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Yang B, Lin Y, Huang Y, Shen YQ, Chen Q. Thioredoxin (Trx): A redox target and modulator of cellular senescence and aging-related diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103032. [PMID: 38232457 PMCID: PMC10827563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a compact redox-regulatory protein that modulates cellular redox state by reducing oxidized proteins. Trx exhibits dual functionality as an antioxidant and a cofactor for diverse enzymes and transcription factors, thereby exerting influence over their activity and function. Trx has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for various diseases, particularly those associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Recent clinical investigations have underscored the significance of Trx in disease diagnosis, treatment, and mechanistic elucidation. Despite its paramount importance, the intricate interplay between Trx and cellular senescence-a condition characterized by irreversible growth arrest induced by multiple aging stimuli-remains inadequately understood. In this review, our objective is to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the structure and function of Trx, its involvement in redox signaling pathways and cellular senescence, its association with aging and age-related diseases, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. Our review aims to elucidate the novel and extensive role of Trx in senescence while highlighting its implications for aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ying-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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2
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Wang R, Wang C, Lu L, Yuan F, He F. Baicalin and baicalein in modulating tumor microenvironment for cancer treatment: A comprehensive review with future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107032. [PMID: 38061594 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The burden of cancer incidence and mortality is increasing rapidly. New approaches to cancer prevention and treatment are urgently needed. Natural products are reliable and powerful sources for anticancer drug discovery. Baicalin and baicalein, two major flavones isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a multi-purpose traditional medicinal plant in China, exhibit anticancer activities against multiple cancers. Of note, these phytochemicals exhibit extremely low toxicity to normal cells. Besides their cytotoxic and cytostatic activities toward diverse tumor cells, recent studies demonstrated that baicalin and baicalein modulate a variety of tumor stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is essential for tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic potential and the mechanism of action of baicalin and baicalein in the regulation of tumor microenvironmental immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and ECM that reshape the TME and cancer signaling, leading to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, progression, and metastasis. In addition, we discuss the biotransformation pathways of baicalin and baicalein, related therapeutic challenges and the future research directions to improve their bioavailability and clinical anticancer applications. Recent advances of baicalin and baicalein warrant their continued study as important natural ways for cancer interception and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolei Wang
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lianheng Lu
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fuwen Yuan
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Feng He
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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3
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Lu G, Jin S, Lin S, Gong Y, Zhang L, Yang J, Mou W, Du J. Update on histone deacetylase inhibitors in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:124. [PMID: 37533111 PMCID: PMC10398948 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a group of highly aggressive malignancies with generally poor prognoses, and the first-line chemotherapy of PTCL has limited efficacy. Currently, several novel targeted agents, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), have been investigated to improve the therapeutic outcome of PTCLs. Several HDACis, such as romidepsin, belinostat, and chidamide, have demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy and safety in PTCLs. More novel HDACis and new combination therapies are undergoing preclinical or clinical trials. Mutation analysis based on next-generation sequencing may advance our understanding of the correlation between epigenetic mutation profiles and relevant targeted therapies. Multitargeted HDACis and HDACi-based prodrugs hold promising futures and offer further directions for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shikai Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwen Lin
- Clinical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Gong
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Mou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Morshed AKMH, Paul S, Hossain A, Basak T, Hossain MS, Hasan MM, Hasibuzzaman MA, Rahaman TI, Mia MAR, Shing P, Sohel M, Bibi S, Dey D, Biswas P, Hasan MN, Ming LC, Tan CS. Baicalein as Promising Anticancer Agent: A Comprehensive Analysis on Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072128. [PMID: 37046789 PMCID: PMC10093079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant therapeutic advancements for cancer, an atrocious global burden (for example, health and economic) and radio- and chemo-resistance limit their effectiveness and result in unfavorable health consequences. Natural compounds are generally considered safer than synthetic drugs, and their use in cancer treatment alone, or in combination with conventional therapies, is increasingly becoming accepted. Interesting outcomes from pre-clinical trials using Baicalein in combination with conventional medicines have been reported, and some of them have also undergone clinical trials in later stages. As a result, we investigated the prospects of Baicalein, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the