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Zhou HP, Wang DR, Xu CL, Zhang YW. Combination of engineering the substrate and Ca 2+ binding domains of heparinase I to improve the catalytic activity. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1297-1305. [PMID: 37040156 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2197029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Heparinase I (EC 4.2.2.7), is an enzyme that cleaves heparin, showing great potential for eco-friendly production of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). However, owing to its poor catalytic activity and thermal stability, the industrial application of heparinase I has been severely hindered. To improve the catalytic activity, we proposed to engineer both the substrate and Ca2+ binding domains of heparinase I. Several heparinases I from different organisms were selected for multiple sequence alignment and molecular docking to screen the key residues in the binding domain. Nine single-point mutations were selected to enhance the catalytic activity of heparinase I. Among them, T250D was the most highly active one, whereas mutations around Ca2+ binding domain yielded two active mutants. Mutant D152S/R244K/T250D with significantly increased catalytic activity was obtained by combined mutation. The catalytic efficiency of the mutant was 118,875.8 min-1·µM-1, which was improved 5.26 times. Molecular modeling revealed that the improved activity and stability of the mutants were probably attributed to the formation of new hydrogen bonds. The highly active mutant had great potential applications in industry and the strategy could be used to improve the performance of other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ping Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Ran Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
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Li Y, Lin Y, Jiang Y, Mehwish HM, Rajoka MSR, Zhao L. Expression and characterization of heparinase II with MBP tag from a novel strain, Raoultella NX-TZ-3-15. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:551. [PMID: 35951138 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes are biological macromolecules that biocatalyze certain biochemical reactions without undergoing any modification or degradation at the end of the reaction. In this work, we constructed a recombinant novel Raoultella sp. NX-TZ-3-15 strain that produces heparinase with a maltose binding tag to enhance its production and activity. Additionally, MBP-heparinase was purified and its enzymatic capabilities are investigated to determine its industrial application. Moreover, the recombinant plasmid encoding the MBP-heparinase fusion protein was effectively generated and purified to a high purity. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, the MBP-heparinase has a molecular weight of around 70 kDa and the majority of it being soluble with a maximum activity of 5386 U/L. It has also been noted that the three ions of Ca2 + , Co2 + , and Mg2 + can have an effect on heparinase activities, with Mg2 + being the most noticeable, increasing by about 85%, while Cu2 + , Fe2 + , Zn2 + having an inhibitory effect on heparinase activities. Further investigations on the mechanistic action, structural features, and genomes of Raoultella sp. NX-TZ-3-15 heparinase synthesis are required for industrial-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzi Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Liqing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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3
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Production, characteristics and applications of microbial heparinases. Biochimie 2022; 198:109-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gao LW, Zhu HT, Liu CY, Lv ZX, Fan XM, Zhang YW. A highly active heparinase I from Bacteroides cellulosilyticus: Cloning, high level expression, and molecular characterization. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240920. [PMID: 33079966 PMCID: PMC7575093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most extensively studied glycosaminoglycan lyases, heparinase I has been used in producing low or ultra-low molecular weight heparin. Its' important applications are to neutralize the heparin in human blood and analyze heparin structure in the clinic. However, the low productivity and activity of the enzyme have greatly hindered its applications. In this study, a novel Hep-I from Bacteroides cellulosilyticus (BcHep-I) was successfully cloned and heterologously expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) as a soluble protein. The molecular mass and isoelectric point (pI) of the enzyme are 44.42 kDa and 9.02, respectively. And the characterization of BcHep-I after purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography suggested that it is a mesophilic enzyme. BcHep-I can be activated by 1 mM Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+, while severely inhibited by Zn2+, Co2+, and EDTA. The specific activity of the enzyme was 738.3 U·mg-1 which is the highest activity ever reported. The Km and Vmax were calculated as 0.17 mg·mL-1 and 740.58 U·mg-1, respectively. Besides, the half-life of 300 min at 30°C showed BcHep-I has practical applications. Homology modeling and substrate docking revealed that Gln15, Lys74, Arg76, Lys104, Arg149, Gln208, Tyr336, Tyr342, and Lys338 were mainly involved in the substrate binding of Hep-I, and 11 hydrogen bonds were formed between heparin and the enzyme. These results indicated that BcHep-I with high activity has great potential applications in the industrial production of heparin, especially in the clinic to neutralize heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Gao
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cai-Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Lv
