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Bikker J, MacDougall-Shackleton H, Bragg LM, Servos MR, Wong BBM, Balshine S. Impacts of caffeine on fathead minnow behaviour and physiology. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:106982. [PMID: 38861791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Pollution from regularly used substances such as pharmaceuticals, cleaning agents, and even food and beverages is an increasing problem in the environment. Caffeine, a commonly ingested stimulant, is one such contaminant that has been detected in aquatic environments worldwide. Yet, little is known about how ecologically relevant concentrations of caffeine influence the morphology, behaviour, and physiology of exposed organisms. To address this knowledge gap, we exposed fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to three caffeine treatments: a freshwater control (nominal: 0 ng/L), a low (nominal: 1,000 ng/L) and high environmentally relevant dose (nominal: 10,000 ng/L), for 35 days. We tested the learning abilities, anxiety, metabolic rates, and morphological features of exposed vs. control fish. Caffeine exposure did not affect the ability of fish to learn but did influence anxiety levels. Over the course of repeated anxiety testing, unexposed control fish visited a black square more often while fish exposed to low levels of caffeine did not, potentially indicating that these fish remained in a more anxious state. While caffeine did not impact metabolism, fish growth, or body size, it was associated with lower liver investment-although this response was only observed in our low caffeine treatment. Overall, our results suggest that even relatively low concentrations of caffeine may impact the liver size and anxiety of exposed fish, but further research is needed to assess how extended exposure to caffeine impacts fitness. Given the increase in anthropogenic contaminants in aquatic environments, it is important that we continue to investigate their effects on the organisms exposed to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bikker
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Helen MacDougall-Shackleton
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Leslie M Bragg
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Melbourne, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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2
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Martinez O, Sire S, Saunier A, Malgouyres JM, Fournier A, Vignet C. Behavioral responses of three freshwater planaria species to light, visual and olfactory stimuli: Setting the stage for further ecotoxicological studies. Behav Processes 2020; 183:104295. [PMID: 33383124 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Planarians are freshwater flatworms commonly used as environmental bioindicator due to their sensitivity of response and their ease of culturing in lab. Nevertheless, to date, very few studies describing their behavior have been led. This work aims to fill the literature gap by providing preliminary results through six behavioral challenges (locomotion, exploration, light stress, planarian light/dark test, shoaling and foraging) conducted with three different species Dugesia tigrina, Schmidtea mediterranea and Schmidtea polychroa. The behavioral responses of every species in each of these six assays were recorded and differences between species were highlighted, depending on the assays and conditions. Schmidtea polychroa is less active than the two others and had the highest light aversion. Reactions observed in response to diverse and realistic stimuli helped us to select the most suitable tests and choose the species that seem the most appropriate for future ecotoxicological and neurophysiological tests. Four tests - out of the six tested- seem reliable in order to standardize planarian behavioral tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Martinez
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000, Albi, France
| | - Sacha Sire
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000, Albi, France
| | - Alice Saunier
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000, Albi, France
| | - Jean-Michel Malgouyres
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000, Albi, France
| | - Alice Fournier
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000, Albi, France
| | - Caroline Vignet
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000, Albi, France.