stems of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Oroxylum indicum Kurz, which targets a wide range of molecular changes that are involved in cancer development. In other words, this review is primarily driven by the findings from studies of Baicalein therapy in several cancer cell populations based on promising pre-clinical research. The modifications of numerous signal transduction mechanisms and transcriptional agents have been highlighted as the major players for Baicalein’s anti-malignant properties at the micro level. These include AKT serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) as well as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, matrix metalloproteinases-2 & 9 (MMP-2 & 9), Wnt/-catenin, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, Caspase-3/8/9, Smad4, Notch 1/Hes, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap 1), Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Src/Id1, ROS signaling, miR 183/ezrin, and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling cascades. The promise of Baicalein as an anti-inflammatory to anti-apoptotic/anti-angiogenic/anti-metastatic medicinal element for treating various malignancies and its capability to inhibit malignant stem cells, evidence of synergistic effects, and design of nanomedicine-based drugs are altogether well supported by the data presented in this review study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Helal Morshed
- Pathology and Pathophysiology, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Supti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Arafat Hossain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Tuli Basak
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sanower Hossain
- Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem and Earth Resources (Pusat ALAM), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia
| | - Md. Mehedi Hasan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Al Hasibuzzaman
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rashid Mia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Pollob Shing
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Bioscience, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Dipta Dey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hasan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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5
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Sisin NNT, Rahman WN. Potentials of Bismuth-Based Nanoparticles and Baicalein Natural Compounds as Radiosensitizers in Cancer Radiotherapy: a Review. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-01057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Rahmani AH, Almatroudi A, Khan AA, Babiker AY, Alanezi M, Allemailem KS. The Multifaceted Role of Baicalein in Cancer Management through Modulation of Cell Signalling Pathways. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228023. [PMID: 36432119 PMCID: PMC9692503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The roles of medicinal plants or their purified bioactive compounds have attracted attention in the field of health sciences due to their low toxicity and minimal side effects. Baicalein is an active polyphenolic compound, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, and plays a significant role in the management of different diseases. Epidemiologic studies have proven that there is an inverse association between baicalein consumption and disease severity. Baicalein is known to display anticancer activity through the inhibition of inflammation and cell proliferation. Additionally, the anticancer potential of baicalein is chiefly mediated through the modulation of various cell-signaling pathways, such as the induction of apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and PI3K/Akt pathways, as well as the regulation of other molecular targets. Therefore, the current review aimed to explore the role of baicalein in different types of cancer along with mechanisms of action. Besides this, the synergistic effects with other anti-cancerous drugs and the nano-formulation based delivery of baicalein have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Yousif Babiker
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Alanezi
- Department of Dentistry, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Natural compounds as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1). Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Verma E, Kumar A, Devi Daimary U, Parama D, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Potential of baicalein in the prevention and treatment of cancer: A scientometric analyses based review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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9
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Zhang J, Duan D, Osama A, Fang J. Natural Molecules Targeting Thioredoxin System and Their Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1083-1107. [PMID: 33115246 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase are two core members of the Trx system. The system bridges the gap between the universal reducing equivalent NADPH and various biological molecules and plays an essential role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. Recent Advance: In recent years, the Trx system has been well documented as an important regulator of many diseases, especially tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potential therapeutic molecules targeting the system is of great significance for disease treatment. Critical Issues: We herein first discuss the physiological functions of the Trx system and the role that the Trx system plays in various diseases. Then, we focus on the introduction of natural small molecules with potential therapeutic applications, especially the anticancer activity, and review their mechanisms of pharmacological actions via interfering with the Trx system. Finally, we further discuss several natural molecules that harbor therapeutic potential and have entered different clinical trials. Future Directions: Further studies on the functions of the Trx system in multiple diseases will not only improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of many human disorders but also help develop novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1083-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
