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Pan X, Zong Q, Liu C, Wu H, Fu B, Wang Y, Sun W, Zhai Y. Konjac glucomannan exerts regulatory effects on macrophages and its applications in biomedical engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 345:122571. [PMID: 39227106 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) molecular chains contain a small amount of acetyl groups and a large number of hydroxyl groups, thereby exhibiting exceptional water retention and gel-forming properties. To meet diverse requirements, KGM undergoes modification processes such as oxidation, acetylation, grafting, and cationization, which reduce its viscosity, enhance its mechanical strength, and improve its water solubility. Researchers have found that KGM and its derivatives can regulate the polarization of macrophages, inducing their transformation into classically activated M1-type macrophages or alternatively activated M2-type macrophages, and even facilitating the interconversion between M1 and M2 phenotypes. Concurrently, the modulation of macrophage polarization states holds significant importance for chronic wound healing, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), antitumor therapy, tissue engineering scaffolds, oral vaccines, pulmonary delivery, and probiotics. Therefore, KGM has the advantages of both immunomodulatory effects (biological activity) and gel-forming properties (physicochemical properties), giving it significant advantages in a variety of biomedical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qida Zong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Hainan Institute for Drug Control, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Huiying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yinglei Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Camilleri E, Blundell R, Baral B, Karpinski TM, Aruci E, Atrooz OM. A brief overview of the medicinal and nutraceutical importance of Inonotus obliquus (chaga) mushrooms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35638. [PMID: 39170453 PMCID: PMC11336990 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This literature review offers an extensive exploration of Chaga mushrooms (Inonotus obliquus), focusing on their phytochemical composition, health-promoting attributes, and mechanisms of action. The aim was to provide an up-to-date overview of Chaga's significance in the medicinal sector, emphasizing its potential role in diverse health benefits. The review highlights Chaga's remarkable anticancer, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulating properties. By synthesizing recent findings, this work underscores Chaga's importance in the medicinal industries and provides valuable insights into its pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Camilleri
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Imsida, MSD2080, Malta
| | - Renald Blundell
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Imsida, MSD2080, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD2080, Imsida, Malta
| | - Bikash Baral
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biological Resources (IBR), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tomasz M. Karpinski
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 10, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edlira Aruci
- Western Balkans University, Autostrada Tirane-Durres km 7, Albania
| | - Omar M. Atrooz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, P.O.Box(7), Mutah, Jordan
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3
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Kang J, Hua P, Wu X, Wang B. Exosomes: efficient macrophage-related immunomodulators in chronic lung diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1271684. [PMID: 38655063 PMCID: PMC11035777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1271684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, the predominant immune cells in the lungs, play a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate balance of the pulmonary immune microenvironment. However, in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and lung cancer, macrophage phenotypes undergo distinct transitions, with M1-predominant macrophages promoting inflammatory damage and M2-predominant macrophages fostering cancer progression. Exosomes, as critical mediators of intercellular signaling and substance exchange, participate in pathological reshaping of macrophages during development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases and lung cancer. Specifically, in inflammatory lung diseases, exosomes promote the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages, suppress the anti-inflammatory phenotype, and subsequently, exosomes released by reshaped macrophages further exacerbate inflammatory damage. In cancer, exosomes promote pro-tumor tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs); inhibit anti-tumor TAMs; and exosomes released by TAMs further enhance tumor proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Simultaneously, exosomes exhibit a dual role, holding the potential to transmit immune-modulating molecules and load therapeutic agents and offering prospects for restoring immune dysregulation in macrophages during chronic inflammatory lung diseases and lung cancer. In chronic inflammatory lung diseases, this is