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Mundy PC, Carte MF, Brander SM, Hung TC, Fangue N, Connon RE. Bifenthrin exposure causes hyperactivity in early larval stages of an endangered fish species at concentrations that occur during their hatching season. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105611. [PMID: 32949974 PMCID: PMC7938764 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in agricultural and urban sectors, and is found in watersheds worldwide. As a sodium channel blocker, at sublethal concentrations it causes off-target effects, including disruption of calcium signaling and neuronal growth. At the whole organism level, sublethal concentrations of bifenthrin cause behavioral effects in fish species, raising concerns about the neurotoxic properties of the compound on fish populations. Here we describe the application of a high-throughput behavioral system to evaluate contaminant impacts on the sensitive early-life stages of Delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a critically endangered teleost species endemic to the San Francisco Bay Delta (SFBD), California, USA. Leveraging the natural behavior of early-larval Delta smelt, whereby they increase movement in bright light and decrease movement in the dark, we developed a test using a cycle of light and dark periods in a closed chamber to test hyper- or hypoactivity for this species. We show that early-larval Delta smelt have a significant preference to move toward light, and utilized the behavioral test to evaluate the impact of exposure to bifenthrin at concentrations found in habitats where Delta smelt reportedly spawn, ranging up to concentrations detected in tributaries to these habitats. All tested concentrations of bifenthrin (nominal 2, 10, or 100 ng/L) caused hyperactivity, over a 96 h exposure, with noted significance determined during the light period of the test. To further understand the impact of bifenthrin exposure, expression of a suite of genes relevant to neurodevelopment, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and biotransformation in exposed larvae were also measured. Following exposure to picomolar concentrations of bifenthrin, expression of genes in the mTOR signaling and neurogenesis pathways were altered alongside behavior. This study demonstrates how light and dark cycle behavioral tests can be used to assess sensitive alterations in swimming activity in Delta smelt at early developmental stages and how gene expression can complement these assays. This approach can be used to assess the impact of multiple compounds that occur within the restricted habitat of Delta smelt, thus having the potential to greatly inform conservation management strategies for this critically sensitive life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige C Mundy
- Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - Meggie F Carte
- Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616 CA, USA; Department of Biology, University of Namur, de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Susanne M Brander
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tien-Chieh Hung
- Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nann Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616 CA, USA.
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4
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Qiu N, Xu C, Wang X, Hou M, Xia Z, Wang J. Chemicals Weaken Shoal Preference in the Rare Minnow Gobiocypris rarus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2018-2027. [PMID: 32681662 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish behavioral responses are sensitive to chemicals in the water. We tested rare minnow tested for their shoal preference, and the shoal (school) factors including nutritional status, body size, and shoal (school) size that can make their preference most stable were measured. Then shoal preference was measured again while fish and shoal were subjected to a concentration gradient of chemicals (cadmium ion [Cd2+ ], tricaine methanesulfonate [MS222], and p-chloroaniline). The results showed that single rare minnow preferred shoals over blank control tanks. In addition, this preference was most stable when the shoal was well fed and contained 20 individuals 2 cm long. Although there was no significant response after exposure to p-chloroaniline, the time spent from entering the tank to start moving decreased greatly at concentrations of Cd2+ >3 mg/L and MS222 >11 mg/L. The time the test fish spent close to the shoal significantly decreased at Cd2+ >3 mg/L, MS222 >11 mg/L, and p-chloroaniline >10 mg/L, and the frequency of boundary line crossing increased at the same concentrations. The behavioral parameters changed by 20, 5, and 8 min once the lowest-observed-effect concentrations of Cd2+ , MS222, and p-chloroaniline, respectively, were added. Our study provides useful information on rare minnow shoal preference that may be used for a biological early warning system. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2018-2027. