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Shang G, Shao Q, Lv K, Xu W, Ji J, Fan S, Kang X, Cheng F, Wang X, Wang Q. Hypercholesterolemia and the Increased Risk of Vascular Dementia: a Cholesterol Perspective. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:435-449. [PMID: 38814418 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most prevalent type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease.Hypercholesterolemia may increase the risk of dementia, but the association between cholesterol and cognitive function is very complex. From the perspective of peripheral and brain cholesterol, we review the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and increased risk of VaD and how the use of lipid-lowering therapies affects cognition. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiologic studies show since 1980, non-HDL-C levels of individuals has increased rapidly in Asian countries.The study has suggested that vascular risk factors increase the risk of VaD, such as disordered lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia has been found to interact with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion to promote inflammation resulting in cognitive dysfunction in the brain.Hypercholesterolemia may be a risk factor for VaD. Inflammation could potentially serve as a link between hypercholesterolemia and VaD. Additionally, the potential impact of lipid-lowering therapy on cognitive function is also worth considering. Finding strategies to prevent and treat VaD is critical given the aging of the population to lessen the load on society. Currently, controlling underlying vascular risk factors is considered one of the most effective methods of preventing VaD. Understanding the relationship between abnormal cholesterol levels and VaD, as well as discovering potential serum biomarkers, is important for the early prevention and treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojiao Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Beisanhuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Beisanhuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Lv
- Department of Geratology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.51 Xiaoguan Street, Andingmenwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiu Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Beisanhuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Beisanhuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuning Fan
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.5 Haiyuncang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Kang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Beisanhuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Beisanhuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Beisanhuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 East Beisanhuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
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Domingo E, Marques P, Francisco V, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ. Targeting systemic inflammation in metabolic disorders. A therapeutic candidate for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases? Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107058. [PMID: 38218355 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. While many factors can contribute to CVD, atherosclerosis is the cardinal underlying pathology, and its development is associated with several metabolic risk factors including dyslipidemia and obesity. Recent studies have definitively demonstrated a link between low-grade systemic inflammation and two relevant metabolic abnormalities: hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Interestingly, both metabolic disorders are also associated with endothelial dysfunction/activation, a proinflammatory and prothrombotic phenotype of the endothelium that involves leukocyte infiltration into the arterial wall, one of the earliest stages of atherogenesis. This article reviews the current literature on the intricate relationship between hypercholesterolemia and obesity and the associated systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and discusses the effectiveness of present, emerging and in-development pharmacological therapies used to treat these metabolic disorders with a focus on their effects on the associated systemic inflammatory state and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Domingo
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrice Marques
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vera Francisco
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Maria-Jesus Sanz
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spain.
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Meng C, Zhou L, Huang L, Gu Q, Du X, Wang C, Liu F, Xia C. Chlorogenic acid regulates the expression of NPC1L1 and HMGCR through PXR and SREBP2 signaling pathways and their interactions with HSP90 to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155271. [PMID: 38103317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is widely implicated in the etiology of coronary heart disease, stroke, and dementia. Evidence suggests that chlorogenic acid (CA) reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE The current study aims to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of CA in lowering cholesterol based on pregnane X receptor (PXR) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) regulatory pathways and their interactions with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). METHODS A hypercholesterolemic mouse model, HepG2 and Caco2 cell models, metabolomics analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation (COIP) were used to study the mechanism of CA lowering cholesterol. RESULTS Treatment of the hypercholesterolemic mice with CA for 12 weeks significantly reduced body weight, blood lipid, hepatic lipid accumulation, and increased lipid excretion. The nuclear aggregation of PXR and SREBP2 was inhibited simultaneously. In addition, the expression of downstream target genes, including Niemann-pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and 3‑hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), was downregulated after CA administration. Furthermore, in HepG2 and Caco2 cell models, CA reduced intracellular cholesterol levels by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of PXR and SREBP2 and the expression of NPC1L1 and HMGCR. SREBP2 interacts with PXR through HSP90, and CA reduces the binding stability of SREBP2 and HSP90 and enhances the binding of PXR and HSP90, thus reducing the nuclear accumulation of SREBP2 and PXR simultaneously. Moreover, CA promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its binding to SREBP2. This was not conducive to the binding of HSP90 and SREBP2 but enhanced the binding of HSP90 and PXR, thereby inhibiting the nuclear translocation of SREBP2 and PXR and reducing intracellular cholesterol levels. However, no noticeable direct binding between AMPK and PXR was observed. CONCLUSION CA downregulates NPC1L1 and HMGCR expression by acting on the AMPK/SREBP2 direct pathway and the AMPK/SREBP2/HSP90/PXR indirect pathway, thus retaining cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Meng
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Lingye Zhou
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Lin Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Qi Gu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Xinyue Du
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Nanchang 330031, PR China.
