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Pramanik S, Aggarwal A, Kadi A, Alhomrani M, Alamri AS, Alsanie WF, Koul K, Deepak A, Bellucci S. Chitosan alchemy: transforming tissue engineering and wound healing. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19219-19256. [PMID: 38887635 PMCID: PMC11180996 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a biopolymer acquired from chitin, has emerged as a versatile and favorable material in the domain of tissue engineering and wound healing. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial characteristics make it a suitable candidate for these applications. In tissue engineering, chitosan-based formulations have garnered substantial attention as they have the ability to mimic the extracellular matrix, furnishing an optimal microenvironment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In the realm of wound healing, chitosan-based dressings have revealed exceptional characteristics. They maintain a moist wound environment, expedite wound closure, and prevent infections. These formulations provide controlled release mechanisms, assuring sustained delivery of bioactive molecules to the wound area. Chitosan's immunomodulatory properties have also been investigated to govern the inflammatory reaction during wound healing, fostering a balanced healing procedure. In summary, recent progress in chitosan-based formulations portrays a substantial stride in tissue engineering and wound healing. These innovative approaches hold great promise for enhancing patient outcomes, diminishing healing times, and minimizing complications in clinical settings. Continued research and development in this field are anticipated to lead to even more sophisticated chitosan-based formulations for tissue repair and wound management. The integration of chitosan with emergent technologies emphasizes its potential as a cornerstone in the future of regenerative medicine and wound care. Initially, this review provides an outline of sources and unique properties of chitosan, followed by recent signs of progress in chitosan-based formulations for tissue engineering and wound healing, underscoring their potential and innovative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Sangareddy Telangana 502284 India
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University New Delhi 110017 India
| | - Ammar Kadi
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454080 Russia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Health Sciences, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Health Sciences, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Health Sciences, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanchan Koul
- Department of Physiotherapy, Jain School of Sports Education and Research, Jain University Bangalore Karnataka 560069 India
| | - A Deepak
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha School of Engineering Chennai Tamil Nadu 600128 India
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- 7INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Via E. Fermi 54 00044 Frascati Italy
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Bonde S, Chandarana C, Prajapati P, Vashi V. A comprehensive review on recent progress in chitosan composite gels for biomedical uses. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132723. [PMID: 38825262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) composite gels have emerged as promising materials with diverse applications in biomedicine. This review provides a concise overview of recent advancements and key aspects in the development of CS composite gels. The unique properties of CS, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity, make it an attractive candidate for gel-based composites. Incorporating various additives, such as nanoparticles, polymers, and bioactive compounds, enhances the mechanical, thermal, and biological and other functional properties of CS gels. This review discusses the fabrication methods employed for CS composite gels, including blending and crosslinking, highlighting their influence on the final properties of the gels. Furthermore, the uses of CS composite gels in tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, and 3D printing highlight their potential to overcome a number of the present issues with drug delivery. The biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, electroactive, thermosensitive and pH responsive behavior and controlled release capabilities of these gels make them particularly suitable for biomedical applications. In conclusion, CS composite gels represent a versatile class of materials with significant potential for a wide range of applications. Further research and development efforts are necessary to optimize their properties and expand their utility in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Bonde
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa 396230, UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India.
| | - Chandani Chandarana
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa 396230, UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India
| | - Parixit Prajapati
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa 396230, UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India
| | - Vidhi Vashi
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa 396230, UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India
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Ghosh S, Roy P, Lahiri D. Development of Anisotropic Electrically Conductive GNP-Reinforced PCL-Collagen Scaffold for Enhanced Neurogenic Differentiation under Electrical Stimulation. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400061. [PMID: 38547362 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The internal electric field of the human body plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, such as, cellular interactions, embryonic development and the healing process. Electrical stimulation (ES) modulates cytoskeleton and calcium ion activities to restore nervous system functioning. When exposed to electrical fields, stem cells respond similarly to neurons, muscle cells, blood vessel linings, and connective tissue (fibroblasts), depending on their environment. This study develops cost-effective electroconductive scaffolds for regenerative therapy. This was achieved by incorporating carboxy functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) into a Polycaprolactone (PCL)-collagen matrix. ES was used to assess the scaffolds' propensity to boost neuronal differentiation from MSCs. This study reported that aligned GNP-reinforced PCL-Collagen scaffolds demonstrate substantial MSC differentiation with ES. This work effectively develops scaffolds using a simple, cost-effective synthesis approach. The direct coupling approach generated a homogeneous electric field to stimulate cells cultured on GNP-reinforced scaffolds. The scaffolds exhibited improved mechanical and electrical characteristics, as a result of the reinforcement with carbon nanofillers. In vitro results suggest that electrical stimulation helps differentiation of mesenchymal stem-like cells (MSC-like) towards neuronal. This finding holds great potential for the development of effective treatments for tissue injuries related to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
- Present address: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 13210, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Yang Y, Fan R, Li H, Chen H, Gong H, Guo G. Polysaccharides as a promising platform for the treatment of spinal cord injury: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121672. [PMID: 38171685 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is incurable and often results in irreversible damage to motor function and autonomic sensory abilities. To enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic substances such as cells, growth factors, drugs, and nucleic acids for treating spinal cord injuries, as well as to reduce the toxic side effects of chemical reagents, polysaccharides have been gained attention due to their immunomodulatory properties and the biocompatibility and biodegradability of polysaccharide scaffolds. Polysaccharides hold potential as drug delivery systems in treating spinal cord injuries. This article aims to present an extensive evaluation of the potential applications of polysaccharide materials in scaffold construction, drug delivery, and immunomodulation over the past five years so that offering new directions and opportunities for the treatment of spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rangrang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanlin Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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