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qiu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsen Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhen Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Miaomiao Hou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhijun Xia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Steele WB, Kristofco LA, Corrales J, Saari GN, Haddad SP, Gallagher EP, Kavanagh TJ, Kostal J, Zimmerman JB, Voutchkova-Kostal A, Anastas P, Brooks BW. Comparative behavioral toxicology with two common larval fish models: Exploring relationships among modes of action and locomotor responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1587-1600. [PMID: 30021323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral responses inform toxicology studies by rapidly and sensitively detecting molecular initiation events that propagate to physiological changes in individuals. These behavioral responses can be unique to chemical specific mechanisms and modes of action (MOA) and thus present diagnostic utility. In an initial effort to explore the use of larval fish behavioral response patterns in screening environmental contaminants for toxicity and to identify behavioral responses associated with common chemical specific MOAs, we employed the two most common fish models, the zebrafish and the fathead minnow, to define toxicant induced swimming activity alterations during interchanging photoperiods. Though the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a common model for aquatic toxicology research and regulatory toxicology practice, this model has received little attention in behavioral studies compared to the zebrafish, a common biomedical model. We specifically compared behavioral responses among 7 different chemicals (1-heptanol, phenol, R-(-)-carvone, citalopram, diazinon, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and xylazine) that were selected and classified based on anticipated MOA (nonpolar narcosis, polar narcosis, electrophile, specific mechanism) according to traditional approaches to examine whether these comparative responses differ among chemicals with various structure-based predicted toxicity. Following standardized experimental guidelines, zebrafish embryos and fathead minnow larvae were exposed for 96 h to each compound then were observed using digital behavioral analysis. Behavioral observations included photomotor responses, distance traveled, and stimulatory, refractory and cruising locomotor activity. Though fathead minnow larvae displayed greater behavioral sensitivity to 1-heptanol, phenol and citalopram, zebrafish were more sensitive to diazinon and R-(-)-carvone. Both fish models were equally sensitive to xylazine and PTZ. Further, the pharmaceuticals citalopram and xylazine significantly affected behavior at therapeutic hazard values, and each of the seven chemicals elicited unique behavioral response profiles. Larval fish behaviors appear useful as early tier diagnostics to identify mechanisms and pathways associated with diverse biological activities for chemicals lacking mechanistic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Lauren A Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Samuel P Haddad
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Jakub Kostal
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA.
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6
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Lavelle C, Smith LC, Bisesi JH, Yu F, Silva-Sanchez C, Moraga-Amador D, Buerger AN, Garcia-Reyero N, Sabo-Attwood T, Denslow ND. Tissue-Based Mapping of the Fathead Minnow ( Pimephales promelas) Transcriptome and Proteome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:611. [PMID: 30459712 PMCID: PMC6232228 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Omics approaches are broadly used to explore endocrine and toxicity-related pathways and functions. Nevertheless, there is still a significant gap in knowledge in terms of understanding the endocrine system and its numerous connections and intricate feedback loops, especially in non-model organisms. The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a widely used small fish model for aquatic toxicology and regulatory testing, particularly in North America. A draft genome has been published, but the amount of available genomic or transcriptomic information is still far behind that of other more broadly studied species, such as the zebrafish. Here, we used a proteogenomics approach to survey the tissue-specific proteome and transcriptome profiles in adult male fathead minnow. To do so, we generated a draft transcriptome using short and long sequencing reads from liver, testis, brain, heart, gill, head kidney, trunk kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. We identified 30,378 different putative transcripts overall, with the assembled contigs ranging in size from 264 to over 9,720 nts. Over 17,000 transcripts were >1,000 nts, suggesting a robust transcriptome that can be used to interpret RNA sequencing data in the future. We also performed RNA sequencing and proteomics analysis on four tissues, including the telencephalon, hypothalamus, liver, and gastrointestinal tract of male fish. Transcripts ranged from 0 to 600,000 copies per gene and a large portion were expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Specifically, the telencephalon and hypothalamus shared the most expressed genes, while the gastrointestinal tract and the liver were quite distinct. Using protein profiling techniques, we identified a total of 4,045 proteins in the four tissues investigated, and their tissue-specific expression pattern correlated with the transcripts at the pathway level. Similarly to the findings with the transcriptomic data, the hypothalamus and telencephalon had the highest degree of similarity in the proteins detected. The main purpose of this analysis was to generate tissue-specific omics data in order to support future aquatic ecotoxicogenomic and endocrine-related studies as well as to improve our understanding of the fathead minnow as an ecological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Lavelle
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ley Cody Smith
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joseph H. Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fahong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Cecilia Silva-Sanchez
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - David Moraga-Amador
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amanda N. Buerger
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, United States
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Nancy D. Denslow
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