hellgardt K, Park CW. CFD and kinetic‐based modeling to optimize the sparger design of a large‐scale photobioreactor for scaling up of biofuel production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2200-2211. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haider Ali
- School of Mechanical EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu Korea
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondon UK
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNTNU‐Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim Norway
| | - Jannike Solsvik
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNTNU‐Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim Norway
| | - Jonathan L. Wagner
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondon UK
- Department of Chemical EngineeringLoughborough University, Loughborough Leicestershire UK
| | - Dongda Zhang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondon UK
- Centre for Process IntegrationUniversity of ManchesterManchester UK
| | - Klaus Hellgardt
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondon UK
| | - Cheol Woo Park
- School of Mechanical EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu Korea
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17
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Comparison of different photobioreactor configurations and empirical computational fluid dynamics simulation for fucoxanthin production. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Zhao L, Tang Z, Gu Y, Shan Y, Tang T. Investigate the cross-flow flat-plate photobioreactor for high-density culture of microalgae. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luhaibo Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yu Gu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Ying Shan
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Tao Tang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
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Gao X, Kong B, Vigil RD. Simulation of algal photobioreactors: recent developments and challenges. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:1311-1327. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ndiaye M, Gadoin E, Gentric C. CO 2 gas–liquid mass transfer and k L a estimation: Numerical investigation in the context of airlift photobioreactor scale-up. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sadeghizadeh A, Rahimi R, Farhad Dad F. Computational fluid dynamics modeling of carbon dioxide capture from air using biocatalyst in an airlift reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:154-164. [PMID: 29353746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel three-phase and three dimensional CFD model based on the Euler-Euler approach developed for modeling the hydrodynamic, mass transfer and CO2 fixation using microalgae in an internal loop airlift reactor with internal sparger. The main objective of this work was to development of CFD codes in order to simulate the CO2 biofixation process under different input gas velocity during 11 days of culture time and simulate the unsteady state mass transfer based on Surface-Renewal-Stretch (SRS) model. The CFD results were compared with the our previous experimental work and they showed good agreement with a margin of less than 10%. This paper illustrated the ability of the CFD in complex process simulation such as CO2 biofixation in the airlift reactor and provided a useful basis for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, P.O. Box. 98164-161, Iran
| | - Rahbar Rahimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, P.O. Box. 98164-161, Iran.
| | - Farid Farhad Dad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, P.O. Box. 98164-161, Iran
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Ye Q, Cheng J, Yang Z, Yang W, Zhou J, Cen K. Improving microalgal growth by strengthening the flashing light effect simulated with computational fluid dynamics in a panel bioreactor with horizontal baffles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18828-18836. [PMID: 35539675 PMCID: PMC9080617 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02863j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological CO2 elimination by photosynthetic microalgae is a sustainable way to mitigate CO2 from flue gas and other sources. Computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate algal cell movement with an enhanced flashing light effect in a novel panel bioreactor with horizontal baffles. Calculation results showed that the light/dark (L/D) cycle period decreased by 17.5% from 17.1 s to 14.1 s and that the horizontal fluid velocity increased by 95% while horizontal baffles were used under a 0.02 vvm air aeration rate and a microalgal concentration of 0.85 g L−1. The probability of the L/D cycle period within 5–10 s increased from 27.9% to 43.6%, indicating a 56% increase when horizontal baffles existed. It was proved by experiments that the mass-transfer coefficient increased by 31% and the mixing time decreased by 13% under a 0.06 vvm air aeration rate when horizontal baffles were used, and the algal biomass yield increased by ∼51% along with the decrease in the L/D cycle period when horizontal baffles were used. Biological CO2 elimination by photosynthetic microalgae is a sustainable way to mitigate CO2 from flue gas and other sources.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zongbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Weijuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Sadeghizadeh A, Farhad Dad F, Moghaddasi L, Rahimi R. CO 2 capture from air by Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in an airlift photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:441-447. [PMID: 28688327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hydrodynamics and CO2 biofixation study was conducted in an airlift bioreactor at the temperature of 30±2°C. The main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of high gas superficial velocity on CO2 biofixation using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and its growth. The study showed that Chlorella vulgaris in high input gas superficial velocity also had the ability to grow and remove the CO2 by less than 80% efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, P.O.Box.98164-161, Iran
| | - Farid Farhad Dad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, P.O.Box.98164-161, Iran
| | - Leila Moghaddasi
- Natural Resources Department, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, P.O. Box.79158-93144, Iran
| | - Rahbar Rahimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, P.O.Box.98164-161, Iran.
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Yang Z, Cheng J, Yang W, Zhou J, Cen K. Developing a water-circulating column photobioreactor for microalgal growth with low energy consumption. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:492-497. [PMID: 27686719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A water-circulating column photobioreactor (WCC-PBR) was developed to decrease bubble generation time and mixing time for growing microalgal biomass at low energy consumption. Bubble generation time was decreased by 60.4% and mixing time was decreased by 41.5% owing to an enhanced solution velocity with a water pump. Bubble residence time was decreased by 31.1% and mass transfer coefficient was decreased by 0.4% owing to a reduced distance between air aerator and solution surface. Microalgal growth rate was decreased by 12.7% from 128.9mg/Lday in an air-lifting column photobioreactor (ALC-PBR) to 112.6mg/Lday in a WCC-PBR because of the decrease in residence time of bubbles and an additional shear of cells in a water pump. However, total energy consumption of a WCC-PBR with an air compressor and a water pump was lower by 21.1% than that of an ALC-PBR with only an air compressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Weijuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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