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Rouchidane Eyitayo A, Daury L, Priault M, Manon S. The membrane insertion of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax is a Tom22-dependent multi-step process: a study in nanodiscs. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:335. [PMID: 39043635 PMCID: PMC11266675 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane insertion of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was investigated by setting up cell-free synthesis of full-length Bax in the presence of pre-formed nanodiscs. While Bax was spontaneously poorly inserted in nanodiscs, co-synthesis with the mitochondrial receptor Tom22 stimulated Bax membrane insertion. The initial interaction of Bax with the lipid bilayer exposed the hydrophobic GALLL motif in Hα1 leading to Bax precipitation through hydrophobic interactions. The same motif was recognized by Tom22, triggering conformational changes leading to the extrusion and the ensuing membrane insertion of the C-terminal hydrophobic Hα9. Tom22 was also required for Bax-membrane insertion after Bax was activated either by BH3-activators or by its release from Bcl-xL by WEHI-539. The effect of Tom22 was impaired by D154Y substitution in Bax-Hα7 and T174P substitution in Bax-Hα9, which are found in several tumors. Conversely, a R9E substitution promoted a spontaneous insertion of Bax in nanodiscs, in the absence of Tom22. Both Tom22-activated Bax and BaxR9E alone permeabilized liposomes to dextran-10kDa and formed ~5-nm-diameter pores in nanodiscs. The concerted regulation of Bax membrane insertion by Tom22 and BH3-activators is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laetitia Daury
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5248, CBMN, Pessac, France
| | - Muriel Priault
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5095, IBGC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphen Manon
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5095, IBGC, Bordeaux, France.
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2
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Rouchidane Eyitayo A, Boudier-Lemosquet A, Chaignepain S, Priault M, Manon S. Bcl-xL Is Spontaneously Inserted into Preassembled Nanodiscs and Stimulates Bax Insertion in a Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System. Biomolecules 2023; 13:876. [PMID: 37371456 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL is a major regulator of cell death and survival, but many aspects of its functions remain elusive. It is mostly localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) owing to its C-terminal hydrophobic α-helix. In order to gain further information about its membrane organization, we set up a model system combining cell-free protein synthesis and nanodisc insertion. We found that, contrary to its proapoptotic partner Bax, neosynthesized Bcl-xL was spontaneously inserted into nanodiscs. The deletion of the C-terminal α-helix of Bcl-xL prevented nanodisc insertion. We also found that nanodisc insertion protected Bcl-xL against the proteolysis of the 13 C-terminal residues that occurs during expression of Bcl-xL as a soluble protein in E. coli. Interestingly, we observed that Bcl-xL increased the insertion of Bax into nanodiscs, in a similar way to that which occurs in mitochondria. Cell-free synthesis in the presence of nanodiscs is, thus, a suitable model system to study the molecular aspects of the interaction between Bcl-xL and Bax during their membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akandé Rouchidane Eyitayo
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Axel Boudier-Lemosquet
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Chaignepain
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Priault
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
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3
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Mai Z, Sun H, Yang F, Du M, Cheng X, Chen H, Sun B, Wen J, Wang X, Chen T. Bad is essential for Bcl-xL-enhanced Bax shuttling between mitochondria and cytosol. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 155:106359. [PMID: 36586532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although Bcl-xL has been shown to retrotranslocate Bax from mitochondria to cytosol, other studies have found that Bcl-xL also stabilizes the mitochondrial localization of Bax. It is still unclear what causes the difference in Bcl-xL-regulated Bax localization. Bad, a BH3-only protein with a high affinity for Bcl-xL, may play an important role in Bcl-xL-regulated Bax shuttling. Here, we found that Bcl-xL enhanced both translocalization and retrotranslocation of mitochondrial Bax, as evidenced by quantitative co-localization, western blots and fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) analyses. Notably, Bad knockdown prevented Bcl-xL-mediated Bax retrotranslocation, indicating Bad was essential for this process. Quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging in living cells and co-immunoprecipitation analyses showed that the interaction of Bcl-xL with Bad was stronger than that with Bax. The Bad mimetic ABT-737 dissociated Bax from Bcl-xL on isolated mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondrial Bax was directly liberated to cytosol due to Bad binding to Bcl-xL. In addition, MK-2206, an Akt inhibitor, decreased Bad phosphorylation while increasing cytosolic Bax proportion. Our data firmly demonstrate a notion that Bad binds to mitochondrial Bcl-xL to release Bax, resulting in retrotranslocation of Bax to cytosol, and that the amount of Bad involved is regulated by Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Mai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Han Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengyan Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xuecheng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Beini Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Junlin Wen
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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4