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Joshi HA, Patwardhan RS, Sharma D, Sandur SK, Devarajan PV. Pre-clinical evaluation of an innovative oral nano-formulation of baicalein for modulation of radiation responses. Int J Pharm 2020; 595:120181. [PMID: 33359537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet medical need for non-toxic and effective radiation countermeasures for prevention of radiation toxicity during planned exposures. We have earlier shown that intraperitoneal administration of baicalein (BCL) offers significant survival benefit in animal model. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of baicalein has been reported in pre-clinical model systems and also in healthy human volunteers. However, clinical translation of baicalein is hindered owing to poor bioavailability due to lipophilicity. In view of this, we fabricated and characterized in-situ solid lipid nanoparticles of baicalein (SLNB) with effective drug entrapment and release kinetics. SLNB offered significant protection to murine splenic lymphocytes against 4 Gy ionizing radiation (IR) induced apoptosis. Oral administration of SLNB exhibited ~70% protection to mice against whole body irradiation (WBI 7.5 Gy) induced mortality. Oral relative bioavailability of BCL was enhanced by over ~300% after entrapment in the SLNB as compared to BCL. Oral dosing of SLNB resulted in transient increase in neutrophil abundance in peripheral blood. Interestingly, we observed that treatment of human lung cancer cells (A549) with radioprotective dose of SLNB exhibited radio-sensitization as evinced by decrease in survival and clonogenic potential. Contrary to antioxidant nature of baicalein in normal cells, SLNB treatment induced significant increase in cellular ROS levels in A549 cells probably due to higher uptake and inhibition of TrxR. Thus, a pharmaceutically acceptable SLNB exhibited improved bioavailability, better radioprotection to normal cells and sensitized cancer cells to radiation induced killing as compared to BCL suggesting its possible utility as an adjuvant during cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh A Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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11
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Tuli HS, Aggarwal V, Kaur J, Aggarwal D, Parashar G, Parashar NC, Tuorkey M, Kaur G, Savla R, Sak K, Kumar M. Baicalein: A metabolite with promising antineoplastic activity. Life Sci 2020; 259:118183. [PMID: 32781058 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, being a multifactorial disease has diverse presentation in different subgroups which is mainly attributed to heterogenous presentation of tumor cells. This cancer cell heterogeneity is the major reason for variable response to standard chemotherapeutic regimes owing to which high relapse rate and multi-drug resistance has increasingly been reported over the past decade. Interestingly, the research on natural compounds in combination with standard therapies have reported with interesting and promising results from the pre-clinical trials and few of which have also been tested in other phases of clinical trials. This review focusses on baicalein, an emerging anti-cancerous natural compound, its chemistry and mechanism of action. In view of promising pre-clinical this review is mainly motivated by the results observed from baicalein treatment of different cancer cell population. With the advancing scientific evidence on the anti-malignant potential of baicalein with respect to its pharmacological activities encompassing from anti-inflammatory to anti-angiogenic/anti-metastatic effects, the focus is mainly directed to understanding the precise mechanism of action of baicalein. In the process of understanding the underlying signaling cascades, the role of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AKT serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and caspase-3/-8,-9 have been highlighted as the major players for baicalein anti-malignant potential. This is also supported by the interesting pre-clinical findings which cumulatively pave the way ahead for development of baicalein as an adjunct anti-cancer treatment with chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India.
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab 160012, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | | | - Muobarak Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai-56, India
| | - Raj Savla
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai-56, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
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12
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Noble JN, Mishra A. Development and Significance of Mouse Models in Lymphoma Research. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020; 14:119-126. [PMID: 30848424 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-019-00504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Animal models have played an indispensable role in interpreting cancer gene functions, pathogenesis of disease, and in the development of innovative therapeutic approaches targeting aberrant biological pathways in human cancers. RECENT FINDINGS These models have guided the therapeutic targeting of cancer-causing mutations and paved the way for assessing anti-cancer drug responses and the preclinical development of immunotherapies. The mammalian models of cancer utilize genetically edited or transplanted mice that develop fairly accurate disease histopathology. The mouse model also allows us to study the effect of tumor microenvironment in the development of lymphoma. The emergence of patient-derived xenografts provides a better opportunity for recapitulating primary lymphoma characteristics and researching personalized drug therapy. In conclusion, the refinement and advancement of available mouse models in lymphoma significantly minimize the therapeutic translational failures in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N Noble
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anjali Mishra
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadephia, PA, 19107, USA.
