1
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Greifenstein R, Ballweg T, Hashem T, Gottwald E, Achauer D, Kirschhöfer F, Nusser M, Brenner‐Weiß G, Sedghamiz E, Wenzel W, Mittmann E, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM, Franzreb M, Wöll C. MOF-Hosted Enzymes for Continuous Flow Catalysis in Aqueous and Organic Solvents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117144. [PMID: 35133704 PMCID: PMC9314721 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fully exploiting the potential of enzymes in cell-free biocatalysis requires stabilization of the catalytically active proteins and their integration into efficient reactor systems. Although in recent years initial steps towards the immobilization of such biomolecules in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been taken, these demonstrations have been limited to batch experiments and to aqueous conditions. Here we demonstrate a MOF-based continuous flow enzyme reactor system, with high productivity and stability, which is also suitable for organic solvents. Under aqueous conditions, the stability of the enzyme was increased 30-fold, and the space-time yield exceeded that obtained with other enzyme immobilization strategies by an order of magnitude. Importantly, the infiltration of the proteins into the MOF did not require additional functionalization, thus allowing for time- and cost-efficient fabrication of the biocatalysts using label-free enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Greifenstein
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Tim Ballweg
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Tawheed Hashem
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Eric Gottwald
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - David Achauer
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Michael Nusser
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Gerald Brenner‐Weiß
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Elaheh Sedghamiz
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 640, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 640, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Esther Mittmann
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 601, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 601, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 601, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyBld. 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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2
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Greifenstein R, Ballweg T, Hashem T, Gottwald E, Achauer D, Kirschhöfer F, Nusser M, Brenner‐Weiß G, Sedghamiz E, Wenzel W, Mittmann E, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM, Franzreb M, Wöll C. In MOF eingebettete Enzyme für die kontinuierliche Durchflusskatalyse in wässrigen und organischen Lösungsmitteln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Greifenstein
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Tim Ballweg
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Tawheed Hashem
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Eric Gottwald
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - David Achauer
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Michael Nusser
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Gerald Brenner‐Weiß
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Elaheh Sedghamiz
- Institut für Nanotechnologie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 640, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institut für Nanotechnologie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 640, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Esther Mittmann
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 601, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 601, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 601, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Gebäude 330, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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3
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Cozentino IDSC, Rodrigues MDF, Mazziero VT, Cerri MO, Cavallini DCU, de Paula AV. Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids from grape seed (Vitis vinifera L.) oil in associated packed bed reactors. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:101-109. [PMID: 33617040 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) can be modified to increase the absorption of fatty acids, prevent obesity, and treat fat malabsorption disorders and metabolic diseases. Medium-long-medium (MLM)-type TAGs, which contain medium-chain fatty acids in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of the glycerol backbone and a long-chain fatty acid in the sn-2 position, show particularly interesting nutritional characteristics. This study aimed to synthesize MLM-type TAGs by enzymatic acidolysis of grape seed oil with medium-chain capric acid (C10:0) in associated packed bed reactors. The reaction was carried out during 120 H, at 45 °C, using lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme® RM IM). The residence time distribution of reagents in the reactor was quantified to evaluate the reactor behavior and to diagnose the existence of preferential paths. The reaction progress was monitored by analyzing TAG composition and, at the steady state (after 48 H of reaction), the incorporation degree achieved a value of 39.91 ± 2.77%. To enhance the capric acid incorporation, an acidolysis reaction in associated packed bed reactors was performed. The results showed a good operational stability of the biocatalyst, revealing values of half-life 209.64 H, 235.63 H of packed bed and associated packed bed reactor, respectively, and a deactivation coefficient 0.0061 H-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina de Freitas Rodrigues
- Department of Engineering Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Teixeira Mazziero
- Department of Engineering Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Otávio Cerri
- Department of Engineering Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ariela Veloso de Paula
- Department of Engineering Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Ulmer N, Ristanovic D, Morbidelli M. Process for Continuous Fab Production by Digestion of IgG. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800677. [PMID: 31169346 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intensified processing and end-to-end integrated continuous manufacturing are increasingly being considered in bioprocessing as an alternative to the current batch-based technologies. Similar approaches can also be used at later stages of the production chain, such as in the post-translational modifications that are often considered for therapeutic proteins. In this work, a process to intensify the enzymatic digestion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the purification of the resulting Fab fragment is developed. The process consists of the integration of a continuous packed-bed reactor into a multicolumn chromatographic process. The integration is realized through the development of a novel multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) process, which, by adding a third column to the classical two-column MCSGP process, allows for continuous loading and then straight-through processing of the mixture leaving the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ulmer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dragana Ristanovic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Shen JW, Qi JM, Zhang XJ, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Efficient Resolution of cis-(±)-Dimethyl 1-Acetylpiperidine-2,3-dicarboxylate by Covalently Immobilized Mutant Candida antarctica Lipase B in Batch and Semicontinuous Modes. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jia-Mei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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6
