1
|
Khan M, Khan M, Al-hamoud K, Adil SF, Shaik MR, Alkhathlan HZ. Diversity of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad Seeds Extracts: Detailed Chemical Profiling and Evaluation of Their Medicinal Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:567. [PMID: 36771651 PMCID: PMC9919198 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seeds and fruits of Citrullus colocynthis have been reported to possess huge potential for the development of phytopharmaceuticals with a wide range of biological activities. Thus, in the current study, we are reporting the potential antimicrobial and anticancer properties of C. colocynthis seeds extracted with solvents of different polarities, including methanol (M.E.), hexane (H.E.), and chloroform (C.E.). Antimicrobial properties of C. colocynthis seeds extracts were evaluated on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, whereas, anticancer properties were tested on four different cell lines, including HepG2, DU145, Hela, and A549. All the extracts have demonstrated noteworthy antimicrobial activities with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.9-62.5 µg/mL against Klebsiella planticola and Staphylococcus aureus; meanwhile, they were found to be moderately active (MIC 62.5-250 µg/mL) against Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus strains. Hexane extracts have demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity against K. planticola with an MIC value of 0.9 µg/mL, equivalent to that of the standard drug ciprofloxacin used as positive control in this study. For anticancer activity, all the extracts of C. colocynthis seeds were found to be active against all the tested cell lines (IC50 48.49-197.96 µg/mL) except for the chloroform extracts, which were found to be inactive against the HepG2 cell line. The hexane extract was found to possess the most prominent anticancer activity when compared to other extracts and has demonstrated the highest anticancer activity against the DU145 cell line with an IC50 value of 48.49 µg/mL. Furthermore, a detailed phytoconstituents analysis of all the extracts of C. colocynthis seeds were performed using GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. Altogether, 43 phytoconstituents were identified from the extracts of C. colocynthis seeds, among which 21, 12, and 16 components were identified from the H.E., C.E., and M.E. extracts, respectively. Monoterpenes (40.4%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (41.1%) were the most dominating chemical class of compounds from the hexane and chloroform extracts, respectively; whereas, in the methanolic extract, oxygenated aliphatic hydrocarbons (77.2%) were found to be the most dominating chemical class of compounds. To the best of our knowledge, all the phytoconstituents identified in this study are being reported for the first time from the C. colocynthis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Teaima MH, Abdel-Haleem KM, Osama R, El-Nabarawi MA, Elnahas OS. A Promising Single Oral Disintegrating Tablet for Co-Delivery of Pitavastatin Calcium and Lornoxicam Using Co-Processed Excipients: Formulation, Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Study. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4229-4242. [PMID: 34675486 PMCID: PMC8504706 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s332729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance Statins are an important class of drugs that help to control hyperlipidemia, and one of these statins recently used is pitavastatin calcium (PITA). Nevertheless, the most reported adverse effect of statins is myopathy. Therefore, combining statins with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as Lornoxicam (LORNO) can help in the management of statin-induced myopathy. Purpose This study aimed to formulate and evaluate different oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) containing PITA using different co-processed excipients. The best PITA-ODT was selected and reformulated with the addition of LORNO, forming a single ODT comprising both drugs. The pharmacokinetic parameters of PITA and LORNO in a single ODT were compared to those of the marketed products (Lipidalon® and Lornoxicam®). Methods Eight PITA-ODTs were prepared via direct compression. The prepared PITA-ODTs were evaluated for their weight variation, thickness, breaking force, friability, drug content, and wetting time (WT). In-vitro disintegration time (DT) and dissolution were also evaluated and taken as parameters for selection of the best formula based on the criteria of scoring the fastest DT and highest Q10 min. LORNO was added to the selected PITA-ODT, forming a single ODT (M1) comprising both drugs, which was subjected to an in-vivo pharmacokinetic study using rats as an animal model and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for analysis of both drugs in rat plasma. Results Results showed that all PITA-ODTs had acceptable physical properties in accordance with pharmacospecial standards. PITA-ODT prepared with Pharmaburst® (F2) had significantly (p<0.05) the fastest DT (6.66±1.52 s) and highest Q10 min (79.07±2.02%) and was chosen as the best formula. The in-vivo pharmacokinetic study of M1 formula showed higher percent relative bioavailability (%RB) of 286.7% and 169.73% for PITA and LORNO, respectively, compared with the marketed products. Conclusion The single ODT comprising PITA and LORNO was promising for instant co-delivery of both drugs with higher %RB when compared with the marketed products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Abdel-Haleem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rewan Osama