manifested by exosomes reshaping anti-inflammatory macrophages, inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophages, and alleviating inflammatory damage post-reshaping. In lung cancer, exosomes reshape anti-tumor macrophages, inhibit pro-tumor macrophages, and reshaped macrophages secrete exosomes that suppress lung cancer development. Looking ahead, efficient and targeted exosome-based therapies may emerge as a promising direction for treatment of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peiyan Hua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Huang F, Mu J, Liu Z, Lin Q, Fang Y, Liang Y. The Nutritional Intervention of Ingredients from Food Medicine Homology Regulating Macrophage Polarization on Atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20441-20452. [PMID: 38108290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of macrophages plays a crucial regulatory role in a range of physiological and pathological processes involving macrophages. There are numerous concerns with macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis; however, most focus on modulating macrophage polarization to improve the microenvironment, and the mechanism of action remains unknown. In recent years, the advantages of natural and low-toxicity side effects of food medicine homology-derived substances have been widely explored. Few reports have started from ingredients from food medicine homology to regulate the polarization of macrophages so that early intervention can reduce or delay the process of atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the classification of macrophage polarization and related markers in the process of atherosclerosis. It summarizes the regulatory role of ingredients from food medicine homology in macrophage polarization and their possible mechanisms to provide ideas and inspiration for the nutritional intervention in vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
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Scortegagna M, Du Y, Bradley LM, Wang K, Molinolo A, Ruppin E, Murad R, Ronai ZA. Ubiquitin Ligases Siah1a/2 Control Alveolar Macrophage Functions to Limit Carcinogen-Induced Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2016-2033. [PMID: 37078793 PMCID: PMC10330299 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, including myeloid cells, play important roles in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its response to therapy. Here, we characterize the function of the ubiquitin ligases Siah1a/2 in regulating the differentiation and activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) and assess the implication of Siah1a/2 control of AMs for carcinogen-induced LUAD. Macrophage-specific genetic ablation of Siah1a/2 promoted accumulation of AMs with an immature phenotype and increased expression of protumorigenic and pro-inflammatory Stat3 and β-catenin gene signatures. Administration of urethane to wild-type mice promoted enrichment of immature-like AMs and lung tumor development, which was enhanced by macrophage-specific Siah1a/2 ablation. The profibrotic gene signature seen in Siah1a/2-ablated immature-like macrophages was associated with increased tumor infiltration of CD14+ myeloid cells and poorer survival of patients with LUAD. Single-cell RNA-seq confirmed the presence of a cluster of immature-like AMs expressing a profibrotic signature in lungs of patients with LUAD, a signature enhanced in smokers. These findings identify Siah1a/2 in AMs as gatekeepers of lung cancer development. SIGNIFICANCE The ubiquitin ligases Siah1a/2 control proinflammatory signaling, differentiation, and profibrotic phenotypes of alveolar macrophages to suppress lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Scortegagna
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA
| | - Yuanning Du
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA
| | - Linda M. Bradley
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA
| | - Kun Wang
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rabi Murad
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA
| | - Ze’ev A. Ronai
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA
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Tu Y, Liu J, Kong D, Guo X, Li J, Long Z, Peng J, Wang Z, Wu H, Liu P, Liu R, Yu W, Li W. Irisin drives macrophage anti-inflammatory differentiation via JAK2-STAT6-dependent activation of PPARγ and Nrf2 signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 201:98-110. [PMID: 36940733 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that alleviates inflammation and obesity. The induction of anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage is facilitated for treatment of sepsis and associated lung damage. However, whether irisin drives macrophage M2 polarization remains unclear. Here, we found that irisin induced-macrophage anti-inflammatory differentiation in vivo using an LPS-induced septic mice model and in vitro using RAW64.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Irisin also promoted the expression, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Inhibition or knockdown of PPAR-γ and Nrf2 abolished irisin-induced accumulation of M2 macrophage markers, such as interleukin (IL)-10 and Arginase 1. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) assays confirmed that STAT6 boosts PPAR-γ and Nrf2 transcription by binding to their DNA promoters in irisin-stimulated macrophages. In contrast, STAT6 shRNA blocked the irisin-induced activation of Pparγ, Nrf2, and related downstream genes. Moreover, the interaction of irisin with its ligand integrin αVβ5 remarkably promoted Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) phosphorylation, while inhibition or knockdown of integrin αVβ5 and JAK2 attenuated the activation of STAT6, PPAR-γ, and Nrf2 signaling. Interestingly, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay also revealed that the binding between JAK2 and integrin αVβ5 is critical for irisin-induced macrophage anti-inflammatory differentiation by enhancing the activation of the JAK2-STAT6 pathway. In conclusion, irisin boosted M2 macrophage differentiation by inducing JAK2-STAT6-dependent transcriptional activation of the PPAR-γ-related anti-inflammatory system and Nrf2-related antioxidant genes. The findings of this study suggest that the administration of irisin is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Tu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Deqin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaojie Guo
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Penghui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Liu X, Zhang H, Yan B, Yeung KWK, Liao Y, Ouyang L, Liu X. On-Off Phagocytosis and Switchable Macrophage Activation Stimulated with NIR for Infected Percutaneous Tissue Repair of Polypyrrole-Coated Sulfonated PEEK. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205048. [PMID: 36515274 PMCID: PMC9929275 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent control of the immune response is essential for obtaining percutaneous implants with good sterilization and tissue repair abilities. In this study, polypyrrole (Ppy) nanoparticles enveloping a 3D frame of sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SP) surface are constructed, which enhance the surface modulus and hardness of the sulfonated layer by forming a cooperative structure of simulated reinforced concrete and exhibit a superior photothermal effect. Ppy-coated SP could quickly accumulate heat on the surface by responding to 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light, thereby killing bacteria, and destroying biofilms. Under NIR stimulation, the phagocytosis and M1 activation of macrophages cultured on Ppy-coated SP are enhanced by activating complement 3 and its receptor, CD11b. Phagocytosis and M1 activation are impaired along with abolishment of NIR stimulation in the Ppy-coated SP group, which is favorable for tissue repair. Ppy-coated SP promotes Collagen-I, vascular endothelial growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, and α-actin (Acta2) expression by inducing M2 polarization owing to its higher surface modulus. Overall, Ppy-coated SP with enhanced mechanical properties could be a good candidate for clinical percutaneous implants through on-off phagocytosis and switchable macrophage activation stimulated with NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences1 Sub‐lane XiangshanHangzhou310024China
| | - Bangcheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Kelvin W. K. Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic TraumaGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Orthopaedic Trauma RepairDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong Kong Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518053China
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of PharmacyTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200336China
| | - Liping Ouyang
- Department of PharmacyTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200336China
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200336China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences1 Sub‐lane XiangshanHangzhou310024China
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Chen Y, Tang L. The crosstalk between parenchymal cells and macrophages: A keeper of tissue homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050188. [PMID: 36505488 PMCID: PMC9732730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) and parenchymal cells (PCs) collectively perform tissue-specific functions. PCs play significant roles and continuously adjust the intrinsic functions and metabolism of organs. Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are crucial members of native NPCs in tissues and are essential for immune defense, tissue repair and development, and homeostasis maintenance. As a plastic-phenotypic and prevalent cluster of NPCs, TRMs dynamically assist PCs in functioning by producing cytokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals, growth factors, and proteolytic enzymes. Furthermore, the PCs of tissues modulate the functional activity and polarization of TRMs. Dysregulation of the PC-TRM crosstalk axis profoundly impacts many essential physiological functions, including synaptogenesis, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, cardiac pulsation, gas exchange, blood filtration, and metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on the PC-TRM crosstalk in mammalian vital tissues, along with their interactions with tissue homeostasis maintenance and disorders. Thus, this review highlights the fundamental biological significance of the regulatory network of PC-TRM in tissue homeostasis.