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13
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Li X, Zhang B, Yan C, Li J, Wang S, Wei X, Jiang X, Zhou P, Fang J. A fast and specific fluorescent probe for thioredoxin reductase that works via disulphide bond cleavage. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2745. [PMID: 31227705 PMCID: PMC6588570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule probes are indispensable tools to explore diverse cellular events. However, finding a specific probe of a target remains a high challenge. Here we report the discovery of Fast-TRFS, a specific and superfast fluorogenic probe of mammalian thioredoxin reductase, a ubiquitous enzyme involved in regulation of diverse cellular redox signaling pathways. By systematically examining the processes of fluorophore release and reduction of cyclic disulfides/diselenides by the enzyme, structural factors that determine the response rate and specificity of the probe are disclosed. Mechanistic studies reveal that the fluorescence signal is switched on by a simple reduction of the disulfide bond within the probe, which is in stark contrast to the sensing mechanism of published probes. The favorable properties of Fast-TRFS enable development of a high-throughput screening assay to discover inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase by using crude tissue extracts as a source of the enzyme. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) plays a crucial part in regulating cellular redox homeostasis. Here, the authors developed a fluorescent probe composed of a five-membered disulphide, a coumarin fluorophore and a urea linker that detects TrxR activity with fast response and high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chaoxian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiangxu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Panpan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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14
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Scalcon V, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Significance of the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in cancer cells: An update on role, targets and inhibitors. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:62-79. [PMID: 29596885 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2) is a key component of the mitochondrial thioredoxin system able to transfer electrons to peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) in a reaction mediated by thioredoxin 2 (Trx2). In this way, both the level of hydrogen peroxide and thiol redox state are modulated. TrxR2 is often overexpressed in cancer cells conferring apoptosis resistance. Due to their exposed flexible arm containing selenocysteine, both cytosolic and mitochondrial TrxRs are inhibited by a large number of molecules. The various classes of inhibitors are listed and the molecules acting specifically on TrxR2 are extensively described. Particular emphasis is given to gold(I/III) complexes with phosphine, carbene or other ligands and to tamoxifen-like metallocifens. Also chemically unrelated organic molecules, including natural compounds and their derivatives, are taken into account. An important feature of many TrxR2 inhibitors is provided by their nature of delocalized lipophilic cations that allows their accumulation in mitochondria exploiting the organelle membrane potential. The consequences of TrxR2 inhibition are presented focusing especially on the impact on mitochondrial pathophysiology. Inhibition of TrxR2, by hindering the activity of Trx2 and Prx3, increases the mitochondrial concentration of reactive oxygen species and shifts the thiol redox state toward a more oxidized condition. This is reflected by alterations of specific targets involved in the release of pro-apoptotic factors such as cyclophilin D which acts as a regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Therefore, the selective inhibition of TrxR2 could be utilized to induce cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience (CNR), Padova Section, c/o Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Baicalein inhibits cervical cancer progression via downregulating long noncoding RNA BDLNR and its downstream PI3K/Akt pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 94:107-118. [PMID: 29175387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein, an active flavonoid extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has fascinating anti-cancer effects on many cancers. Our previous study also found that baicalein inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration, and induced cervical cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of baicalein are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which is downregulated by baicalein in a dose- and time-dependent manner in cervical cancer. We named this lncRNA as baicalein down-regulated long noncoding RNA (BDLNR). Gain-of- and loss-of-function assays showed that BDLNR was required for baicalein-induced cell proliferation inhibition, cell death induction, migration inhibition, and in vivo tumor growth inhibition of cervical cancer. Mechanistically, BDLNR physically bound to YBX1, recruited YBX1 to PIK3CA promoter, activated PIK3CA expression and PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, BDLNR was upregulated in cervical cancer and associated with poor prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Collectively, our data demonstrated that BDLNR mediated the anti-cancer effects of baicalein in cervical cancer via activating PI3K/Akt pathway, and implied that BDLNR would be potential therapeutic target for enhancing the anti-cancer effects of baicalein in cervical cancer.
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