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Simonyan L, Gonin M, Hanks J, Friedlein J, Dutrec K, Arokium H, Rouchidane Eyitayo A, Doudy TM, Chaignepain S, Manon S, Dejean L. Non-phosphorylatable mutants of Ser184 lead to incomplete activation of Bax. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1068994. [PMID: 36741728 PMCID: PMC9892840 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1068994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The S184 residue of Bax is the target of several protein kinases regulating cell fate, including AKT. It is well-established that, in cellulo, the substitution of S184 by a non-phosphorylatable residue stimulates both the mitochondrial localization of Bax, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis. However, in in vitro experiments, substituted mutants did not exhibit any increase in their binding capacity to isolated mitochondria or liposomes. Despite exhibiting a significant increase of the 6A7 epitope exposure, substituted mutants remain limited in their ability to form large oligomers, suggesting that they high capacity to promote apoptosis in cells was more related to a high content than to an increased ability to form large pores in the outer mitochondrial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Simonyan
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Gonin
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - James Hanks
- California State University of Fresno, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Jordan Friedlein
- California State University of Fresno, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Dutrec
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Hubert Arokium
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Akandé Rouchidane Eyitayo
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Toukounou Megann Doudy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux (CGFB), Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Chaignepain
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux (CGFB), Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France,*Correspondence: Stéphen Manon, ; Laurent Dejean,
| | - Laurent Dejean
- California State University of Fresno, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fresno, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Stéphen Manon, ; Laurent Dejean,
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5
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Rouchidane Eyitayo A, Giraud MF, Daury L, Lambert O, Gonzalez C, Manon S. Cell-free synthesis and reconstitution of Bax in nanodiscs: Comparison between wild-type Bax and a constitutively active mutant. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184075. [PMID: 36273540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bax is a major player in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, by making the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (OMM) permeable to various apoptogenic factors, including cytochrome c. In order to get further insight into the structure and function of Bax when it is inserted in the OMM, we attempted to reconstitute Bax in nanodiscs. Cell-free protein synthesis in the presence of nanodiscs did not yield Bax-containing nanodiscs, but it provided a simple way to purify full-length Bax without any tag. Purified wild-type Bax (BaxWT) and a constitutively active mutant (BaxP168A) displayed biochemical properties that were in line with previous characterizations following their expression in yeast and human cells followed by their reconstitution into liposomes. Both Bax variants were then reconstituted in nanodiscs. Size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy showed that nanodiscs formed with BaxP168A were larger than nanodiscs formed with BaxWT. This was consistent with the hypothesis that BaxP168A was reconstituted in nanodiscs as an active oligomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- IBGC, UMR5095, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France; CBMN, UMR5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Stéphen Manon
- IBGC, UMR5095, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France.
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6
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Ferreira A, Pereira F, Reis C, Oliveira MJ, Sousa MJ, Preto A. Crucial Role of Oncogenic KRAS Mutations in Apoptosis and Autophagy Regulation: Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142183. [PMID: 35883626 PMCID: PMC9319879 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS, one of the RAS protein family members, plays an important role in autophagy and apoptosis, through the regulation of several downstream effectors. In cancer cells, KRAS mutations confer the constitutive activation of this oncogene, stimulating cell proliferation, inducing autophagy, suppressing apoptosis, altering cell metabolism, changing cell motility and invasion and modulating the tumor microenvironment. In order to inhibit apoptosis, these oncogenic mutations were reported to upregulate anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-xL and survivin, and to downregulate proteins related to apoptosis induction, including thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, KRAS mutations are known to induce autophagy in order to promote cell survival and tumor progression through MAPK and PI3K regulation. Thus, these mutations confer resistance to anti-cancer drug treatment and, consequently, result in poor prognosis. Several therapies have been developed in order to overcome KRAS-induced cell death resistance and the downstream signaling pathways blockade, especially by combining MAPK and PI3K inhibitors, which demonstrated promising results. Understanding the involvement of KRAS mutations in apoptosis and autophagy regulation, might bring new avenues to the discovery of therapeutic approaches for CRCs harboring KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Flávia Pereira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso Reis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-601524
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7