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Man Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang C, Tang F, Zhang J, Cao J, Li H, Liu C. Uncovering the detailed mode of cleavage of heparinase I toward structurally defined heparin oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:756-764. [PMID: 31479666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
For a more insightful investigation into the specificity of bacterial heparinase I, a series of structurally well-defined heparin oligosaccharides was synthesized using a highly efficient chemoenzymatic strategy. Apart from the primary cleavage site, five glycosidic linkages of oligosaccharides with varying modifications to obtain secondary cleavage sites were degraded by a high concentration of heparinase I. The reactivity of linkages toward heparinase I was not entirely dependent on the 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid being cleaved or the neighboring 6-O-sulfated glucosamine residues, but it was dependent on higher degrees of sulfation of oligosaccharides and indispensable N-substituted glucosamine adjacent to the cleavable linkage. Moreover, the enzyme demonstrated less preferential cleavage toward glycosidic linkages containing glucuronic acid than those containing iduronic acid of the counterpart oligosaccharides. Biolayer interferometry revealed differences in reactivity that are not completely consistent with different affinities of substrates to enzyme. Our study presented accurate information on the cleavage promiscuity of heparinase I that is crucial for heparin depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fengyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jichao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
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Zhang C, Yang BC, Liu WT, Li ZY, Song YJ, Zhang TC, Luo XG. Structure-based engineering of heparinase I with improved specific activity for degrading heparin. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:59. [PMID: 31399136 PMCID: PMC6688311 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparinase I from Pedobacter heparinus (Ph-HepI), which specifically cleaves heparin and heparan sulfate, is one of the most extensively studied glycosaminoglycan lyases. Enzymatic degradation of heparin by heparin lyases not only largely facilitates heparin structural analysis but also showed great potential to produce low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in an environmentally friendly way. However, industrial applications of Ph-HepI have been limited by their poor yield and enzyme activity. In this work, we improve the specific enzyme activity of Ph-HepI based on homology modeling, multiple sequence alignment, molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis. RESULTS Three mutations (S169D, A259D, S169D/A259D) exhibited a 50.18, 40.43, and 122.05% increase in the specific enzyme activity and a 91.67, 108.33, and 75% increase in the yield, respectively. The catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of the mutanted enzymes S169D, A259D, and S169D/A259D were higher than those of the wild-type enzyme by 275, 164, and 406%, respectively. Mass spectrometry and activity detection showed the enzyme degradation products were in line with the standards of the European Pharmacopoeia. Protein structure analysis showed that hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds were important factors for improving specific enzyme activity and yield. CONCLUSIONS We found that the mutant S169D/A259D had more industrial application value than the wild-type enzyme due to molecular modifications. Our results provide a new strategy to increase the catalytic efficiency of other heparinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ya-Jian Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are polydisperse mixtures of polysaccharide chains between 5 and 50 kDa. Sulfate modifications to discreet regions along the chains form protein binding sites involved in cell signaling cascades and other important cellular physiological and pathophysiological functions. Specific protein affinities of the chains vary among different tissues and are determined by the arrangements of sulfated residues in discreet regions along the chains which in turn appear to be determined by the expression levels of particular enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. Although not all the rules governing synthesis and modification are known, analytical procedures have been developed to determine composition, and all of the biosynthetic enzymes have been identified and cloned. Thus, through cell engineering, it is now possible to direct cellular synthesis of heparin and HS to particular compositions and therefore particular functional characteristics. For example, directing heparin producing cells to reduce the level of a particular type of polysaccharide modification may reduce the risk of heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) without reducing the potency of anticoagulation. Similarly, HS has been linked to several biological areas including wound healing, cancer and lipid metabolism among others. Presumably, these roles involve specific HS compositions that could be produced by engineering cells. Providing HS reagents with a range of identified compositions should help accelerate this research and lead to new clinical applications for specific HS compositions. Here I review progress in engineering CHO cells to produce heparin and HS with compositions directed to improved properties and advancing medical research.
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Yang J, Liu W, Yi M, Song S, Ai C, Zhao J. Depolymerization of heparin by dielectric barrier discharge: Effect of operating modes and anticoagulant potential analysis of low-molecular-weight products. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Heparin depolymerization by immobilized heparinase: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:721-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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