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Jiang Y, Yu W, Zhou J, Dong X. Bidirectional causal relationship between hypercholesterolemia and ischemic heart disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1302282. [PMID: 38144368 PMCID: PMC10740159 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1302282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypercholesterolaemia, a metabolic syndrome distinguished by elevated cholesterol levels, is positively correlated with IHD, yet the precise causal relationship between these two health conditions remains to be clearly defined. Methods We conducted a two-sample MR analysis using genetic variants associated with hypercholesterolemia and IHD. Various statistical techniques including MR-Egger, Weighted Median, Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode were employed. We also performed sensitivity analyses to assess pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and influence of individual SNPs. Furthermore, genetic co-localization analysis was performed to identify shared genes between hypercholesterolemia and IHD. Results Our MR study illuminated a bidirectional causal relationship between hypercholesterolaemia and ischaemic heart disease. Utilising the IVW with multiplicative random effects, upon considering IHD as the outcome, we identified an OR of 2.27 (95% CI: 1.91-2.70, p = 1.68 × 10-20). Conversely, when hypercholesterolaemia was viewed as the outcome, the OR detected was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.58-2.05, p = 2.79 × 10-19). These findings remained consistent across various MR methods and sensitivity analyses. Additionally, our research pinpointed four co-localised genes CELSR2, PCSK9, LPA, and APOE as integral candidates implicated in the pathogenesis of both conditions, thereby suggesting shared common genetic causal variants and offering potential targets for innovative therapeutic strategies. Conclusion bidirectional MR studies reveal genetic evidence of a potential causal link between hypercholesterolaemia and IHD. Notably, these findings also lend credence to the less traditional hypothesis that IHD may instigate hypercholesterolaemia episodes. Moreover, co-localisation analyses intimate the presence of shared genetic causal variants, paving the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenpeng Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Gu PS, Su KW, Yeh KW, Huang JL, Lo FS, Chiu CY. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Molecular Signatures of Metabolic Complexity in Children with Hypercholesterolemia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071726. [PMID: 37049565 PMCID: PMC10096550 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of hypercholesterolemia in children, it is overlooked, and there are currently few metabolomics-based approaches available to understand its molecular mechanisms. Children from a birth cohort had their cholesterol levels measured with the aim of identifying the metabolites for the molecular biological pathways of childhood hypercholesterolemia. One hundred and twenty-five children were enrolled and stratified into three groups according to cholesterol levels (acceptable, <170 mg/dL, n = 42; borderline, 170–200 mg/dL, n = 52; and high, >200 mg/dL, n = 31). Plasma metabolomic profiles were obtained by using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied using the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 platform. Metabolites significantly associated with different cholesterol statuses were identified, and random forest classifier models were used to rank the importance of these metabolites. Their associations with serum lipid profile and functional metabolic pathways related to hypercholesterolemia were also assessed. Cholesterol level was significantly positively correlated with LDL-C and Apo-B level, as well as HDL-C and Apo-A1 level separately, whereas HDL-C was negatively correlated with triglyceride level (p < 0.01). Eight metabolites including tyrosine, glutamic acid, ornithine, lysine, alanine, creatinine, oxoglutaric acid, and creatine were significantly associated with the different statuses of cholesterol level. Among them, glutamic acid and tyrosine had the highest importance for different cholesterol statuses using random forest regression models. Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms were significantly associated with different cholesterol statuses, with glutamic acid being involved in all amino acid metabolic pathways (FDR-adjusted p < 0.01). Hypercholesterolemia is a significant health concern among children, with up to 25% having high cholesterol levels. Glutamic acid and tyrosine are crucial amino acids in lipid metabolism, with glutamic-acid-related amino acid metabolism playing a significant role in regulating cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shin Gu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sung Lo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8966); Fax: +886-3-3288957