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Guedes JP, Baptista V, Santos-Pereira C, Sousa MJ, Manon S, Chaves SR, Côrte-Real M. Acetic acid triggers cytochrome c release in yeast heterologously expressing human Bax. Apoptosis 2022; 27:368-381. [PMID: 35362903 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the Bcl-2 protein family, including pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL, are critical for mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis regulation. Since yeast lacks obvious orthologs of Bcl-2 family members, heterologous expression of these proteins has been used to investigate their molecular and functional aspects. Active Bax is involved in the formation of mitochondrial outer membrane pores, through which cytochrome c (cyt c) is released, triggering a cascade of downstream apoptotic events. However, when in its inactive form, Bax is largely cytosolic or weakly bound to mitochondria. Given the central role of Bax in apoptosis, studies aiming to understand its regulation are of paramount importance towards its exploitation as a therapeutic target. So far, studies taking advantage of heterologous expression of human Bax in yeast to unveil regulation of Bax activation have relied on the use of artificial mutated or mitochondrial tagged Bax for its activation, rather than the wild type Bax (Bax α). Here, we found that cell death could be triggered in yeast cells heterologoulsy expressing Bax α with concentrations of acetic acid that are not lethal to wild type cells. This was associated with Bax mitochondrial translocation and cyt c release, closely resembling the natural Bax function in the cellular context. This regulated cell death process was reverted by co-expression with Bcl-xL, but not with Bcl-xLΔC, and in the absence of Rim11p, the yeast ortholog of mammalian GSK3β. This novel system mimics human Bax α regulation by GSK3β and can therefore be used as a platform to uncover novel Bax regulators and explore its therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P Guedes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Centro de Investigacíon Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vitória Baptista
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit (CMEMS-UMinho), School of Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cátia Santos-Pereira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Stéphen Manon
- UMR 5095, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Susana R Chaves
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela Côrte-Real
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Ahmadinejad F, Bos T, Hu B, Britt E, Koblinski J, Souers AJ, Leverson JD, Faber AC, Gewirtz DA, Harada H. Senolytic-Mediated Elimination of Head and Neck Tumor Cells Induced Into Senescence by Cisplatin. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:168-180. [PMID: 34907000 PMCID: PMC8969145 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic outcomes achieved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients by concurrent cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy initially reflect both tumor regression and tumor stasis. However, local and distant metastasis and disease relapse are common in HNSCC patients. In the current work, we demonstrate that cisplatin treatment induces senescence in both p53 wild-type HN30 and p53 mutant HN12 head and neck cancer models. We also show that tumor cells can escape from senescence both in vitro and in vivo. We further establish the effectiveness of the senolytic, ABT-263 (Navitoclax), in elimination of senescent tumor cells after cisplatin treatment. Navitoclax increased apoptosis by 3.3-fold (P ≤ 0.05) at day 7 compared with monotherapy by cisplatin. Additionally, we show that ABT-263 interferes with the interaction between B-cell lymphoma-x large (BCL-XL) and BAX, anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins, respectively, followed by BAX activation, suggesting that ABT-263-induced apoptotic cell death is mediated through BAX. Our in vivo studies also confirm senescence induction in tumor cells by cisplatin, and the promotion of apoptosis coupled with a significant delay of tumor growth after sequential treatment with ABT-263. Sequential treatment with cisplatin followed by ABT-263 extended the humane endpoint to ∼130 days compared with cisplatin alone, where mice survived ∼75 days. These results support the premise that senolytic agents could be used to eliminate residual senescent tumor cells after chemotherapy and thereby potentially delay disease recurrence in head and neck cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Disease recurrence is the most common cause of death in head and neck cancer patients. B-cell lymphoma-x large inhibitors such as ABT-263 (Navitoclax) have the capacity to be used in combination with cisplatin in head and neck cancer patients to eliminate senescent cells and possibly prevent disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hisashi Harada
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine (F.A.), Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry (T.B., E.B., A.C.F., H.H.), Cancer Mouse Models Core (B.H., J.K.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine (D.A.G.), Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois (A.J.S., J.D.L.)
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9
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Bcl-2 Family Members and the Mitochondrial Import Machineries: The Roads to Death. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020162. [PMID: 35204663 PMCID: PMC8961529 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The localization of Bcl-2 family members at the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) is a crucial step in the implementation of apoptosis. We review evidence showing the role of the components of the mitochondrial import machineries (translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) and the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM)) in the mitochondrial localization of Bcl-2 family members and how these machineries regulate the function of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in resting cells and in cells committed into apoptosis.