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Preparing β-blocker (R)-Nifenalol based on enantioconvergent synthesis of (R)-p-nitrophenylglycols in continuous packed bed reactor with epoxide hydrolase. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Lin CP, Wu ZM, Tang XL, Hao CL, Zheng RC, Zheng YG. Continuous production of aprepitant chiral intermediate by immobilized amidase in a packed bed bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:371-378. [PMID: 30544042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To develop a highly efficient method for aprepitant chiral intermediate (S)-4-fluorophenylglycine, a continuous reaction system was established in packed bed bioreactor using amidase covalently immobilized on epoxy resin as biocatalyst. The epoxy resin was firstly modified by metal-chelate method and functional groups (Cu2+-IDA) generated were able to rapidly adsorb amidases, which were further covalently bound onto the modified resin with 90.1% immobilization yield and 80.2% activity recovery. The immobilized amidase exhibited excellent thermal stability with the longest half-life of 1456.8 h at 40 °C ever reported. (S)-4-fluorophenylglycine was continuously produced using the reaction system with 49.9% conversion, 99.9% ee, and an outstanding space-time yield of 5.29 kg L-1 d-1. Moreover, the efficient reaction system exhibited a high operational stability and retained 86.3% catalytic activity after 25-day continuous operation. This efficient continuous bioprocess presents great industrial potential for large-scale production of (S)-4-fluorophenylglycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Ling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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8
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Abstract
The continuous flow synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, value-added chemicals, and materials has grown tremendously over the past ten years. This revolution in chemical manufacturing has resulted from innovations in both new methodology and technology. This field, however, has been predominantly focused on synthetic organic chemistry, and the use of biocatalysts in continuous flow systems is only now becoming popular. Although immobilized enzymes and whole cells in batch systems are common, their continuous flow counterparts have grown rapidly over the past two years. With continuous flow systems offering improved mixing, mass transfer, thermal control, pressurized processing, decreased variation, automation, process analytical technology, and in-line purification, the combination of biocatalysis and flow chemistry opens powerful new process windows. This Review explores continuous flow biocatalysts with emphasis on new technology, enzymes, whole cells, co-factor recycling, and immobilization methods for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, value-added chemicals, and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Britton
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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Zheng MM, Chen FF, Li H, Li CX, Xu JH. Continuous Production of Ursodeoxycholic Acid by Using Two Cascade Reactors with Co-immobilized Enzymes. Chembiochem 2017; 19:347-353. [PMID: 28926166 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is an effective drug for the treatment of hepatitis. In this study, 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β-HSDH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), were co-immobilized onto an epoxy-functionalized resin (ES-103) to catalyze the synthesis of UDCA from chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). Through optimizing the immobilization pH, time, and loading ratio of enzymes to resin, the specific activities of immobilized LDH-7αHSDH@ES-103 and 7βHSDH-GDH@ES-103 were 43.2 and 25.8 U g-1 , respectively, which were 12- and 516-fold higher than that under the initial immobilization conditions. Continuous production of UDCA from CDCA was subsequently achieved by using immobilized LDH-7αHSDH@ES-103 and 7βHSDH-GDH@ES-103 in two serial packed-bed reactors. The yield of UDCA reached nearly 100 % and lasted for at least 12 h in the packed-bed reactors, which was superior to that of the batchwise reaction. This efficient continuous approach developed herein might provide a feasible route for large-scale biotransformation of CDCA into UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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10
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Synthesis of Geraniol Esters in a Continuous-Flow Packed-Bed Reactor of Immobilized Lipase: Optimization of Process Parameters and Kinetic Modeling. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:630-643. [PMID: 28836237 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With increasing demand for perfumes, flavors, beverages, and pharmaceuticals, the various associated industries are resorting to different approaches to enhance yields of desired compounds. The use of fixed-bed biocatalytic reactors in some of the processes for making fine chemicals will be of great value because the reaction times could be reduced substantially as well as high conversion and yields obtained. In the current study, a continuous-flow packed-bed reactor of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) was employed for synthesis of various geraniol esters. Optimization of process parameters such as biocatalyst screening, effect of solvent, mole ratio, temperature and acyl donors was studied in a continuous-flow packed-bed reactor. Maximum conversion of ~ 87% of geranyl propionate was achieved in 15 min residence time at 70 °C using geraniol and propionic acid with a 1:1 mol ratio. Novozym 435 was found to be the most active and stable biocatalyst among all tested. Ternary complex mechanism with propionic acid inhibition was found to fit the data.
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11
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Luan ZJ, Yu HL, Ma BD, Qi YK, Chen Q, Xu JH. Dramatically Improved Performance of an Esterase for Cilastatin Synthesis by Cap Domain Engineering. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jiao Luan
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative
Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui-Lei Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative
Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bao-Di Ma
- School
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yi-Ke Qi
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative
Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative
Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative
Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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