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Li M, Wu J, Geng W, Gao P, Yang Y, Li X, Xu K, Liao Q, Cai K. Interaction pathways of implant metal localized corrosion and macrophage inflammatory reactions. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:355-367. [PMID: 37663618 PMCID: PMC10474585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in immunological responses to metallic species associated with the localized corrosion of metallic implants, and mediating in peri-implant inflammations. Herein, the pathways of localized corrosion-macrophage interactions were systematically investigated on 316L stainless steel (SS) implant metals. Electrochemical monitoring under macrophage-mediated inflammatory conditions showed a decreased pitting corrosion resistance of 316L SSs in the presence of RAW264.7 cells as the cells would disrupt biomolecule adsorbed layer on the metal surface. The pitting potentials were furtherly decreased when the RAW264.7 cells were induced to the M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype by the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and pitting corrosion preferentially initiated at the peripheries of macrophages. The overproduction of aggressive ROS under inflammatory conditions would accelerate the localized corrosion of 316L SS around macrophages. Under pitting corrosion condition, the viability and pro-inflammatory polarization of RAW264.7 cells were region-dependent, lower viability and more remarkable morphology transformation of macrophages in the pitting corrosion region than the pitting-free region. The pitting corrosion of 316L SS induced high expression of CD86, TNF-α, IL-6 and high level of intracellular ROS in macrophages. Uneven release of metallic species (Fe2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, etc) and uneven distribution of surface overpotential stimulated macrophage inflammatory responses near the corrosion pits. A synergetic effect of localized corrosion and macrophages was revealed, which could furtherly promote localized corrosion of 316L SS and macrophage inflammatory reactions. Our results provided direct evidence of corrosion-macrophage interaction in metallic implants and disclosed the pathways of this mutual stimulation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Wenbo Geng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yulu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
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Roman AM, Cimpoeșu R, Pricop B, Lohan NM, Cazacu MM, Bujoreanu LG, Panaghie C, Zegan G, Cimpoeșu N, Murariu AM. Influence of Dynamic Strain Sweep on the Degradation Behavior of FeMnSi-Ag Shape Memory Alloys. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:377. [PMID: 37504873 PMCID: PMC10381450 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-based SMAs can be used in the medical field for both their shape memory effect (SME) and biodegradability after a specific period, solving complicated chirurgical problems that are partially now addressed with shape-memory polymers or biodegradable polymers. Iron-based materials with (28-32 wt %) Mn and (4-6 wt %) Si with the addition of 1 and 2 wt % Ag were obtained using levitation induction melting equipment. Addition of silver to the FeMnSi alloy was proposed in order to enhance its antiseptic property. Structural and chemical composition analyses of the newly obtained alloys were performed by X-ray diffraction (confirming the presence of ε phase), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance was evaluated through immersion tests and electrolyte pH solution variation. Dynamic mechanical solicitations were performed with amplitude sweep performed on the FeMnSi-1Ag and FeMnSi-2Ag samples, including five deformation cycles at 40 °C, with a frequency of 1 Hz, 5 Hz and 20 Hz. These experiments were meant to simulate the usual behavior of some metallic implants subjected to repetitive mechanical loading. Atomic force microscopy was used to analyze the surface roughness before and after the dynamic mechanical analysis test followed by the characterization of the surface profile change by varying dynamic mechanical stress. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed in order to analyze the thermal behavior of the material in the range of -50-+200 °C. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) along with Neaspec nano-FTIR experiments were performed to identify and confirm the corrosion compounds (oxides, hydroxides or carbonates) formed on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Roman
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron 71A, 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Ramona Cimpoeșu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron 71A, 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan Pricop
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron 71A, 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Nicoleta-Monica Lohan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron 71A, 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Marius Mihai Cazacu
- Physics Department, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron 71A, 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Leandru-Gheorghe Bujoreanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron 71A, 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Cătălin Panaghie
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron 71A, 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Georgeta Zegan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy University, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicanor Cimpoeșu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron 71A, 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Alice Mirela Murariu
- Department of Surgicals, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Saliba L, Sammut K, Tonna C, Pavli F, Valdramidis V, Gatt R, Giordmaina R, Camilleri L, Atanasio W, Buhagiar J, Schembri Wismayer P. FeMn and FeMnAg biodegradable alloys: An in vitro and in vivo investigation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15671. [PMID: 37159706 PMCID: PMC10163621 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-based biodegradable metal bone graft substitutes are in their infancy but promise to fill bone defects that arise after incidents such as trauma and revision arthroplasty surgery. Before clinical use however, a better understanding of their in vivo biodegradability, potential cytotoxicity and biocompatibility is required. In addition, these implants must ideally be able to resist infection, a complication of any implant surgery. In this study there was significant in vitro cytotoxicity caused by pure Fe, FeMn, FeMn1Ag and FeMn5Ag on both human foetal osteoblast (hFOB) and mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines. In vivo experiments on the other hand showed no signs of ill-effect on GAERS rats with the implanted FeMn, FeMn1Ag and FeMn5Ag pins being removed largely uncorroded. All Fe-alloys showed anti-bacterial performance but most markedly so in the Ag-containing alloys, there is significant bacterial resistance in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Saliba
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
- Department of Anatomy, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Keith Sammut
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
- Department of Anatomy, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Christabelle Tonna
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Foteini Pavli
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Vasilis Valdramidis
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Ray Gatt
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - Ryan Giordmaina
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - Liberato Camilleri
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - William Atanasio
- Mortuary and Anatomic Pathology Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - Joseph Buhagiar
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
- Corresponding author.