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10
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Zhu L, Li YL, Qian ZQ, Hua L, Yue Y, Yang DL. Osthole improves pulmonary artery hypertension by inducing apoptosis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1109-1117. [PMID: 33988241 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to explore the effect of Osthole (Ost) on apoptosis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and investigate the potential mechanism of this effect. METHODS Rats were injected subcutaneously with monocrotaline (MCT) to establish a PAH model, and Ost were intragastrically administrated from day 1 to day 35. After 35 days administration, the mean pulmonary artery pressure and lung weight index were measured. HE and TUNEL staining were used to observe the morphology of pulmonary artery and the apoptosis of PASMCs. In addition, the apoptosis of PASMCs were detected by flow cytometry in cultured PASMCs. The proteins of Bax and Bcl-2, and the levels of p-ASK1 and cleaved caspase 3 were measured by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Ost decreased the mean pulmonary artery pressure and lung weight index in MCT-induced rats, and promoted apoptosis in PASMCs in MCT-induced rats and PDGF-BB stimulated PASMCs. Ost increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the levels of p-ASK1, cleaved caspase 3 in MCT-induced rats and PDGF-BB stimulated PASMCs. CONCLUSION Ost promoted apoptosis in PASMCs in vivo and in vitro, and the mechanism may be associated with upregulation of ASK1 and the Bax/Bcl-2-caspase 3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,School of Nursing, Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Anshun, Guizhou, China
| | - Ye-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Liang Hua
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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11
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Contribution of Yeast Studies to the Understanding of BCL-2 Family Intracellular Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084086. [PMID: 33920941 PMCID: PMC8071328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL-2 family members are major regulators of apoptotic cell death in mammals. They form an intricate regulatory network that ultimately regulates the release of apoptogenic factors from mitochondria to the cytosol. The ectopic expression of mammalian BCL-2 family members in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which lacks BCL-2 homologs, has been long established as a useful addition to the available models to study their function and regulation. In yeast, individual proteins can be studied independently from the whole interaction network, thus providing insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying their function in a living context. Furthermore, one can take advantage of the powerful tools available in yeast to probe intracellular trafficking processes such as mitochondrial sorting and interactions/exchanges between mitochondria and other compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum that are largely conserved between yeast and mammals. Yeast molecular genetics thus allows the investigation of the role of these processes on the dynamic equilibrium of BCL-2 family members between mitochondria and extramitochondrial compartments. Here we propose a model of dynamic regulation of BCL-2 family member localization, based on available evidence from ectopic expression in yeast.
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12
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Lalier L, Mignard V, Joalland MP, Lanoé D, Cartron PF, Manon S, Vallette FM. TOM20-mediated transfer of Bcl2 from ER to MAM and mitochondria upon induction of apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:182. [PMID: 33589622 PMCID: PMC7884705 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have explored the subcellular localization of Bcl2, a major antiapoptotic protein. In U251 glioma cells, we found that Bcl2 is localized mainly in the ER and is translocated to MAM and mitochondria upon induction of apoptosis; this mitochondrial transfer was not restricted to the demonstrator cell line, even if cell-specific modulations exist. We found that the Bcl2/mitochondria interaction is controlled by TOM20, a protein that belongs to the protein import machinery of the mitochondrial outer membrane. The expression of a small domain of interaction of TOM20 with Bcl2 potentiates its anti-apoptotic properties, which suggests that the Bcl2–TOM20 interaction is proapoptotic. The role of MAM and TOM20 in Bcl2 apoptotic mitochondrial localization and function has been confirmed in a yeast model in which the ER–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) complex (required for MAM stability in yeast) has been disrupted. Bcl2–TOM20 interaction is thus an additional player in the control of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisenn Lalier
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Vincent Mignard
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Joalland
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Didier Lanoé
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Pierre-François Cartron
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095 CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François M Vallette
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France.