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Li S, Liu G, Gu M, Li Y, Li Y, Ji Z, Li K, Wang Y, Zhai H, Wang Y. A novel therapeutic approach for IPF: Based on the "Autophagy - Apoptosis" balance regulation of Zukamu Granules in alveolar macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115568. [PMID: 35868548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zukamu Granules (ZKMG) is one of the representative Uygur patent drugs widely used in China, which is included in the National Essential Drugs List (2018 edition). As the first choice for common cold treatment in Uygur medicine theory, it has unique anti-inflammatory and antitussive efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY According to the recent inflammatory hypothesis, the abnormal proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis process of lung cells especially alveolar macrophages (AMs) may play an important role in the progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Therefore, we came up with a novel treatment approach for IPF by regulating the balance of AMs "autophagy - apoptosis", and took ZKMG as the sample drug for our research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology approach was conducted to predict the active components and intersected targets between ZKMG and inflammation. PPI network, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were screened and analyzed to predict the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ZKMG. Biological experiment adopted from 128 rats, and hematoxylin-eosin staining, flow cytometry and RT-PCR were performed to examine the pathological morphology, HYP contents in lung tissue, AMs counting, AMs apoptosis, AMs phagocytosis rate, mRNA relative quantity determination of 3 key factors associated with AMs "autophagy - apoptosis" and mRNA relative quantity determination of AMs surface receptor signaling pathway. RESULTS The predicted results showed that the mechanism of ZKMG in anti-inflammatory was related to the response and elimination of inflammatory stimuli, the intervention of apoptosis and surface receptor signaling pathways of cells. The verification experiments showed that excessive apoptosis and insufficient autophagy of AMs always existed in the progression of IPF. ZKMG could inhibit AMs proliferation, significantly reduce AMs apoptosis rate, intervene the binding of the Bcl-2 to Beclin 1, inhibit the Caspase 3 activation, stimulate the enhancement of AMs phagocytosis, and inhibit the high expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB surface receptor signaling pathway, which may partly retard the fibrosis process. CONCLUSION By inhibiting proliferation, enhancing phagocytosis, inhibiting the formation of Bcl-2 complex, and inhibiting the high expression of MYD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway, ZKMG can regulate the balance of AMs "autophagy - apoptosis" in the alveolitis stage to retard the fibrosis process partly. With a comprehensive strategy of "target prediction - experimental verification", we have demonstrated that inhibiting the apoptosis and promoting autophagy activity of AMs may suggest a new perspective for IPF treatment, which would provide reference for the subsequent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoxiu Liu
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Min Gu
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhihong Ji
- New Cicon Pharmaceutical Co LTD., Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Keao Li
- New Cicon Pharmaceutical Co LTD., Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Huaqiang Zhai
- Standardization Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Institute of Traditional Uygur Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Yongyan Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Absence of CCR2 Promotes Proliferation of Alveolar Macrophages That Control Lung Inflammation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112920. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) consists of uncontrolled inflammation that causes hypoxemia and reduced lung compliance. Since it is a complex process, not all details have been elucidated yet. In a well-controlled experimental murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS, the activity and viability of macrophages and neutrophils dictate the beginning and end phases of lung inflammation. C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) is a critical chemokine receptor that mediates monocyte/macrophage activation and recruitment to the tissues. Here, we used CCR2-deficient mice to explore mechanisms that control lung inflammation in LPS-induced ARDS. CCR2−/− mice presented higher total numbers of pulmonary leukocytes at the peak of inflammation as compared to CCR2+/+ mice, mainly by enhanced influx of neutrophils, whereas we observed two to six-fold lower monocyte or interstitial macrophage numbers in the CCR2−/−. Nevertheless, the time needed to control the inflammation was comparable between CCR2+/+ and CCR2−/−. Interestingly, CCR2−/− mice presented higher numbers and increased proliferative rates of alveolar macrophages from day 3, with a more pronounced M2 profile, associated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)22 production, decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-12b mRNA expression and increased mannose receptor type 1 (Mrc1) mRNA and CD206 protein expression. Depletion of alveolar macrophages significantly delayed recovery from the inflammatory insult. Thus, our work shows that the lower number of infiltrating monocytes in CCR2−/− is partially compensated by increased proliferation of resident alveolar macrophages during the inflammation control of experimental ARDS.
