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Byun J, Wu Y, Park J, Kim JS, Li Q, Choi J, Shin N, Lan M, Cai Y, Lee J, Oh YK. RNA Nanomedicine: Delivery Strategies and Applications. AAPS J 2023; 25:95. [PMID: 37784005 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of RNA using nanomaterials has emerged as a new modality to expand therapeutic applications in biomedical research. However, the delivery of RNA presents unique challenges due to its susceptibility to degradation and the requirement for efficient intracellular delivery. The integration of nanotechnologies with RNA delivery has addressed many of these challenges. In this review, we discuss different strategies employed in the design and development of nanomaterials for RNA delivery. We also highlight recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of RNA delivered via nanomaterials. Various nanomaterials, such as lipids, polymers, peptides, nucleic acids, and inorganic nanomaterials, have been utilized for delivering functional RNAs, including messenger RNA (mRNA), small interfering RNA, single guide RNA, and microRNA. Furthermore, the utilization of nanomaterials has expanded the applications of functional RNA as active pharmaceutical ingredients. For instance, the delivery of antigen-encoding mRNA using nanomaterials enables the transient expression of vaccine antigens, leading to immunogenicity and prevention against infectious diseases. Additionally, nanomaterial-mediated RNA delivery has been investigated for engineering cells to express exogenous functional proteins. Nanomaterials have also been employed for co-delivering single guide RNA and mRNA to facilitate gene editing of genetic diseases. Apart from the progress made in RNA medicine, we discuss the current challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Byun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjo Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Meng Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jaiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Meng L, Teng Z, Yang S, Wang N, Guan Y, Chen X, Liu Y. Biomimetic nanoparticles for DC vaccination: a versatile approach to boost cancer immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6432-6455. [PMID: 36916703 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07071e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the immune system to fight cancer, has begun to make a breakthrough in clinical applications. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the bridge linking innate and adaptive immunity and the trigger of tumor immune response. Considering the cumbersome process and poor efficacy of classic DC vaccines, there has been interest in transferring the field of in vitro-generated DC vaccines to nanovaccines. Conventional nanoparticles have insufficient targeting ability and are easily cleared by the reticuloendothelial system. Biological components have evolved very specific functions, which are difficult to fully reproduce with synthetic materials, making people interested in using the further understanding of biological systems to prepare nanoparticles with new and enhanced functions. Biomimetic nanoparticles are semi-biological or nature-derived delivery systems comprising one or more natural materials, which have a long circulation time in vivo and excellent performance of targeting DCs, and can mimic the antigen-presenting behavior of DCs. In this review, we introduce the classification, design, preparation, and challenges of different biomimetic nanoparticles, and discuss their application in activating DCs in vivo and stimulating T cell antitumor immunity. Incorporating biomimetic nanoparticles into cancer immunotherapy has shown outstanding advantages in precisely coaxing the immune system against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyang Meng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
| | - Zhuang Teng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
| | - Shuang Yang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
| | - Na Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
| | - YingHua Guan
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
| | - Xiguang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, P.R. China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
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Yang H, Sun L, Chen R, Xiong Z, Yu W, Liu Z, Chen H. Biomimetic dendritic polymeric microspheres induce enhanced T cell activation and expansion for adoptive tumor immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122048. [PMID: 36842237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A variety of bioactive materials are currently developed to expand T cells ex vivo for adoptive T cell immunotherapy, also known as called artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs). However, almost all the reported designs exhibit relatively smooth surface modified with T cell activating biomolecules, and therefore cannot well mimic the dendritic morphological characteristics of dendritic cells (DCs), the most important type of natural antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with high specific surface areas. Here, we propose a hydrophilic monomer-mediated surface morphology control strategy to synthesize biocompatible dendritic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microspheres for constructing aAPCs with surface morphology mimicking natural APCs (e.g., DCs). Interestingly, when maintaining the same ligands density, dendritic polymeric microspheres-based aAPCs (DPM beads) can more efficiently expand CD8+ T cells than that with smooth surfaces. Moreover, adoptive transfer of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells expanded by the DPM beads show significant antitumor effect of B16-OVA tumor bearing mice. Therefore, we provide a new concept for constructing biomimetic aAPCs with enhanced T cell expansion ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lele Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zijian Xiong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wenzhuo Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Kim D, Byun J, Kim SI, Chung HH, Kim YW, Shim G, Oh YK. DNA-cloaked nanoparticles for tumor microenvironment-responsive activation. J Control Release 2022; 350:448-459. [PMID: 36037974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although progress has been made in developing tumor microenvironment-responsive delivery systems, the list of cargo-releasing stimuli remains limited. In this study, we report DNA nanothread-cloaked nanoparticles for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-rich tumor microenvironment-responsive delivery systems. ROS is well known to strongly induce DNA fragmentation via oxidative stress. As a model anticancer drug, hydrophobic omacetaxine was entrapped in branched cyclam ligand-modified nanoparticles (BNP). DNA nanothreads were prepared by rolling-circle amplification and complexed to BNP, yielding DNA nanothread-cloaked BNP (DBNP). DBNP was unmasked by DNA nanothread-degrading ROS and culture supernatants of LNCaP cells. The size and zeta potential of DBNP were changed by ROS. In ROShigh LNCaP cells, but not in ROSlow fibroblast cells, the uptake of DBNP was higher than that of other nanoparticles. Molecular imaging revealed that DBNP exhibited greater distribution to tumor tissues, compared to other nanoparticles. Ex vivo mass spectrometry-based imaging showed that omacetaxine metabolites were distributed in tumor tissues of mice treated with DBNP. Intravenous administration of DBNP reduced the tumor volume by 80% compared to untreated tumors. Profiling showed that omacetaxine treatment altered the transcriptional profile. These results collectively support the feasibility of using polymerized DNA-masked nanoparticles for selective activation in the ROS-rich tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Byun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Ik Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hoon Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Daegu Cancer Center, DongSung Bio-Pharmaceuticals, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayong Shim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science and Integrative Institute of Basic Sciences, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Z, Yue Z, Wang R, Yang K, Li S. Nanomaterials: A powerful tool for tumor immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979469. [PMID: 36072591 PMCID: PMC9441741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents the leading global driver of death and is recognized as a critical obstacle to increasing life expectancy. In recent years, with the development of precision medicine, significant progress has been made in cancer treatment. Among them, various therapies developed with the help of the immune system have succeeded in clinical treatment, recognizing and killing cancer cells by stimulating or enhancing the body’s intrinsic immune system. However, low response rates and serious adverse effects, among others, have limited the use of immunotherapy. It also poses problems such as drug resistance and hyper-progression. Fortunately, thanks to the rapid development of nanotechnology, engineered multifunctional nanomaterials and biomaterials have brought breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy. Unlike conventional cancer immunotherapy, nanomaterials can be rationally designed to trigger specific tumor-killing effects. Simultaneously, improved infiltration of immune cells into metastatic lesions enhances the efficiency of antigen submission and induces a sustained immune reaction. Such a strategy directly reverses the immunological condition of the primary tumor, arrests metastasis and inhibits tumor recurrence through postoperative immunotherapy. This paper discusses several types of nanoscale biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy, and they activate the immune system through material-specific advantages to provide novel therapeutic strategies. In summary, this article will review the latest advances in tumor immunotherapy based on self-assembled, mesoporous, cell membrane modified, metallic, and hydrogel nanomaterials to explore diverse tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Chen
- Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziqi Yue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Outpatient, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Kaiqi Yang
- Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shenglong Li, ;
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