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13
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Popgeorgiev N, Sa JD, Jabbour L, Banjara S, Nguyen TTM, Akhavan-E-Sabet A, Gadet R, Ralchev N, Manon S, Hinds MG, Osigus HJ, Schierwater B, Humbert PO, Rimokh R, Gillet G, Kvansakul M. Ancient and conserved functional interplay between Bcl-2 family proteins in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/40/eabc4149. [PMID: 32998881 PMCID: PMC7527217 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In metazoans, Bcl-2 family proteins are major regulators of mitochondrially mediated apoptosis; however, their evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we describe the molecular characterization of the four members of the Bcl-2 family in the most primitive metazoan, Trichoplax adhaerens All four trBcl-2 homologs are multimotif Bcl-2 group, with trBcl-2L1 and trBcl-2L2 being highly divergent antiapoptotic Bcl-2 members, whereas trBcl-2L3 and trBcl-2L4 are homologs of proapoptotic Bax and Bak, respectively. trBax expression permeabilizes the mitochondrial outer membrane, while trBak operates as a BH3-only sensitizer repressing antiapoptotic activities of trBcl-2L1 and trBcl-2L2. The crystal structure of a trBcl-2L2:trBak BH3 complex reveals that trBcl-2L2 uses the canonical Bcl-2 ligand binding groove to sequester trBak BH3, indicating that the structural basis for apoptosis control is conserved from T. adhaerens to mammals. Finally, we demonstrate that both trBax and trBak BH3 peptides bind selectively to human Bcl-2 homologs to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Jaison D Sa
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Lea Jabbour
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Suresh Banjara
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Aida Akhavan-E-Sabet
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rudy Gadet
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nikola Ralchev
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, CNRS et Université de Bordeaux, CS61390, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mark G Hinds
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia
| | - Hans-Jürgen Osigus
- Institute of Animal Ecology, Division of Molecular Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Schierwater
- Institute of Animal Ecology, Division of Molecular Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ruth Rimokh
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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14
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Shahar N, Larisch S. Inhibiting the inhibitors: Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins in cancer and therapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Wang J, Wu T, Ma L, Guo Y, Huang Y, Zheng L. Action of Akt Pathway on La-Induced Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis of Rats in the Growth Stage. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:434-446. [PMID: 32385838 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influences of lanthanum (La) exposure on learning and memory and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in offspring rats. Wistar female rats were randomly divided into a control group (NC) and 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% LaCl3 treatment groups, with eight per group. La dye was transmitted to offspring rats through parental blood circulation and breast milk before delactation and through water drinking after delectation. Offspring rats were killed at 14, 28 and 42 days after birth. Hippocampal neurons were observed by microscope, and apoptosis and necrosis were tested. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot, and Morris water maze experiments were used to measure learning and memory abilities. LaCl3 groups showed longer escape latency periods and swimming distances than the NC group (p < 0.05). The 1.0% LaCl3 group passed across the target quadrants and platforms more times and stayed in the target quadrants for less time, than the NC group (p < 0.05). At 42 days, the apoptosis rate and necrosis in the hippocampus of the 1.0% LaCl3 group were significantly higher than those of other groups. There was a significant difference among LaCl3 groups in terms of protein expressions measured in the hippocampus. In LaCl3 groups, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were significantly higher than in the NC group (p < 0.05). Therefore, La exposure can promote neuronal apoptosis by regulating the protein expressions of Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, Bad, caspase-3 and caspase-9, thus damaging learning and memory and the hippocampal neurons of offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinting Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nursing, School of medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Reconstituting the Mammalian Apoptotic Switch in Yeast. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020145. [PMID: 32013249 PMCID: PMC7073680 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the Bcl-2 family regulate the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane that represents a crucial irreversible step in the process of induction of apoptosis in mammalian cells. The family consists of both proapoptotic proteins that facilitate the membrane permeabilization and antiapoptotic proteins that prevent it in the absence of an apoptotic signal. The molecular mechanisms, by which these proteins interact with each other and with the mitochondrial membranes, however, remain under dispute. Although yeast do not have apparent homologues of these apoptotic regulators, yeast cells expressing mammalian members of the Bcl-2 family have proved to be a valuable model system, in which action of these proteins can be effectively studied. This review focuses on modeling the activity of proapoptotic as well as antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family in yeast.
