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A Case Series of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment for Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206133. [PMID: 36294453 PMCID: PMC9605577 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic illness in which patients do not achieve remission sufficiently with conventional medication. Deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) for OCD neuromodulates the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which are known to be impaired in OCD. While dTMS treatment for OCD has shown effective results overseas, TMS treatment for OCD has rarely been implemented in Japan, and its effectiveness is unknown. We conducted an FDA-approved dTMS protocol to 26 patients with OCD. In addition, individual exposure stimulation that elicited each patient’s obsessive thoughts was also combined during dTMS treatment. Before and after 30 sessions of TMS treatment, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to assess changes in the severity of each patient’s obsessive-compulsive disorder. Response to dTMS treatment in patients with OCD was determined by whether the total score on the Y-BOCS after a course of treatment was reduced by 30% or more compared with the score at baseline. The percentage of responders in this case series following the 30 sessions of dTMS treatment was 53.9%. In addition, total Y-BOCS scores and scores on each item were significantly improved. The percent changes in total Y-BOCS scores did not differ between the sexes or between on- and off-medication patients. No obvious adverse events were observed in this case series. In line with the results of TMS studies for OCD patients reported overseas, dTMS treatment for Japanese patients with OCD may have a favorable therapeutic effect.
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Hawley LL, Rector NA, Segal ZV. The Relative Impact of Cognitive and Behavioral Skill Comprehension and Use During CBT for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rostami R, Kazemi R, Jabbari A, Madani AS, Rostami H, Taherpour MA, Molavi P, Jaafari N, Kuo MF, Vicario CM, Nitsche MA, Salehinejad MA. Efficacy and clinical predictors of response to rTMS treatment in pharmacoresistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): a retrospective study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:372. [PMID: 32677923 PMCID: PMC7364645 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been promising and approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2018, but effects differ between patients. Knowledge about clinical predictors of rTMS response may help to increase clinical efficacy but is not available so far. METHODS In a retrospective study, we investigated the efficacy of rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or supplementary motor area (SMA) in 65 pharmaco-resistant OCD outpatients recruited for rTMS treatment from July 2015 to May 2017. Patients received either SMA rTMS (n = 38) or bilateral DLPFC rTMS (n = 27) in case of reporting higher affective and depressive symptoms in addition to the primary OCD symptoms. OCD symptoms and depression/anxiety states were measured at baseline (before the 1st session) and after the 20th session of rTMS. Additionally, we performed a binary logistic regression analysis on the demographic and clinical variables based on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) 3-factor and 2-factor models and individual items to investigate potential predictors of rTMS response. RESULTS Patients' scores in Y-BOCS and Beck anxiety/depression inventories were significantly decreased following rTMS treatment. 46.2% of all patients responded to rTMS, based on the criterion of at least a 30% reduction in Y-BOCS scores. There was no significant difference between response rates of patients in DLPFC and SMA groups. No significant demographic predictors of rTMS efficacy were identified. The factors "obsession severity", "resistance" and "disturbance" and the "interference due to obsessions" and "resistance against compulsions" items of the Y-BOCS significantly predicted response to rTMS. CONCLUSIONS In patients with less intrusive/interfering thoughts, and low scores in the "obsession severity", "disturbance", and "resistance" factors, rTMS might have superior effects. Identifying clinical and non-clinical predictors of response is relevant to personalize and adapt rTMS protocols in pharmaco-resistant OCD patients. Interpretation of rTMS efficacy should be done with caution due to the lack of a sham intervention condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rostami
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
- Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Centre, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Kazemi
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Centre, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Jabbari
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Centre, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Sadat Madani
- Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Centre, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychology, University of Shahed, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Parviz Molavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nematollah Jaafari
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Intersectorielle en Psychiatrie Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021, Poitiers, France
- Univ. Poitiers & CHU Poitiers, INSERM U1084, Laboratoire Expérimental et Clinique en Neurosciences, 86021, Poitiers, France
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carmelo M Vicario
- University of Messina, Department of Cognitive Science, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Ruhr-University Bochum, International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Bochum, Germany
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Falkenstein MJ, Schreck M, Potluri S, Nota JA, Kelley KN, Beard C, Elias JA. Longitudinal Relations of Obsessive Beliefs, Obsessions, and Compulsions During Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Obsessions are strongly related to eating disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa. Eat Behav 2019; 34:101298. [PMID: 31176948 PMCID: PMC6708491 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are highly comorbid. However, little research has examined which specific cognitive-behavioral aspects (e.g., checking, obsessing) of OCD are most relevant in those with AN. Furthermore, there is no research examining aspects of OCD in Atypical AN. The current two studies (N = 139 and N = 115 individuals diagnosed with AN/Atypical AN) examined a) which aspects of OCD were most related to AN symptomatology and b) if there were differences in OCD between individuals diagnosed with AN vs Atypical AN. We found that obsessing was most related to AN symptoms. We also found that there were no substantial significant differences between AN and Atypical AN. These findings add to the literature suggesting minimal differences between AN and Atypical AN, specifically regarding OCD symptomatology. These findings clarify that obsessions (rather than compulsions) may be the specific aspect of OCD most warranting treatment intervention in AN and Atypical AN.
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