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Alweshah M, Aldabbas Y, Abu-Salih B, Oqeil S, Hasan HS, Alkhalaileh S, Kassaymeh S. Hybrid black widow optimization with iterated greedy algorithm for gene selection problems. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20133. [PMID: 37809602 PMCID: PMC10559925 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene Selection (GS) is a strategy method targeted at reducing redundancy, limited expressiveness, and low informativeness in gene expression datasets obtained by DNA Microarray technology. These datasets contain a plethora of diverse and high-dimensional samples and genes, with a significant discrepancy in the number of samples and genes present. The complexities of GS are especially noticeable in the context of microarray expression data analysis, owing to the inherent data imbalance. The main goal of this study is to offer a simplified and computationally effective approach to dealing with the conundrum of attribute selection in microarray gene expression data. We use the Black Widow Optimization algorithm (BWO) in the context of GS to achieve this, using two unique methodologies: the unaltered BWO variation and the hybridized BWO variant combined with the Iterated Greedy algorithm (BWO-IG). By improving the local search capabilities of BWO, this hybridization attempts to promote more efficient gene selection. A series of tests was carried out using nine benchmark datasets that were obtained from the gene expression data repository in the pursuit of empirical validation. The results of these tests conclusively show that the BWO-IG technique performs better than the traditional BWO algorithm. Notably, the hybridized BWO-IG technique excels in the efficiency of local searches, making it easier to identify relevant genes and producing findings with higher levels of reliability in terms of accuracy and the degree of gene pruning. Additionally, a comparison analysis is done against five modern wrapper Feature Selection (FS) methodologies, namely BIMFOHHO, BMFO, BHHO, BCS, and BBA, in order to put the suggested BWO-IG method's effectiveness into context. The comparison that follows highlights BWO-IG's obvious superiority in reducing the number of selected genes while also obtaining remarkably high classification accuracy. The key findings were an average classification accuracy of 94.426, average fitness values of 0.061, and an average number of selected genes of 2933.767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alweshah
- Prince Abdullah Bin Ghazi Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Yasmeen Aldabbas
- Prince Abdullah Bin Ghazi Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Bilal Abu-Salih
- Department of Computer Science, King Abdullah II School of Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saleh Oqeil
- Prince Abdullah Bin Ghazi Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Hazem S. Hasan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Saleh Alkhalaileh
- Prince Abdullah Bin Ghazi Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Sofian Kassaymeh
- Software Engineering Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
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Yadav T, Mishra G. Effect of victim relatedness on cannibalistic behaviour of ladybird beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Behav Processes 2023; 206:104835. [PMID: 36706823 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cannibalism is taxonomically widespread and has a large impact on the individuals' fitness and population dynamics. Thus, identifying how the rates of cannibalism are affected by different ecological cues is crucial for predicting species evolution and population dynamics. In current experiment, we investigated how victim relatedness affects the cannibalistic tendencies of different life stages of ladybird, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, which is highly cannibalistic. We provided larval instars and newly emerged adults of C. sexmaculata with a choice of sibling, half-sibling and non-sibling conspecific eggs as victim of cannibalism. First victim cannibalised and latency to cannibalise were observed along with total number of victims cannibalised after 24 h. First preference of victim did not differ with life stages of the cannibals though the number of victims cannibalized did increase with advancement in stage. Percent egg cannibalism also varied significantly with life stage and victim relatedness. First and second instars tend to cannibalise more percentage of sibling and non-sibling eggs while third instars cannibalised more percentage of non-sibling eggs; fourth instars and adults on the other hand cannibalised highest percentage of eggs irrespective of their relatedness. Insignificant effect of victim relatedness was observed on latency to cannibalise eggs, though it varied significantly with the cannibal's life stage. Shortest latency to cannibalise was recorded for first instars and longest for adults and second instars. In conclusion, kin recognition and avoidance of cannibalism is stage-specific, with fourth instar and newly emerged adults being less discriminatory as compared to early stages owing to increased evolutionary survival pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Yadav
- Research Scholar, Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
| | - Geetanjali Mishra
- Professor, Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
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Yazawa K, Mizukami S, Aoki M, Tamada Y. Electrospinning of spider silk‐based nanofibers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Yazawa
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda Nagano Japan
- Division of Biological and Medical Fiber, Institute for Fiber Engineering Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University Ueda Nagano Japan
| | - Saeka Mizukami
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda Nagano Japan
| | - Masaaki Aoki
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda Nagano Japan
| | - Yasushi Tamada
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda Nagano Japan
- Division of Biological and Medical Fiber, Institute for Fiber Engineering Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University Ueda Nagano Japan
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Wignall AE, Soley FG. Assassin bugs can reduce the aggression of their spider prey before an attack. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Predators that hunt dangerous prey require specialized predatory tactics to avoid counter-attack. Usually, these predatory tactics reduce the probability of detection. The assassin bugs Stenolemus bituberus and S. giraffa rely on stealth or mimicry to prey on dangerous web-building spiders. Paradoxically, however, these assassin bugs tap the spiders with their antennae prior to attacking, leaving the bugs vulnerable to detection and counter-attack. Here, we tested the function of prey tapping. We used a controlled, repeated-measures experiment to assess the responses of spiders (Pholcus phalangioides) to simulated prey and compared their responses after being tapped on the leg (mimicking tapping by Stenolemus) or sham-tapped. We show that tapping can reduce the likelihood that spiders will behave aggressively, in turn lowering the risks of injury for assassin bug predators. Tapping may be an adaptation to reduce intraspecific aggression in prey that is being exploited by their predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Wignall
