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Oropeza D, Herrera PL. Glucagon-producing α-cell transcriptional identity and reprogramming towards insulin production. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:180-197. [PMID: 37626005 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
β-Cell replacement by in situ reprogramming of non-β-cells is a promising diabetes therapy. Following the observation that near-total β-cell ablation in adult mice triggers the reprogramming of pancreatic α-, δ-, and γ-cells into insulin (INS)-producing cells, recent studies are delving deep into the mechanisms controlling adult α-cell identity. Systematic analyses of the α-cell transcriptome and epigenome have started to pinpoint features that could be crucial for maintaining α-cell identity. Using different transgenic and chemical approaches, significant advances have been made in reprogramming α-cells in vivo into INS-secreting cells in mice. The recent reprogramming of human α-cells in vitro is an important step forward that must now be complemented with a comprehensive molecular dissection of the mechanisms controlling α-cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oropeza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Luis Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Pirsadeghi A, Namakkoobi N, Behzadi MS, Pourzinolabedin H, Askari F, Shahabinejad E, Ghorbani S, Asadi F, Hosseini-Chegeni A, Yousefi-Ahmadipour A, Kamrani MH. Therapeutic approaches of cell therapy based on stem cells and terminally differentiated cells: Potential and effectiveness. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203904. [PMID: 38316293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy, as a promising regenerative medicine approach, has been a promising and effective strategy to treat or even cure various kinds of diseases and conditions. Generally, two types of cells are used in cell therapy, the first is the stem cell, and the other is a fully differentiated cell. Initially, all cells in the body are derived from stem cells. Based on the capacity, potency and differentiation potential of stem cells, there are four types: totipotent (produces all somatic cells plus perinatal tissues), pluripotent (produces all somatic cells), multipotent (produces many types of cells), and unipotent (produces a particular type of cells). All non-totipotent stem cells can be used for cell therapy, depending on their potency and/or disease state/conditions. Adult fully differentiated cell is another cell type for cell therapy that is isolated from adult tissues or obtained following the differentiation of stem cells. The cells can then be transplanted back into the patient to replace damaged or malfunctioning cells, promote tissue repair, or enhance the targeted organ's overall function. With increasing science and knowledge in biology and medicine, different types of techniques have been developed to obtain efficient cells to use for therapeutic approaches. In this study, the potential and opportunity of use of all cell types, both stem cells and fully differentiated cells, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pirsadeghi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Negar Namakkoobi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sharifzadeh Behzadi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Pourzinolabedin
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Askari
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; USERN Office, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Erfan Shahabinejad
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; USERN Office, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghorbani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Cancer and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseini-Chegeni
- Cancer and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Yousefi-Ahmadipour
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Cancer and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kamrani
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Parveen N, Wang JK, Bhattacharya S, Cuala J, Rajkumar MS, Butler AE, Wu X, Shih HP, Georgia SK, Dhawan S. DNA Methylation-Dependent Restriction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Contributes to Pancreatic β-Cell Heterogeneity. Diabetes 2023; 72:575-589. [PMID: 36607262 PMCID: PMC10130487 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and functional heterogeneity of pancreatic β-cells is well recognized, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Pancreatic islets harbor a subset of β-cells that co-express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme involved in synthesis of catecholamines that repress insulin secretion. Restriction of the TH+ β-cells within islets is essential for appropriate function in mice, such that a higher proportion of these cells corresponds to reduced insulin secretion. Here, we use these cells as a model to dissect the developmental control of β-cell heterogeneity. We define the specific molecular and metabolic characteristics of TH+ β-cells and show differences in their developmental restriction in mice and humans. We show that TH expression in β-cells is restricted by DNA methylation during β-cell differentiation. Ablation of de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in the embryonic progenitors results in a dramatic increase in the proportion of TH+ β-cells, whereas β-cell-specific ablation of Dnmt3a does not. We demonstrate that maintenance of Th promoter methylation is essential for its continued restriction in postnatal β-cells. Loss of Th promoter methylation in response to chronic overnutrition increases the number of TH+ β-cells, corresponding to impaired β-cell function. These results reveal a regulatory role of DNA methylation in determining β-cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Parveen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jean Kimi Wang
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Janielle Cuala
- Medical Biophysics Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mohan Singh Rajkumar
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Hung-Ping Shih
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Senta K. Georgia
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Yi SA, Lee J, Park JW, Han J, Lee MG, Nam KH, Park JH, Oh H, Ahn SJ, Kim S, Kwon SH, Jo DG, Han JW. S6K1 controls epigenetic plasticity for the expression of pancreatic α/β cell marker genes. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6674-6683. [PMID: 29665055 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The failure of insulin production by pancreatic β cells is a common hallmark of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Because administration of exogenous insulin is associated with diabetes-derived complications, endogenous α to β cell transition can be an attractive alternative. Although decreased β cell size and hypoinsulinaemia have been observed in S6K1-deficient mice, the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of S6K1 in the transcriptional regulation of insulin remains elusive. Here, we show that the hypoinsulinaemic phenotype of S6K1-deficient mice stems from the dysregulated transcription of a set of genes required for insulin and glucagon production. First, we observed that increased expression of α cell marker genes and decreased expression of β cell marker genes in pancreas tissues from S6K1-deficient mice. Furthermore, S6K1 was highly activated in murine β cell line, βTC6, compared to murine α cell line αTC1. In both α and β cells, active S6K1 promoted the transcription of β cell marker genes, including insulin, whereas S6K1 inhibition increased the transcription of α cell marker genes. Moreover, S6K1 mediated pancreatic gene regulation by modifying two histone marks (activating H3K4me3 and repressing H3K27me3) on gene promoters. These results suggest that S6K1 drives the α to β transition through the epigenetic regulation of cell-specific genes, including insulin and glucagon. This novel role of S6K1 in islet cells provides basic clues to establish therapeutic strategies against T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hun Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwamok Oh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Ahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saetbyul Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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