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Li Z, Wang Q, Lei Z, Zheng H, Zhang H, Huang J, Ma Q, Li F. Biofilm formation and microbial interactions in moving bed-biofilm reactors treating wastewater containing pharmaceuticals and personal care products: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122166. [PMID: 39154385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has been paid more attention after the outbreak of COVID-19, threatening the ecology and human health resulted from the massive use of drugs and disinfectants. Wastewater treatment plants are considered the final stop to restrict PPCPs from wide spreading into the environment, but the performance of conventional treatment is limited due to their concentrations and characteristics. Previous studies have shown the unreplaceable capability of moving bed-biofilm reactor (MBBR) as a cost-effective method with layered microbial structure for treating wastewater even with toxic compounds. The biofilm community and microbial interactions are essential for the MBBR process in completely degrading or converting types of PPCPs to secondary metabolites, which still need further investigation. This review starts with discussing the initiation of MBBR formation and its influencing parameters according to the research on MBBRs in the recent years. Then the efficiency of MBBRs and the response of biofilm after exposure to PPCPs are further addressed, followed by the bottlenecks proposed in this field. Some critical approaches are also recommended for mitigating the deficiencies of MBBRs based on the recently published publications to reduce the environmental risk of PPCPs. Finally, this review provides fundamental information on PPCPs removal by MBBRs with the main focus on microbial interactions, promoting the MBBRs to practical application in the real world of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Haoshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Jiale Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qihao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China.
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Zhang F, Chen Y, Shi X, Lu M, Qin K, Qin F, Guo R, Feng Q. Characterization of the microbial community and prediction of metabolic functions in an anaerobic/oxic system with magnetic micropolystyrene as a biocarrier. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108023-108034. [PMID: 37743451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) and magnetic polystyrene (MPS) materials have been used extensively in wastewater treatment. In this research, a 55-day anaerobic/oxic process was carried out to evaluate the effects of PS and MPS on microorganisms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed differences in the entanglement state of the sludge with the biocarrier due to differences in surface morphology. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the microbial communities differed considerably in the presence of PS and MPS addition under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The highest abundance and diversity were observed in the PS reactor, with 929 observed species and a PD_whole_tree index of 91.58 under anaerobic conditions. MPS promoted the enrichment of bacteria related to nitrogen recycling such as Nitrospirota which increased from 1.13% in the seeding sludge to 3.48% and 10.07% in the aerobic reactors with PS and MPS, respectively. Moreover, advanced analysis showed that PS inhibited many microbial functions (e.g., protein export, nitrogen metabolism), and MPS alleviated this inhibition. This study provides significant insights into the microbial effects of PS and MPS and may shed light on biocarrier selection in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Shi
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyi Lu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Qin
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Qin
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongbo Guo
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Feng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
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Liang K, Liu T, Quan X. Simultaneous removal of refractory organic pollutants and nitrogen using electron shuttle suspended biofilm carriers in an integrated hydrolysis/acidification-anoxic/aerobic process. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138946. [PMID: 37196792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes wastewater contains refractory pollutant and nitrogen, which threatens human health and ecological environment when discharged into environment directly. Electron shuttle (ES) is able to participate in the extracellular electron transfer, and thus enhances the removal efficiency of refractory pollutant. However, the continuous dosing of soluble ES would rise operation cost and cause contamination inevitably. In this study, a type of insoluble ES (carbonylated graphene oxide (C-GO)) was developed and melt blended into polyethylene (PE) to prepare novel C-GO-modified suspended carriers. Compared to those of conventional carrier (31.60%), the surface active sites of novel C-GO-modified carrier increased to 52.95%. An integrated hydrolysis/acidification (HA, filled with C-GO-modified carrier) - anoxic/aerobic (AO, filled with clinoptilolite-modified carrier) process was applied to remove azo dye acid red B (ARB) and nitrogen simultaneously. ARB removal efficiency was significantly improved in the reactor filled with C-GO-modified carriers (HA2) compared to the reactor filled with conventional PE carriers (HA1) or activated sludge (HA0). Total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of the proposed process increased by 25.95-32.64% compared to the reactor filled with activated sludge. Moreover, the intermediates of ARB were identified by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), and the degradation pathway of ARB through ES was proposed. C-GO-modified carriers induced ARB-removal-related bacterial enrichment (such as Chloroflexi, Lactivibrio, Longilinea, Bacteroidales and Anaerolineaceae). Besides, the relative abundance of denitrifiers and nitrifiers in the AO reactor filled with clinoptilolite-modified carrier was increased by 11.60% compared with activated sludge. Copy numbers of genes related to membrane