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Cheng YC, Lee HL, Hwang Y, Kim SW. The effects of standardized ileal digestible His to Lys ratio on growth performance, intestinal health, and mobilization of histidine-containing proteins in pigs at 7 to 11 kg body weight. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac396. [PMID: 36440959 PMCID: PMC9838802 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to evaluate the effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) His:Lys ratio above the current NRC requirement on growth performance, intestinal health, and mobilization of His-containing proteins, including hemoglobin, carnosine, and trypsinogen, in nursery pigs from 7 to 11 kg body weight (BW). Forty pigs (26 d of age; initial BW of 7.1 ± 0.5 kg) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design with sex and initial BW as blocks. Dietary treatments were supplemented with varying SID His to Lys ratios of 26%, 32%, 38%, 43%, and 49% and fed to pigs for 14 d (SID Lys = 1.22%). Feed intake and BW were recorded at d 0, 7, and 14 to measure growth performance. Blood samples were collected on d 12. Pigs were euthanized on d 14 to collect pancreas, longissimus dorsi muscles, mid-jejunum, and jejunal mucosa. Data were analyzed using the Proc Mixed of SAS. Growth performance was not affected, whereas varying SID His to Lys ratio affected hemoglobin (P < 0.05, max: 12 g/dL at 36%), immunoglobulin A (IgA, P < 0.05, min: 1.25 μg/mg at 35%) in jejunal mucosa, villus height (P = 0.065, max: 536 μm at 40%) in jejunum, trypsinogen (P = 0.083, max: 242 pg/mg at 41%) in pancreas, and carnosine (P = 0.051, max: 4.7 ng/mg at 38%) in muscles. Varying SID His to Lys ratios linearly increased (P < 0.05, from 1.95 to 2.80 nmol/mg) protein carbonyl in muscles and decreased (P < 0.05, from 29.1% to 26.9%) enterocyte proliferation. In conclusion, SID His to Lys ratio between 35% and 41% in diets fed to nursery pigs at 7 to 11 kg enhanced intestinal health and maximized concentrations of His-containing proteins, indicating that His-containing proteins are effective response criteria when determining His requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chi Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Jackson TW, House JS, Alewel DI, Schladweiler MC, Valdez MC, Freeborn DL, Miller CN, Grindstaff R, Kodavanti PRS, Kodavanti UP. Social isolation exacerbates acute ozone inhalation induced pulmonary and systemic health outcomes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116295. [PMID: 36341779 PMCID: PMC9722630 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocially-stressed individuals might have exacerbated responses to air pollution exposure. Acute ozone exposure activates the neuroendocrine stress response leading to systemic metabolic and lung inflammatory changes. We hypothesized chronic mild stress (CS) and/or social isolation (SI) would cause neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and metabolic phenotypes that would be exacerbated by an acute ozone exposure. Male 5-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: no stress (NS) (pair-housed, regular-handling); SI (single-housed, minimal-handling); CS (single-housed, subjected to mild unpredicted-randomized stressors [restraint-1 h, tilted cage-1 h, shaking-1 h, intermittent noise-6 h, and predator odor-1 h], 1-stressor/day*5-days/week*8-weeks. All animals then 13-week-old were subsequently exposed to filtered-air or ozone (0.8-ppm) for 4 h and immediately necropsied. CS, but not SI animals had increased adrenal weights. However, relative to NS, both CS and SI had lower circulating luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and follicle-stimulating hormone regardless of exposure (SI > CS), and only CS demonstrated lower thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. SI caused more severe systemic inflammation than CS, as evidenced by higher circulating cytokines and cholesterol. Ozone exposure increased urine corticosterone and catecholamine metabolites with no significant stressor effect. Ozone-induced lung injury, and increases in lavage-fluid neutrophils and IL-6, were exacerbated by SI. Ozone severely lowered circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone in all groups and exacerbated systemic inflammation in SI. Ozone-induced increases in serum glucose, leptin, and triglycerides were consistent across stressors; however, increases in cholesterol were exacerbated by SI. Collectively, psychosocial stressors, especially SI, affected the neuroendocrine system and induced adverse metabolic and inflammatory effects that were exacerbated by ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Thomas W Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - John S House
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Matthew C Valdez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Danielle L Freeborn