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Preexisting Heterogeneity of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Drives Differential Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages. mBio 2022; 13:e0225122. [PMID: 36121153 PMCID: PMC9600446 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02251-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is initiated by the inhalation and implantation of bacteria in the lung alveoli, where they are phagocytosed by macrophages. Even a single bacterium may be sufficient to initiate infection. Thereafter, the clinical outcome is highly variable between individuals, ranging from sterilization to active disease, for reasons that are not well understood. Here, we show that the rate of intracellular bacterial growth varies markedly between individual macrophages, and this heterogeneity is driven by cell-to-cell variation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity. At the single-cell level, iNOS expression fluctuates over time, independent of infection or activation with gamma interferon. We conclude that chance encounters between individual bacteria and host cells randomly expressing different levels of an antibacterial gene can determine the outcome of single-cell infections, which may explain why some exposed individuals clear the bacteria while others develop progressive disease. IMPORTANCE In this report, we demonstrate that fluctuations in the expression of antimicrobial genes can define how single host cells control bacterial infections. We show that preexisting cell-to-cell variation in the expression of a single gene, that for inducible nitric oxide synthase, is sufficient to explain why some macrophages kill intracellular M. tuberculosis while others fail to control bacterial replication, possibly leading to disease progression. We introduce the concept that chance encounters between heterogeneous bacteria and host cells can determine the outcome of a host-pathogen interaction. This concept is particularly relevant for all the infectious diseases in which the number of interacting pathogens and host cells is small at some point during the infection.
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In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects of Inonotus obliquus Extracts on Resting M0 Macrophages and LPS-Induced M1 Macrophages. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8251344. [PMID: 35497923 PMCID: PMC9050302 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8251344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) is a parasitic fungus that is distributed mainly in northeast China. Our literature research showed chaga polysaccharides have bilateral effects on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels when they exert antitumor and antidiabetic activities. The current research tried to explore the influence of chaga extracts on inflammatory factors via macrophage polarization which has bilateral immune-regulation not only on healthy tissue homeostasis but also on pathologies. Methods Chaga was extracted with 100°C water and precipitated with 80% ethanol. The extracts were studied on RAW264.7 macrophage at resting condition (M0) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated subtype (classic activated macrophage, M1). The IL-1β, TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO) level, and the protein expressions of M1 and alternative activated macrophage (M2) markers including IL-1β, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), mannose receptor (CD206), and arginase (Arg)-1 were compared. Results The 100 g extracts contained 13.7 g polysaccharides and 1.9 g polyphenols. Compared with M0, the 50 μg/mL extracts increased NO level (P < 0.05) and decreased CD206 and Arg-1 expression significantly (P < 0.05). The extracts at 100–200 μg/mL increased NO and TNF-α level (P < 0.05), but increased iNOS and IL-1β expression significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with M1, the extracts decreased NO level at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α level at 100–200 μg/mL significantly (P < 0.05). At 25–200 μg/mL, the extracts significantly increased CD206 and Arg-1 expression and decreased IL-1β and iNOS expression separately (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our research suggested that the bilateral effects of the chaga extracts on iNOS, IL-1β, and NO level on M0/M1 macrophages might be related with chaga polysaccharides and chaga polyphenols. Some in vivo anticancer and antidiabetic research of purified chaga polysaccharides related to macrophage differentiation should be conducted further.
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Could Interleukin-33 (IL-33) Govern the Outcome of an Equine Influenza Virus Infection? Learning from Other Species. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122519. [PMID: 34960788 PMCID: PMC8704309 DOI: 10.3390/v13122519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are important respiratory pathogens of horses and humans. Infected individuals develop typical respiratory disorders associated with the death of airway epithelial cells (AECs) in infected areas. Virulence and risk of secondary bacterial infections vary among IAV strains. The IAV non-structural proteins, NS1, PB1-F2, and PA-X are important virulence factors controlling AEC death and host immune responses to viral and bacterial infection. Polymorphism in these proteins impacts their function. Evidence from human and mouse studies indicates that upon IAV infection, the manner of AEC death impacts disease severity. Indeed, while apoptosis is considered anti-inflammatory, necrosis is thought to cause pulmonary damage with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as interleukin-33 (IL-33). IL-33 is a potent inflammatory mediator released by necrotic cells, playing a crucial role in anti-viral and anti-bacterial immunity. Here, we discuss studies in human and murine models which investigate how viral determinants and host immune responses control AEC death and subsequent lung IL-33 release, impacting IAV disease severity. Confirming such data in horses and improving our understanding of early immunologic responses initiated by AEC death during IAV infection will better inform the development of novel therapeutic or vaccine strategies designed to protect life-long lung health in horses and humans, following a One Health approach.
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