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Ciprofloxacin Release and Corrosion Behaviour of a Hybrid PEO/PCL Coating on Mg3Zn0.4Ca Alloy. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020065. [PMID: 36826864 PMCID: PMC9961533 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a hybrid hierarchical coating (HHC) system comprising a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating and a homogeneously porous structured polycaprolactone (PCL) top-coat layer, loaded with ciprofloxacin (CIP), was developed on Mg3Zn0.4Ca alloy. According to the findings, the HHC system avoided burst release and ensured gradual drug elution (64% over 240 h). The multi-level protection of the magnesium alloy is achieved through sealing of the PEO coating pores by the polymer layer and the inhibiting effect of CIP (up to 74%). The corrosion inhibition effect of HHC and the eluted drug is associated with the formation of insoluble CIP-Me (Mg/Ca) chelates that repair the defects in the HHC and impede the access of corrosive species as corroborated by FTIR spectra, EIS and SEM images after 24 h of immersion. Therefore, CIP participates in an active protection mechanism by interacting with cations coming through the damaged coating.
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Recent Developments in Zn-Based Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:jfb14010001. [PMID: 36662048 PMCID: PMC9865652 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn-based biodegradable alloys or composites have the potential to be developed to next-generation orthopedic implants as alternatives to conventional implants to avoid revision surgeries and to reduce biocompatibility issues. This review summarizes the current research status on Zn-based biodegradable materials. The biological function of Zn, design criteria for orthopedic implants, and corrosion behavior of biodegradable materials are briefly discussed. The performance of many novel zinc-based biodegradable materials is evaluated in terms of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. Zn-based materials perform a significant role in bone metabolism and the growth of new cells and show medium degradation without the release of excessive hydrogen. The addition of alloying elements such as Mg, Zr, Mn, Ca, and Li into pure Zn enhances the mechanical properties of Zn alloys. Grain refinement by the application of post-processing techniques is effective for the development of many suitable Zn-based biodegradable materials.