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Colette N Miller
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Rachel Grindstaff
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Prasada Rao S Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Yamamoto M, Handa N, Nakamura A, Takahashi H, Kuda T. In vitro antioxidant, anti-glycation, and bile acid-lowering capacity of peanut milk fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Kinko-SU4. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:992-997. [PMID: 35734141 PMCID: PMC9207605 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based milk-like products from soybeans and other legumes and nuts have been explored worldwide, owing to their nutritional and functional characteristics. This study was conducted to develop new functional food materials from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) milk (PM) with desirable health functions to mitigate lifestyle and age-related diseases. The antioxidant, anti-glycation and bile acid-lowering properties of PM fermented with lactic acid bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Kinko-SU4 (FPM) were determined in vitro. L. plantarum Kinko-SU4 lowered the pH level from 6.4 to 4.3, 3.9, and 3.7 at 10, 24, and 48 h, respectively. The lactic acid concentration was 4.4 mg/mL after 48 h of incubation. The starter degraded the dissolved proteins in PM, including Ara h 1, one of the peanut allergens. Although the total phenolic content was 36% lower in FPM than in unfermented PM, O2− radical-scavenging capacity was high in FPM. Anti-glycation in a bovine serum albumin-fructose model and the bile acid-lowering capacities of PM were distinctly increased following fermentation. The result of this study infers that PM fermented with L. plantarum Kinko-SU4 can be considered a desirable food material to prevent and ameliorate chronic lifestyle diseases, particularly in the elderly. Peanut milk (PM) was fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Kinko-SU4 (FPM). Compared with PM, O2- radical-scavenging capacity was high in FPM. Anti-glycation capacity in the BSA-fructose model was also high in FPM. The Deoxycholic acid-lowering capacity of PM was also increased by the fermentation.
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Marques P, Domingo E, Rubio A, Martinez-Hervás S, Ascaso JF, Piqueras L, Real JT, Sanz MJ. Beneficial effects of PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab in familial hypercholesterolemia involve modulation of new immune players. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112460. [PMID: 34864314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, a key driver of premature atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) function on inflammatory state, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with FH. Fourteen patients with FH were evaluated before and 8 weeks after administration of a PCSK9 blocking monoclonal antibody (alirocumab, 150 mg/subcutaneous/14 days). In vivo and ex vivo analysis revealed that alirocumab blunted the attachment of leukocytes to TNFα-stimulated human umbilical arterial endothelial cells (HUAEC) and suppressed the activation of platelets and most leukocyte subsets, which was accompanied by the diminished expression of CX3CR1, CXCR6 and CCR2 on several leukocyte subpopulations. By contrast, T-regulatory cell activation was enhanced by alirocumab treatment, which also elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 plasma levels and lowered circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Plasma levels of IFNγ positively correlated with levels of total and LDL-cholesterol, whereas circulating IL-10 levels negatively correlated with these key lipid parameters. In vitro analysis revealed that TNFα stimulation of HUAEC increased the expression of PCSK9, whereas endothelial PCSK9 silencing reduced TNFα-induced mononuclear cell adhesion mediated by Nox5 up-regulation and p38-MAPK/NFκB activation, concomitant with reduced SREBP2 expression. PCSK9 silencing also decreased endothelial CX3CL1 and CXCL16 expression and chemokine generation. In conclusion, PCSK9 inhibition impairs systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction by constraining leukocyte-endothelium interactions. PCSK9 blockade may constitute a new therapeutic approach to control the inflammatory state associated with FH, preventing further cardiovascular events in this cardiometabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Domingo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Rubio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martinez-Hervás
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Ascaso
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José T Real
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria-Jesus Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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