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Fernando G Soley
- Organization for Tropical Studies, Apartado 676-2050, San José, Costa Rica
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA 6106, Australia
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Gutiérrez Y, Fresch M, Ott D, Brockmeyer J, Scherber C. Diet composition and social environment determine food consumption, phenotype and fecundity in an omnivorous insect. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200100. [PMID: 32431901 PMCID: PMC7211883 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is the single most important factor for individual's growth and reproduction. Consequently, the inability to reach the nutritional optimum imposes severe consequences for animal fitness. Yet, under natural conditions, organisms may face a mixture of stressors that can modulate the effects of nutritional asymmetry. For instance, stressful environments caused by intense interaction with conspecifics. Here, we subjected the house cricket Acheta domesticus to (i) either of two types of diet that have proved to affect cricket performance and (ii) simultaneously manipulated their social environment throughout their complete life cycle. We aimed to track sex-specific consequences for multiple traits during insect development throughout all life stages. Both factors affected critical life-history traits with potential population-level consequences: diet composition induced strong effects on insect development time, lifespan and fitness, while the social environment affected the number of nymphs that completed development, food consumption and whole-body lipid content. Additionally, both factors interactively determined female body mass. Our results highlight that insects may acquire and invest resources in a different manner when subjected to an intense interaction with conspecifics or when isolated. Furthermore, while only diet composition affected individual reproductive output, the social environment would determine the number of reproductive females, thus indirectly influencing population performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeisson Gutiérrez
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marion Fresch
- Institute for Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Ott
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Scherber
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Extreme developmental synchrony reduces sibling cannibalism in the black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Garcia AMC, Arcuri HA, Esteves FG, Salles HC, Lubec G, Palma MS. Silkomics: Insight into the Silk Spinning Process of Spiders. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1179-93. [PMID: 26923066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proteins from the silk-producing glands were identified using both a bottom-up gel-based proteomic approach as well as from a shotgun proteomic approach. Additionally, the relationship between the functions of identified proteins and the spinning process was studied. A total of 125 proteins were identified in the major ampullate, 101 in the flagelliform, 77 in the aggregate, 75 in the tubuliform, 68 in the minor ampullate, and 23 in aciniform glands. On the basis of the functional classification using Gene Ontology, these proteins were organized into seven different groups according to their general function: (i) web silk proteins-spidroins, (ii) proteins related to the folding/conformation of spidroins, (iii) proteins that protect silk proteins from oxidative stress, (iv) proteins involved in fibrillar preservation of silks in the web, (v) proteins related to ion transport into and out of the glands during silk fiber spinning, (vi) proteins involved in prey capture and pre-digestion, and (vii) housekeeping proteins from all of the glands. Thus, a general mechanism of action for the identified proteins in the silk-producing glands from the Nephila clavipes spider was proposed; the current results also indicate that the webs play an active role in prey capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Aparecido Dos Santos-Pinto
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ana Maria Caviquioli Garcia
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil
| | - Helen Andrade Arcuri
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil
| | - Franciele Grego Esteves
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil
| | - Heliana Clara Salles
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Center of Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro, São Paulo 13500, Brazil
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Guimarães IDC, Cardoso CAL, Lima SM, Andrade LHDC, Antonialli Junior WF. Chemical signals might mediate interactions between females and juveniles of Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae: Theridiidae). Behav Processes 2016; 126:27-35. [PMID: 26955918 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies related to communication on spiders show that, as in other invertebrates, the interactions between conspecifics are also made through chemical signals. Therefore, in order to assess whether the composition of cuticular compounds might be involved in interactions that occur during the days after the emergence of juveniles in Latrodectus geometricus, we conducted behavioral and cuticular chemical profiles analysis of females and juveniles of different ages. The results show that females, regardless of their reproductive state, tolerate juveniles of other females with up to 40 days post-emergence and attack juveniles of 80 days post-emergence. Cuticlar chemical analysis shows that while the profile of juveniles is similar to adult's profile, they can remain in the web without being confused with threat or prey. Also, cuticular chemical profiles vary between different populations probably due to genetic and environmental differences or similarities between them. Finally, females in incubation period are able to detect the presence of eggs within any egg sac, but cannot distinguish egg sacs produced by conspecifics from the ones they had produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid de Carvalho Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 351, 79804-970 Dourados-MS, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 351, 79804-970 Dourados-MS, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Marcio Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 351, 79804-970 Dourados-MS, Brazil.
| | - Luis Humberto da Cunha Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 351, 79804-970 Dourados-MS, Brazil.
| | - William Fernnando Antonialli Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 351, 79804-970 Dourados-MS, Brazil.
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