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Shah H, Zhang C, Khan S, Patil PJ, Li W, Xu Y, Ali A, Liang E, Li X. Comprehensive Insights into Microbial Lipases: Unveiling Structural Dynamics, Catalytic Mechanism, and Versatile Applications. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:394. [PMID: 39375258 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Microbial lipases (MLs) are pivotal biocatalysts in lipid biotechnology due to their diverse enzymatic properties and substrate specificity, garnering significant research attention. This comprehensive review explores the significance of MLs in biocatalysis, providing insights into their structure, catalytic domain, and oxyanion hole. The catalytic mechanism is elucidated, highlighting the molecular processes driving their efficiency. The review delves into ML sources, spanning fungi, yeasts, bacteria, and actinomycetes, followed by a discussion on classification and characterization. Emphasizing the scattered findings in the literature, the paper consolidates the latest information on ML applications across various industries, from food and pharmaceuticals to biofuel production and the paper and pulp industry. The review captures the dynamic landscape of ML research, emphasizing their structure-function relationships and practical implications across diverse sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Shah
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Haidian District, No. 11 Fucheng Street, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- China Bio-Specialty Food Enzyme Technology Research Development and Promotion Center, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Haidian District, No. 11 Fucheng Street, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Sohail Khan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Prasanna Jagannath Patil
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Haidian District, No. 11 Fucheng Street, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Haidian District, No. 11 Fucheng Street, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Haidian District, No. 11 Fucheng Street, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Akhtiar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Haidian District, No. 11 Fucheng Street, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Erhong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Haidian District, No. 11 Fucheng Street, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
- China Bio-Specialty Food Enzyme Technology Research Development and Promotion Center, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiome and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Haidian District, No. 11 Fucheng Street, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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Constitutive Expression in Komagataella phaffii of Mature Rhizopus oryzae Lipase Jointly with Its Truncated Prosequence Improves Production and the Biocatalyst Operational Stability. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) containing 28 C-terminal amino acids of the prosequence fused to the N-terminal mature sequence in ROL (proROL) was successfully expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) under the constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (PGAP). Although the sequence encoding the mature lipase (rROL) was also transformed, no clones were obtained after three transformation cycles, which highlights the importance of the truncated prosequence to obtain viable transformed clones. Batch cultures of the K. phaffii strain constitutively expressing proROL scarcely influenced growth rate and exhibited a final activity and volumetric productivity more than six times higher than those obtained with proROL from K. phaffii under the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (PAOX1). The previous differences were less marked in fed-batch cultures. N-terminal analysis confirmed the presence of the 28 amino acids in proROL. In addition, immobilized proROL exhibited increased tolerance of organic solvents and an operational stability 0.25 and 3 times higher than that of immobilized rROL in biodiesel and ethyl butyrate production, respectively. Therefore, the truncated prosequence enables constitutive proROL production, boosts bioprocess performance and provides a more stable biocatalyst in two reactions in which lipases are mostly used at industrial level, esterification (ethyl butyrate) and transesterification (biodiesel).
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Verma S, Meghwanshi GK, Kumar R. Current perspectives for microbial lipases from extremophiles and metagenomics. Biochimie 2021; 182:23-36. [PMID: 33421499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are most broadly used biocatalysts for environmental and industrial applications. Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of long acyl chain esters and have a characteristic folding pattern of α/β hydrolase with highly conserved catalytic triad (Serine, Aspartic/Glutamic acid and Histidine). Mesophilic lipases (optimal activity in neutral pH range, mesophilic temperature range, atmospheric pressure, normal salinity, non-radio-resistant, and instability in organic solvents) have been in use for many industrial biotransformation reactions. However, lipases from extremophiles can be used to design biotransformation reactions with higher yields, less byproducts or useful side products and have been predicted to catalyze those reactions also, which otherwise are not possible with the mesophilic lipases. The extremophile lipase perform activity at extremes of temperature, pH, salinity, and pressure which can be screened from metagenome and de novo lipase design using computational approaches. Despite structural similarity, they exhibit great diversity at the sequence level. This diversity is broader when lipases from the bacterial, archaeal, plant, and animal domains/kingdoms are compared. Furthermore, a great diversity of novel lipases exists and can be discovered from the analysis of the dark matter - the unexplored nucleotide/metagenomic databases. This review is an update on extremophilic microbial lipases, their diversity, structure, and classification. An overview on novel lipases which have been detected through analysis of the genomic dark matter (metagenome) has also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, 334004, India
| | | | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden.
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