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Pudełko I, Moskwik A, Kwiecień K, Kriegseis S, Krok-Borkowicz M, Schickle K, Ochońska D, Dobrzyński P, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Gonzalez-Julian J, Pamuła E. Porous Zirconia Scaffolds Functionalized with Calcium Phosphate Layers and PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Hydrophobic Gentamicin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098400. [PMID: 37176107 PMCID: PMC10178882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Implant-related infections are a worldwide issue that is considered very challenging. Conventional therapies commonly end up failing; thus, new solutions are being investigated to overcome this problem. The in situ delivery of the drug at the implant site appears to be more sufficient compared to systemic antibiotic therapy. In this study, we manufactured porous zirconia scaffolds using the foam replication method. To improve their overall bioactivity, they were coated with a calcium phosphate (CaP) layer containing antibiotic-loaded degradable polymer nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by the double emulsion method to achieve the antibacterial effect additionally. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) were superior and were equal to 99.9 ± 0.1% and 9.1 ± 0.1%, respectively. Scaffolds were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, and their porosity was evaluated. The porosity of investigated samples was over 90% and resembled the microstructure of spongy bone. Furthermore, we investigated the cytocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and antimicrobial properties with Staphylococcus aureus. Scaffolds coated with a CaP layer were found non-toxic for MG-63 cells. Moreover, the presence of antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles had no significant influence on cell viability, and the obtained scaffolds inhibited bacteria growth. Provided processes of fabrication of highly porous zirconia scaffolds and surface functionalization allow minimizing the risk of implant-related infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Pudełko
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Moskwik
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Kwiecień
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sven Kriegseis
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Krok-Borkowicz
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Schickle
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Dorota Ochońska
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Str., 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrzyński
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Curie-Sklodowskiej Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Str., 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Julian
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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