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama S Elnahas
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hosny KM, Alhakamy NA, Almodhwahi MA, Kurakula M, Almehmady AM, Elgebaly SS. Self-Nanoemulsifying System Loaded with Sildenafil Citrate and Incorporated within Oral Lyophilized Flash Tablets: Preparation, Optimization, and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111124. [PMID: 33233372 PMCID: PMC7700536 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate is a drug used throughout the world primarily to treat erectile dysfunction. Several problems with the commercially available product decrease its efficacy, such as limited solubility, delayed onset of action, and low bioavailability with a large variability in the absorption profile. This study aimed to develop an optimized self-nanoemulsifying lyophilized tablet for the drug to conquer the foresaid problems. Sildenafil solubility in various surfactants, oils, and cosurfactants was attempted. An optimized formulation of a loaded self-nanoemulsion with a small droplet size was developed by applying a special cubic model of the mixture design. Sixteen formulations were prepared and characterized for droplet size. On the basis of solubility studies, a clove oil/oleic acid mixture, polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), and propylene glycol were selected as the proposed oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant, respectively. On the basis of desirability, an optimized sildenafil citrate-loaded self-nanoemulsifying delivery system containing 10% of the oil mixture, 60% of the surfactant, and 30% of the cosurfactant had a droplet size of 65 nm. Subsequently, the tablet form was fabricated with optimum ratios of 0.4% fumed silica, 0.1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and 0.4% sodium starch glycolate. This formula showed satisfactory results in both disintegration and dissolution studies. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies indicated a higher bioavailability (1.44 times) and rapid absorption profile for the study’s tablets compared with commercially available tablets. In conclusion, highly bioavailable oral lyophilized flash tablets of sildenafil were successfully prepared. They will be a good alternative to the conventional solid-dosage form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-656-168-2377
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maeen A. Almodhwahi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Mallesh Kurakula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Alshaimaa M. Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Samar S. Elgebaly
- Department of Medical Engineer, Elko-Medical Company, Algomhoria Street, Cairo 22132, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Physically Optimized Nano-Lipid Carriers Augment Raloxifene and Vitamin D Oral Bioavailability in Healthy Humans for Management of Osteoporosis. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2145-2155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
5
|
Investigating the Potential of Transmucosal Delivery of Febuxostat from Oral Lyophilized Tablets Loaded with a Self-Nanoemulsifying Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060534. [PMID: 32531910 PMCID: PMC7356236 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is the most familiar inflammatory arthritis condition caused by the elevation of uric acid in the bloodstream. Febuxostat (FBX) is the latest drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. FBX is characterized by low solubility resulting in poor gastrointestinal bioavailability. This study aimed at improving the oral bioavailability of FBX by its incorporation into self-nanoemulsifying delivery systems (SNEDS) with minimum globule size and maximum stability index. The SNEDS-incorporated FBX was loaded into a carrier substrate with a large surface area and lyophilized with other excipients to produce a fluffy, porous-like structure tablet for the transmucosal delivery of FBX. The solubility of FBX was studied in various oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants. Extreme vertices design was utilized to optimize FBX-SNEDS, and subsequently loaded into lyophilized tablets along with suitable excipients. The percentages of the main tablet excipients were optimized using a Box–Behnken design to develop self-nanoemulsifying lyophilized tablets (SNELTs) with minimum disintegration time and maximum drug release. The pharmacokinetics parameters of the optimized FBX-SNELTs were tested in healthy human volunteers in comparison with the marketed FBX tablets. The results revealed that the optimized FBX-SNELTs increased the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and decreased the time to reach Cmax (Tmax) with a large area under the curve (AUC) as a result of the enhanced relative oral bioavailability of 146.4%. The significant enhancement of FBX bioavailability is expected to lead to reduced side effects and frequency of administration during the treatment of gout.
