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Cao X, Yu W, Chen Y, Yang S, Zhao ZK, Nielsen J, Luan H, Zhou YJ. Engineering yeast for high-level production of diterpenoid sclareol. Metab Eng 2023; 75:19-28. [PMID: 36371032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The diterpenoid sclareol is an industrially important precursor for alternative sustainable supply of ambergris. However, its current production from plant extraction is neither economical nor environmental-friendly, since it requires laborious and cost-intensive purification procedures and plants cultivation is susceptible to environmental factors. Engineering cell factories for bio-manufacturing can enable sustainable production of natural products. However, stringent metabolic regulation poses challenges to rewire cellular metabolism for overproduction of compounds of interest. Here we used a modular approach to globally rewire the cellular metabolism for improving sclareol production to 11.4 g/L in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the highest reported diterpenoid titer in microbes. Metabolic flux analysis showed that modular balanced metabolism drove the metabolic flux toward the biosynthesis of targeted molecules, and transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of central metabolism genes was shaped for a new balanced metabolism, which laid a foundation in extensive metabolic engineering of other microbial species for sustainable bio-production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shan Yang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hongwei Luan
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yongjin J Zhou
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Ju H, Zhang C, He S, Nan W, Lu W. Construction and optimization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for synthesizing forskolin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1933-1944. [PMID: 35235006 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Forskolin, one of the primary active metabolites of labdane-type diterpenoids, exhibits significant medicinal value, such as anticancer, antiasthmatic, and antihypertensive activities. In this study, we constructed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory that efficiently produced forskolin. First, a chassis strain that can accumulate 145.8 mg/L 13R-manoyl oxide (13R-MO), the critical precursor of forskolin, was constructed. Then, forskolin was produced by integrating CfCYP76AH15, CfCYP76AH11, CfCYP76AH16, ATR1, and CfACT1-8 into the 13R-MO chassis with a titer of 76.25 μg/L. We confirmed that cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are the rate-limiting step by detecting intermediate metabolite accumulation. Forskolin production reached 759.42 μg/L by optimizing the adaptations between CfCYP76AHs, t66CfCPR, and t30AaCYB5. Moreover, multiple metabolic engineering strategies, including regulation of the target genes' copy numbers, amplification of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) area, and cofactor metabolism enhancement, were implemented to enhance the metabolic flow to forskolin from 13R-MO, resulting in a final forskolin yield of 21.47 mg/L in shake flasks and 79.33 mg/L in a 5 L bioreactor. These promising results provide guidance for the synthesis of other natural terpenoids in S. cerevisiae, especially for those containing multiple P450s in their synthetic pathways. KEY POINTS: • The forskolin biosynthesis pathway was optimized from the perspective of system metabolism for the first time in S. cerevisiae. • The adaptation and optimization of CYP76AHs, t66CfCPR, and t30AaCYB5 promote forskolin accumulation, which can provide a reference for diterpenoids containing complex pathways, especially multiple P450s pathways. • The forskolin titer of 79.33 mg/L is the highest production currently reported and was achieved by fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shifan He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Weihua Nan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Ju H, Zhang C, Lu W. Progress in heterologous biosynthesis of forskolin. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:kuab009. [PMID: 33928347 PMCID: PMC9113163 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Forskolin, a class of labdane-type diterpenoid, has significant medicinal value in anticancer, antiasthmatic, antihypertensive, and heart-strengthening treatments. The main source of natural forskolin is its extraction from the cork tissue of the root of Coleus forskohlii. However, conventional modes of extraction pose several challenges. In recent years, the construction of microbial cell factories to produce medicinal natural products via synthetic biological methods has effectively solved the current problems and is a research hotspot in this field. This review summarizes the recent progress in the heterologous synthesis of forskolin via synthetic biological technology, analyzes the current challenges, and proposes corresponding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R.
China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R.
China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R.
China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University),
Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin
300350, P. R. China
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