transport, carbon/energy metabolism and nitrogen metabolism increased significantly on the surface-modified carriers. This study proposed an efficient approach for simultaneous azo dyes and nitrogen removal, showing potential in actual application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Gürtekin E. Optimization of synthetic domestic wastewater treatment performance in anoxic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor with zeolite addition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:525-537. [PMID: 37073446 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2199655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, treatment performance was investigated based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) parameters in a zeolite-added anoxic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model treatment performance, determine the impact of operating conditions, and optimize them. The effect of zeolite size, dosage and COD/NH4+-N (C/N) ratio as operating parameters were evaluated in the central composite design (CCD). Variance analysis (ANOVA) results of the quadratic model, high coefficients of determination and low values of the root mean square error (RMSE) for dependent variables indicated the validity of the model in predicting experimental results. The desirability function showed that optimum conditions were 0.80 mm for zeolite size, 3.05 g/L for zeolite dosage and 9.8 for C/N. Under these conditions, the maximum COD, NH4+-N, TIN removal efficiencies and SND efficiency were 92.85%, 93.3%, 77.33% and 82.96%, respectively. The results of the study showed that the most effective independent variable on dependent variables was the C/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Gürtekin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Zhao W, Bi X, Bai M, Wang Y. Research advances of ammonia oxidation microorganisms in wastewater: metabolic characteristics, microbial community, influencing factors and process applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:621-633. [PMID: 36988685 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia oxidation carried out by ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) is a central step in the global nitrogen cycle. Aerobic AOMs comprise conventional ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), novel ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), which could exist in complex and extreme conditions, and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox), which directly oxidize ammonia to nitrate within a single cell. Anaerobic AOMs mainly comprise anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), which can transform NH4+-N and NO2--N into N2 under anaerobic conditions. In this review, the unique metabolic characteristics, microbial community of AOMs and the influencing factors are discussed. Process applications of nitrification/denitrification, nitritation/denitrification, nitritation/anammox and partial denitrification/anammox in wastewater treatment systems are emphasized. The future development of nitrogen removal processes using AOMs is expected, enrichment of comammox facilitates the complete nitrification performance, inhibiting the activity of comammox and NOB could achieve stable nitritation, and additionally, AnAOB conducting the anammox process in municipal wastewater is a promising development direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China.
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China.
- Qingdao University of Technology, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266525, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Bi
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Bai
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China
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Liu T, Li Q, Quan X. Step-feed sequence batch reactor filled with surface-modified carriers can enhance nitrogen removal from low C/N ratio wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Characterization of Achromobacter denitrificans QHR-5 for heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification with iron oxidation function isolated from BSIS:Nitrogen removal performance and enhanced SND capability of BSIS. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Huang R, Meng T, Liu G, Gao S, Tian J. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in membrane bioreactor: Effect of dissolved oxygen. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116183. [PMID: 36088763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactor with the floc activated sludge (mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) = 7500 mg/L) was constructed in this work for simultaneously nitrification and denitrification (SND). The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) on SND process and the nitrogen pathways were investigated. The average TN removal efficiencies were 63.05%, 91.17%, 87.04% and 70.02% for DO 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/L systems, respectively. The effluent ammonia concentration was continuously lower than 5.0 mg/L when the DO was higher than 1 mg/L. Nitrogen in DO 1 and DO 2 mg/L systems was mainly removed via the SND process. The rise of DO concentration increased the abundance of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and Nitrospira was the predominant NOB in all the four MBRs. Dechloromonas and Azoarcus were the dominant denitrifying bacteria (DNB) in DO 1 systems responsible for nitrite denitrification. The dominant aerobic DNB Pseudomonas also contributed SND via nitrate denitrification and was little affected by DO changes. Nitrate reductase was the main enzyme for the reduction of NO3--N to NO2--N, and narG was the main responsible gene. Nitrite oxidoreductase was the main enzyme for the oxidation of NO2--N to NO3--N, and nxrA was the main responsible gene in all the four MBR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China; Guangdong GDH Water Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, 518021, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Tongyang Meng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Gaige Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Shanshan Gao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
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