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17
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Costa KA, Saraiva A, Guimarães JD, Marques DBD, Machado-Neves M, Barbosa LMR, Villadiego FAC, Veroneze R, Oliveira LFD, Garcia IS, Teixeira SA, Guimarães SEF. Dietary L-arginine supplementation during early gestation of gilts affects conceptuses development. Theriogenology 2019; 140:62-71. [PMID: 31445222 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
l-arginine supplementation of sows has led to improvement of reproductive performance, but the mechanisms responsible for the positive effects of arginine during gestation on conceptuses survival and development are still poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to evaluate effects of 1.0% l-arginine supplementation (ARG) on phenotypic traits of commercial gilts, embryos and fetuses, concentration of gilts' blood metabolites, expression of developmental and cellular apoptosis genes in conceptuses of 25 and 35 days. At 25 days, IGF1 gene was more expressed in embryos from ARG than in embryos from control gilts (CON) (P = 0.05). At this same gestational age, ARG embryos tended to be heavier compared to CON (P = 0.07) and ARG gilts showed a trend to have a greater arginine concentration in blood plasma (P = 0.06). However, at 35 days of gestation, arginine concentration in blood plasma of ARG gilts tended to be lower compared to CON (P = 0.06) and ARG fetuses showed smaller cephalic-caudal length (P = 0.05). These results indicate that duration of supplementation is determinant for arginine effects, not only on the females performance but also on the conceptuses, since supplementation upregulated IGF1 expression at 25 days, in addition to the reduction of cephalic-caudal length of 35-day fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Assis Costa
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Alysson Saraiva
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - José Domingos Guimarães
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Renata Veroneze
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Soares Garcia
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Susana Amaral Teixeira
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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18
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Légiot A, Céré C, Dupoiron T, Kaabouni M, Camougrand N, Manon S. Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) are involved in Bax mitochondrial localization and cytochrome c release. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:257-266. [PMID: 31114795 PMCID: PMC6506693 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.05.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax in the outer mi-tochondrial membrane (OMM) is a central point of regulation of apoptosis. It is now widely recognized that parts of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are closely associated to the OMM, and are actively involved in different signaling processes. We addressed a possible role of these domains, called Mitochon-dria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) in Bax localization and function, by ex-pressing the human protein in a yeast mutant deleted of MDM34, a ERMES (ER-Mitochondria Encounter Structure) component. By affecting MAMs stabil-ity, the deletion of MDM34 altered Bax mitochondrial localization, and de-creased its capacity to release cytochrome c. Furthermore, the deletion of MDM34 decreased the size of an incompletely released, MAMs-associated pool of cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Légiot
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095 CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, CS61390, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Céré
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095 CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, CS61390, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thibaud Dupoiron
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095 CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, CS61390, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohamed Kaabouni
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095 CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, CS61390, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadine Camougrand
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095 CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, CS61390, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095 CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, CS61390, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
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19
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Abstract
Among the different models used to study the biochemical properties and function of proteins of the Bcl-2 family, their heterologous expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae may look out of place. However, when grown under adequate conditions, yeast cells have mitochondria that have similar properties as those of mammalian cells, and are able to be targeted by mammalian Bcl-2 family members. Yeast thus provides a neutral cellular background to study how proteins of the Bcl-2 family interact with mitochondria, alone or as a couple (or a combination of more proteins). Most studies done in our laboratory has been done on the proapoptotic protein Bax and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, but yeast can bring about useful information about every protein of the family, in terms of their capacity to interact and to regulate the permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Campus Careire, CS61390, Bordeaux, France.
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20
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Greaves G, Milani M, Butterworth M, Carter RJ, Byrne DP, Eyers PA, Luo X, Cohen GM, Varadarajan S. BH3-only proteins are dispensable for apoptosis induced by pharmacological inhibition of both MCL-1 and BCL-X L. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1037-1047. [PMID: 30185825 PMCID: PMC6748112 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The impressive selectivity and efficacy of BH3 mimetics for treating cancer has largely been limited to BCL-2 dependent hematological malignancies. Most solid tumors depend on other anti-apoptotic proteins, including MCL-1, for survival. The recent description of S63845 as the first specific and potent MCL-1 inhibitor represents an important therapeutic advance, since MCL-1 is not targeted by the currently available BH3 mimetics, Navitoclax or Venetoclax, and is commonly associated with chemoresistance. In this study, we confirm a high binding affinity and selectivity of S63845 to induce apoptosis in MCL-1-dependent cancer cell lines. Furthermore, S63845 synergizes with other BH3 mimetics to induce apoptosis in cell lines derived from both hematological and solid tumors. Although the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members in these cell lines interact with a spectrum of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins to regulate apoptosis, these interactions alone do not explain the relative sensitivities of these cell lines to BH3 mimetic-induced apoptosis. These findings necessitated further investigation into the requirement of BH3-only proteins in BH3 mimetic-mediated apoptosis. Concurrent inhibition of BCL-XL and MCL-1 by BH3 mimetics in colorectal HCT116 cells induced apoptosis in a BAX- but not BAK-dependent manner. Remarkably this apoptosis was independent of all known BH3-only proteins. Although BH3-only proteins were required for apoptosis induced as a result of BCL-XL inhibition, this requirement was overcome when both BCL-XL and MCL-1 were inhibited, implicating distinct mechanisms by which different anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members may regulate apoptosis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Greaves
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Mateus Milani
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Michael Butterworth
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Rachel J Carter
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Gerald M Cohen
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.,Departments of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Shankar Varadarajan
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK. .,Departments of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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21
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N-terminal acetylation modulates Bax targeting to mitochondria. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:35-42. [PMID: 29233735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic Bax protein is the main effector of mitochondrial permeabilization during apoptosis. Bax is controlled at several levels, including post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and S-palmitoylation. However, little is known about the contribution of other protein modifications to Bax activity. Here, we used heterologous expression of human Bax in yeast to study the involvement of N-terminal acetylation by yNaa20p (yNatB) on Bax function. We found that human Bax is N-terminal (Nt-)acetylated by yNaa20p and that Nt-acetylation of Bax is essential to maintain Bax in an inactive conformation in the cytosol of yeast and Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) cells. Bax accumulates in the mitochondria of yeast naa20Δ and Naa25-/- MEF cells, but does not promote cytochrome c release, suggesting that an additional step is required for full activation of Bax. Altogether, our results show that Bax N-terminal acetylation by NatB is involved in its mitochondrial targeting.