Collapse
|
6
|
Badr-Eldin SM, Labib GS, Aburahma MH. Eco-Friendly Tadalafil Surfactant-Free Dry Emulsion Tablets (SFDETs) Stabilized by In Situ Self-Assembled Aggregates of Natural Oil and Native Cyclodextrins. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:255. [PMID: 31321570 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main principles of green chemistry and engineering were extended to pharmaceutical formulations to prepare eco-friendly surfactant-free dry emulsion tablets (SFDETs) devoid of solvents or synthetic surfactants. Surfactant-free emulsions were stabilized by in situ cyclodextrins/sweet almond oil inclusion complexes and assessed for creaming stability. Formulation variables' effects on the emulsion droplet size and tadalafil solubility were studied using 22 × 3 factorial design. The emulsions exhibited nanometric and micrometric droplet sizes. The optimized nanoemulsion was loaded with tadalafil, morphologically evaluated, and utilized for preparing lyophilized SFDETs using different gelatin/Pearlitol® ratios. The tablets were characterized and the selected formulation was subjected to storage for 6 months. The emulsions prepared using β-cyclodextrin or higher concentrations of α-cyclodextrin showed little or no phase separation. Statistical analysis revealed significant influence of cyclodextrin type and amount on droplet size, while cyclodextrin type and oil volume exhibited significant effect on drug solubility. Morphological examination revealed non-aggregated spherical emulsion droplets. The prepared tablets showed satisfactory mechanical strength, short disintegration times, and enhanced drug dissolution. The selected tablet formulation (gelatin/Pearlitol®, 4:2 w/w) showed acceptable stability at 25°C/60% relative humidity. An overall conclusion claims that the absence of surfactants is expected to minimize the proposed tablets' in vivo toxicity and environmental concerns.
Collapse
|
7
|
Optimization of the Factors Affecting the Absorption of Vardenafil from Oral Disintegrating Tablets: A Clinical Pharmacokinetic Investigation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11010011. [PMID: 30609647 PMCID: PMC6358952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of poor solubility and considerable metabolism, vardenafil (VRD) bioavailability is 15%. To overcome this obstacle, this study aimed to increase the solubility, hasten the onset of action, and mask the unpleasant taste of VRD utilizing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and formulation of the inclusion complex as oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs). The solubility of the obtained complexes in various ratios has been studied. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to investigate the influence of excipients on the quality of ODTs. The solubility of VRD was improved at 1:2 drug:β-CD ratio. The formulated VRD-ODTs exhibited satisfying results regarding the hardness and disintegration time. In addition, in vivo taste masking and disintegration time showed improved results, after placing the tablets in the oral cavity of the healthy volunteers. When compared with the marketed tablets, the pharmacokinetic parameters for the optimized VRD-ODTs exhibited a significant improvement with p < 0.05 in the maximum plasma concentration and reduction in the time needed to reach this concentration. Finally, the optimized VRD-ODTs exhibited increased oral absorption of VRD and subsequent decrease in the time of onset of clinical effect and masking the unpleasant taste.
Collapse
|
8
|
Albarahmieh E, Albarahmieh M, Alkhalidi BA. Fabrication of Hierarchical Polymeric Thin Films by Spin Coating Toward Production of Amorphous Solid Dispersion for Buccal Drug Delivery System: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Release Investigations. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:3112-3122. [PMID: 30176251 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The landscape of thin films is continuously evolving as an attractive self-administration mean to drive patient compliance. This work reports incorporation of drugs into various polymeric compositions using spin coating technology to screen amorphous solid dispersion film formation for buccal applications. Polarized light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used for characterization. Physical stability was assessed after films storage at 0% RH/25°C for 6 months. Chlorpheniramine maleate, theophylline, and famotidine were used as model drugs and mixed with Opadry amb II® or Kollicoat IR®. Acryl-EZE II® or Zein was also used as surface (design I) or surface and base polymers (design II). Of all the drug-Opadry combinations, only chlorpheniramine was amorphously dispersed up to 25% (w/w). In contrast, Kollicoat IR® resulted in amorphous dispersions of all the tested drugs, suggesting that it has a better solubilization capacity. Drugs prepared in design II achieved higher in vitro release compared to respective design I, indicating that lower content of Acryl-EZE II® or Zein can decrease drug release over 3 h. It has been also revealed that Zein could improve physical stability of the aged theophylline solid-dispersed films. Release kinetics of model drugs were satisfactory when described by first-order kinetics, facilitated through anomalous transport of both diffusion and polymer swelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra'a Albarahmieh
- Pharmaceutical Chemical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan.
| | - Muthaffer Albarahmieh
- Pharmaceutical Chemical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Bashar A Alkhalidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|