Voltammetric behavior of ketoconazole and its determination in cosmetic preparation using a β-cyclodextrin modified glassy carbon electrode

A New Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Ketoconazole Using Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Sheaf-like Ce-BTC MOF Nanostructure and Ionic Liquid

An ultrasensitive and selective voltammetric sensor with an ultratrace-level detection limit is introduced for ketoconazole (KTC) determination in real samples using a modified carbon paste electrode with a sheaf-like Ce-BTC MOF nanostructure and ionic liquid. The as-synthesized nanostructure was characterized by several techniques, including energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The electrocatalytic performance of the developed electrode was observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and chronoamperometry. The limit of detection (LOD) of the developed sensor for KTC is 0.04 μM, and the response was found to be in the dynamic concentration range of 0.1-110.0 μM in a phosphate buffer solution. The proposed electrode exhibits acceptable electrocatalytic activity for KTC oxidation with a high sensitivity of 0.1342 μA·μM^-1. The ability of the fabricated sensor to monitor KTC in real aqueous samples is demonstrated using standard addition data.

Electrochemical Investigation of Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and its Application in Ketoconazole Determination

Ketoconazole (KCZ) is an extensively used antifungal compound and is an active ingredient of anti-scaling shampoos, pomades, and skin ointments. In this work, the cyclic voltammetric behaviour of KCZ was studied with a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The conditions for KCZ determination with GC/AuNP were optimised to achieve the best possible response. A pre-adsorption voltage of –1.6 V, a deposition time of 120 s, pH 4.0, and stirring of the KCZ solution during deposition were chosen as the optimum conditions for KCZ determination. The anodic peak at 0.697 V was used for KCZ determination. A linear concentration range of 20–100 μM (R2 = 0.9986) and a detection limit of 2.3 μM (3σ) was achieved for KCZ using the GC/AuNP electrode.