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22
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Bleicken S, Hantusch A, Das KK, Frickey T, Garcia-Saez AJ. Quantitative interactome of a membrane Bcl-2 network identifies a hierarchy of complexes for apoptosis regulation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:73. [PMID: 28706229 PMCID: PMC5509671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bcl-2 proteins form a complex interaction network that controls mitochondrial permeabilization and apoptosis. The relative importance of different Bcl-2 complexes and their spatio-temporal regulation is debated. Using fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy to quantify the interactions within a minimal Bcl-2 network, comprised by cBid, Bax, and Bcl-xL, we show that membrane insertion drastically alters the pattern of Bcl-2 complexes, and that the C-terminal helix of Bcl-xL determines its binding preferences. At physiological temperature, Bax can spontaneously activate in a self-amplifying process. Strikingly, Bax also recruits Bcl-xL to membranes, which is sufficient to retrotranslocate Bax back into solution to secure membrane integrity. Our study disentangles the hierarchy of Bcl-2 complex formation in relation to their environment: Bcl-xL association with cBid occurs in solution and in membranes, where the complex is stabilized, whereas Bcl-xL binding to Bax occurs only in membranes and with lower affinity than to cBid, leading instead to Bax retrotranslocation. The permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane to induce apoptosis is regulated by complex interactions between Bcl-2 family members. Here the authors develop a quantitative interactome of a membrane Bcl-2 network and identify a hierarchy of protein complexes in apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bleicken
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,ZEMOS, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Hantusch
- University of Konstanz, Applied Bioinformatics, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kushal Kumar Das
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tancred Frickey
- University of Konstanz, Applied Bioinformatics, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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23
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Simonyan L, Légiot A, Lascu I, Durand G, Giraud MF, Gonzalez C, Manon S. The substitution of Proline 168 favors Bax oligomerization and stimulates its interaction with LUVs and mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1144-1155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Garenne D, Renault TT, Manon S. Bax mitochondrial relocation is linked to its phosphorylation and its interaction with Bcl-xL. MICROBIAL CELL 2016; 3:597-605. [PMID: 28357332 PMCID: PMC5348979 DOI: 10.15698/mic2016.12.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The heterologous expression of Bax, and other Bcl-2 family members, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has proved to be a valuable reporter system to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying their interaction with mitochondria. By combining the co-expression of Bax and Bcl-xL mutants with analyzes of their localization and interaction in mitochondria and post-mitochondrial supernatants, we showed that the ability of Bax and Bcl-xL to interact is dependent both on Bax phosphorylation - mimicked by a substitution S184D - and by Bax and Bcl-xL localization. This, and previous data, provide the molecular basis for a model of dynamic equilibrium for Bax localization and activation, regulated both by phosphorylation and Bcl-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Garenne
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, CS61390, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France. ; Present address: INRA, UMR1332, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaud, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Thibaud T Renault
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, CS61390, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France. ; Present address: Department of Regulation in Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, CS61390, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
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25
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Renault TT, Dejean LM, Manon S. A brewing understanding of the regulation of Bax function by Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:201-210. [PMID: 27112371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family members form a network of protein-protein interactions that regulate apoptosis through permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Deciphering this intricate network requires streamlined experimental models, including the heterologous expression in yeast. This approach had previously enabled researchers to identify domains and residues that underlie the conformational changes driving the translocation, the insertion and the oligomerization of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax at the level of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Recent studies that combine experiments in yeast and in mammalian cells have shown the unexpected effect of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL on the priming of Bax. As demonstrated with the BH3-mimetic molecule ABT-737, this property of Bcl-xL, and of Bcl-2, is crucial to elaborate about how apoptosis could be reactivated in tumoral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud T Renault