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Al-Jeda M, Mena-Morcillo E, Chen A. Micro-Sized pH Sensors Based on Scanning Electrochemical Probe Microscopy. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2143. [PMID: 36557442 PMCID: PMC9785626 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring pH changes at the micro/nano scale is essential to gain a fundamental understanding of surface processes. Detection of local pH changes at the electrode/electrolyte interface can be achieved through the use of micro-/nano-sized pH sensors. When combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), these sensors can provide measurements with high spatial resolution. This article reviews the state-of-the-art design and fabrication of micro-/nano-sized pH sensors, as well as their applications based on SECM. Considerations for selecting sensing probes for use in biological studies, corrosion science, in energy applications, and for environmental research are examined. Different types of pH sensitive probes are summarized and compared. Finally, future trends and emerging applications of micro-/nano-sized pH sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aicheng Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54764)
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Krüger JT, Hoyer KP, Huang J, Filor V, Mateus-Vargas RH, Oltmanns H, Meißner J, Grundmeier G, Schaper M. FeMn with Phases of a Degradable Ag Alloy for Residue-Free and Adapted Bioresorbability. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040185. [PMID: 36278654 PMCID: PMC9590034 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bioresorbable materials for temporary implantation enables progress in medical technology. Iron (Fe)-based degradable materials are biocompatible and exhibit good mechanical properties, but their degradation rate is low. Aside from alloying with Manganese (Mn), the creation of phases with high electrochemical potential such as silver (Ag) phases to cause the anodic dissolution of FeMn is promising. However, to enable residue-free dissolution, the Ag needs to be modified. This concern is addressed, as FeMn modified with a degradable Ag-Calcium-Lanthanum (AgCaLa) alloy is investigated. The electrochemical properties and the degradation behavior are determined via a static immersion test. The local differences in electrochemical potential increase the degradation rate (low pH values), and the formation of gaps around the Ag phases (neutral pH values) demonstrates the benefit of the strategy. Nevertheless, the formation of corrosion-inhibiting layers avoids an increased degradation rate under a neutral pH value. The complete bioresorption of the material is possible since the phases of the degradable AgCaLa alloy dissolve after the FeMn matrix. Cell viability tests reveal biocompatibility, and the antibacterial activity of the degradation supernatant is observed. Thus, FeMn modified with degradable AgCaLa phases is promising as a bioresorbable material if corrosion-inhibiting layers can be diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tobias Krüger
- Materials Science, Paderborn University, Mersinweg 7, 33100 Paderborn, Germany
- DMRC-Direct Manufacturing Research Center, Paderborn University, Mersinweg 3, 33100 Paderborn, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Kay-Peter Hoyer
- Materials Science, Paderborn University, Mersinweg 7, 33100 Paderborn, Germany
- DMRC-Direct Manufacturing Research Center, Paderborn University, Mersinweg 3, 33100 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Jingyuan Huang
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Viviane Filor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstr. 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafael Hernan Mateus-Vargas
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hilke Oltmanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Meißner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Mirko Schaper
- Materials Science, Paderborn University, Mersinweg 7, 33100 Paderborn, Germany
- DMRC-Direct Manufacturing Research Center, Paderborn University, Mersinweg 3, 33100 Paderborn, Germany
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Extrusion-based 3D printing of ex situ-alloyed highly biodegradable MRI-friendly porous iron-manganese scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:774-790. [PMID: 34311105 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Additively manufactured biodegradable porous iron has been only very recently demonstrated. Two major limitations of such a biomaterial are very low biodegradability and incompatibility with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we present a novel biomaterial that resolves both of those limitations. We used extrusion-based 3D printing to fabricate ex situ-alloyed biodegradable iron-manganese scaffolds that are non-ferromagnetic and exhibit enhanced rates of biodegradation. We developed ink formulations containing iron and 25, 30, or 35 wt% manganese powders, and debinding and sintering process to achieve Fe-Mn scaffolds with 69% porosity. The Fe25Mn scaffolds had the ε-martensite and γ-austenite phases, while the Fe30Mn and Fe35Mn scaffolds had only the γ-austenite phase. All iron-manganese alloys exhibited weakly paramagnetic behavior, confirming their potential to be used as MRI-friendly bone substitutes. The in vitro biodegradation rates of the scaffolds were very much enhanced (i.e., 4.0 to 4.6 times higher than that of porous iron), with the Fe35Mn alloy exhibiting the highest rate of biodegradation (i.e., 0.23 mm/y). While the elastic moduli and yield strengths of the scaffolds decreased over 28 days of in vitro biodegradation, those values remained in the range of cancellous bone. The culture of preosteoblasts on the porous iron-manganese scaffolds revealed that cells could develop filopodia on the scaffolds, but their viability was reduced by the effect of biodegradation. Altogether, this research marks a major breakthrough and demonstrates the great prospects of multi-material extrusion-based 3D printing to further address the remaining issues of porous iron-based materials and, eventually, develop ideal bone substitutes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D printed porous iron biomaterials for bone substitution still encounter limitations, such as the slow biodegradation and magnetic resonance imaging incompatibility. Aiming to solve the two fundamental issues of iron, we present ex-situ alloyed porous iron-manganese scaffolds fabricated by means of multi-material extrusion-based 3D printing. Our porous iron-manganese possessed enhanced biodegradability, non-ferromagnetic property, and bone-mimicking mechanical property throughout the in vitro biodegradation period. The results demonstrated a great prospect of multi-material extrusion-based 3D printing to further address the remaining challenges of porous iron-based biomaterials to be an ideal biodegradable bone substitutes.
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