Towards hybrid one-pot/one-electrode Pd-NPs-based nanoreactors for modular biocatalysis

One-step electrodeposited hybrid nanofilms in amperometric biosensor development

This review summarizes recent developments in amperometric biosensors, based on one-step electrodeposited organic-inorganic hybrid layers, used for analysis of low molecular weight compounds. The factors affecting self-assembly of one-step electrodeposited films, methods for verifying their composition, advantages, limitations and approaches affecting the electroanalytical performance of amperometric biosensors based on organic-inorganic hybrid layers were systemized. Moreover, issues related to the formation of one-step organic-inorganic hybrid functional layers with different structures in biosensors produced under the same electrodeposition parameters are discussed. The systemized dependencies can support the preliminary choice of functional sensing layers with architectures tuned for specific biotechnology and life science applications. Finally, the capabilities of one-step electrodeposition of organic-inorganic hybrid functional films beyond amperometric biosensors were highlighted.

In situ modulation of enzyme activity via heterogeneous catalysis utilizing solid electroplated cofactors

•

Mechanistic aspects of the electroplating of cofactors from multiple electrolytes were studied.

•

The role of polymer binding agents on cofactors attachment was revealed.

•

The architecture of the hybrid electrodes was realized by methods of quantum chemistry.

•

The immobilized cofactors remain biologically active and can be used for reconstituting of the enzyme structure.

During product isolation the received bioreceptors often do not exhibit a sufficient biochemical activity due to multistep dissociation and loss of cofactors. However, for bioelectrochemical applications the presence of cofactors is necessary for a successful oxidative or reductive conversion of the substrates to the products.

Herein, we show how the immobilization of the required electroplated cofactors in a design of amperometric electrodes can in situ assist the activity of apo-enzymes. Compared to conventional approaches used in enzyme engineering this tailored nanoengineering methodology is superior from economic point of view, labor and time costs, storage conditions, reduced amount of waste and can fill the gap in the development of tuned bioelectrocatalysts.