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Junior Research Group Infection Biology of Salmonella, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurent M Dejean
- California State University of Fresno, Department of Chemistry, 2555 E. San Ramon Ave M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740-8034, USA
| | - Stéphen Manon
- CNRS, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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26
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Teijido O, Ganesan YT, Llanos R, Peton A, Urtecho JB, Soprani A, Villamayor A, Antonsson B, Manon S, Dejean L. A sandwich ELISA for the conformation-specific quantification of the activated form of human Bax. Anal Biochem 2015; 497:90-4. [PMID: 26748144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins are critical regulators of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which represents the point of no return of apoptotic cell death. The exposure of the Bax N-terminus at the mitochondria reflects Bax activation; and this activated configuration of the Bax protein is associated with MOMP. N-terminal exposure can be detected using specific monoclonal and/or polyclonal antibodies, and the onset of activated Bax has extensively been used as an early marker of apoptosis. The protocols of immunoprecipitation and/or immunocytochemistry commonly used to detect activated Bax are long and tedious, and allow semiquantification of the antigen at best. The sandwich ELISA protocol we developed has a 5 ng/mL detection limit and is highly specific for the activated conformation of Bax. This ELISA allows a rapid quantification of activated human Bax in whole cells and isolated mitochondria protein extracts. These properties grant this assay the potential to further clarify the prognostic and diagnostic value of activated Bax in disorders associated with deregulated apoptotic pathways such as degenerative diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Teijido
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Care and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yogesh Tengarai Ganesan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Raul Llanos
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Ashley Peton
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | | | - Adauri Soprani
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Aimee Villamayor
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Bruno Antonsson
- Merck Serono S.A. Geneva Research Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphen Manon
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Dejean
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA.
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Simonyan L, Renault TT, da Costa Novais MJ, Sousa MJ, Côrte-Real M, Camougrand N, Gonzalez C, Manon S. Regulation of Bax/mitochondria interaction by AKT. FEBS Lett 2015; 590:13-21. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphen Manon
- CNRS; Université de Bordeaux, UMR5095; Bordeaux France
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28
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Landeta O, Landajuela A, Garcia-Saez A, Basañez G. Minimalist Model Systems Reveal Similarities and Differences between Membrane Interaction Modes of MCL1 and BAK. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17004-19. [PMID: 25987560 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins belonging to the BCL2 family are key modulators of apoptosis that establish a complex network of interactions among themselves and with other cellular factors to regulate cell fate. It is well established that mitochondrial membranes are the main locus of action of all BCL2 family proteins, but it is difficult to obtain a precise view of how BCL2 family members operate at the native mitochondrial membrane environment during apoptosis. Here, we used minimalist model systems and multiple fluorescence-based techniques to examine selected membrane activities of MCL1 and BAK under apoptotic-like conditions. We show that three distinct apoptosis-related factors (i.e. the BCL2 homology 3 ligand cBID, the mitochondrion-specific lipid cardiolipin, and membrane geometrical curvature) all promote membrane association of BCL2-like structural folds belonging to both MCL1 and BAK. However, at the same time, the two proteins exhibited distinguishing features in their membrane association modes under apoptotic-like conditions. In addition, scanning fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy and FRET measurements revealed that the BCL2-like structural fold of MCL1, but not that of BAK, forms stable heterodimeric complexes with cBID in a manner adjustable by membrane cardiolipin content and curvature degree. Our results add significantly to a growing body of evidence indicating that the mitochondrial membrane environment plays a complex and active role in the mode of action of BCL2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Landeta
- From the Unidad de Biofísica, Centro Mixto Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-EuskalHerriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain,
| | - Ane Landajuela
- From the Unidad de Biofísica, Centro Mixto Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-EuskalHerriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia-Saez
- the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and the Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and the German Cancer Research Center, BioQuant, ImNeuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gorka Basañez
- From the Unidad de Biofísica, Centro Mixto Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-EuskalHerriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain,
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