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Li Z, Li G, Li F, Zhang S, Wang X, Wu J, Sun R, Zhang S, Zhang H. Development of Ogura CMS Fertility-Restored Interspecific Hybrids for Use in Cytoplasm Replacement of Golden-Heart Materials in Brassica rapa. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1613. [PMID: 37628664 PMCID: PMC10454034 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is one of the important methods for hybrid seed production in cruciferous crops. The lack of a restorer of fertility gene (Rfo) in Brassica rapa L. restricts the development and utilization of its germplasm resources. In this research, Brassica napus with the Rfo gene was used to restore the fertility of Ogura CMS B. rapa with the golden heart trait. Through the distant cross of two B. rapa and four B. napus, six interspecific hybrid combinations received F1 seeds. The six combinations were different in seed receiving. By morphological observation and molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS), in F1, individuals containing the Rfo gene all appeared fertile, while those without it remained male-sterile. The pollen viability of the fertile individuals was measured, and the fertile lines of the six interspecific hybrid combinations were different (40.68-80.49%). Three individuals (containing both Rfo and GOLDEN genes) with the highest pollen vitality (≥60%) were backcrossed with fertile cytoplasmic B. rapa, resulting in a total of 800 plants. Based on the MAS, a total of 144 plants with GOLDEN but no Rfo were screened (18%). Moreover, through morphological investigation, one individual with normal cytoplasm, stable fertility but without the restoring gene Rfo, the GOLDEN gene, and morphological characteristics similar to those of B. rapa was obtained. These results increased the diversity of B. rapa germplasm and provided a new method for the utilization of CMS germplasm in Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (G.L.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (R.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (G.L.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (R.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (G.L.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (R.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shifan Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (G.L.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (R.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (G.L.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (R.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (G.L.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (R.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rifei Sun
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (G.L.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (R.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shujiang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (G.L.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (R.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (G.L.); (F.L.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (R.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Kitazaki K, Oda K, Akazawa A, Iwahori R. Molecular genetics of cytoplasmic male sterility and restorer-of-fertility for the fine tuning of pollen production in crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:156. [PMID: 37330934 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an increasingly important issue within the context of hybrid seed production. Its genetic framework is simple: S-cytoplasm for male sterility induction and dominant allele of the restorer-of-fertility gene (Rf) for suppression of S. However, breeders sometimes encounter a phenotype of CMS plants too complex to be explained via this simple model. The molecular basis of CMS provides clue to the mechanisms that underlie the expression of CMS. Mitochondria have been associated with S, and several unique ORFs to S-mitochondria are thought to be responsible for the induction of male sterility in various crops. Their functions are still the subject of debate, but they have been hypothesized to emit elements that trigger sterility. Rf suppresses the action of S by various mechanisms. Some Rfs, including those that encode the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein and other proteins, are now considered members of unique gene families that are specific to certain lineages. Additionally, they are thought to be complex loci in which several genes in a haplotype simultaneously counteract an S-cytoplasm and differences in the suite of genes in a haplotype can lead to multiple allelism including strong and weak Rf at phenotypic level. The stability of CMS is influenced by factors such as the environment, cytoplasm, and genetic background; the interaction of these factors is also important. In contrast, unstable CMS becomes inducible CMS if its expression can be controlled. CMS becomes environmentally sensitive in a genotype-dependent manner, suggesting the feasibility of controlling the expression of CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kitazaki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kotoko Oda
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akiho Akazawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryoma Iwahori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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3
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Xiao S, Song W, Xing J, Su A, Zhao Y, Li C, Shi Z, Li Z, Wang S, Zhang R, Pei Y, Chen H, Zhao J. ORF355 confers enhanced salinity stress adaptability to S-type cytoplasmic male sterility maize by modulating the mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:656-673. [PMID: 36223073 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Moderate stimuli in mitochondria improve wide-ranging stress adaptability in animals, but whether mitochondria play similar roles in plants is largely unknown. Here, we report the enhanced stress adaptability of S-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-S) maize and its association with mild expression of sterilizing gene ORF355. A CMS-S maize line exhibited superior growth potential and higher yield than those of the near-isogenic N-type line in saline fields. Moderate expression of ORF355 induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activated the cellular antioxidative defense system. This adaptive response was mediated by elevation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration and associated metabolic homeostasis. Metabolome analysis revealed broad metabolic changes in CMS-S lines, even in the absence of salinity stress. Metabolic products associated with amino acid metabolism and galactose metabolism were substantially changed, which underpinned the alteration of the antioxidative defense system in CMS-S plants. The results reveal the ORF355-mediated superior stress adaptability in CMS-S maize and might provide an important route to developing salt-tolerant maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jinfeng Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Aiguo Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yuanrong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huabang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
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Xiao S, Xing J, Nie T, Su A, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Song W, Zhao J. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of maize CMS-S subtypes provides new insights into male sterility stability. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:469. [PMID: 36180833 PMCID: PMC9526321 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a trait of economic importance in the production of hybrid seeds. In CMS-S maize, exerted anthers appear frequently in florets of field-grown female populations where only complete male-sterile plants were expected. It has been reported that these reversions are associated with the loss of sterility-conferring regions or other rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome. However, the relationship between mitochondrial function and sterility stability is largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, we determined the ratio of plants carrying exerted anthers in the population of two CMS-S subtypes. The subtype with a high ratio of exerted anthers was designated as CMS-Sa, and the other with low ratio was designated as CMS-Sb. Through next-generation sequencing, we assembled and compared mitochondrial genomes of two CMS-S subtypes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed strong similarities between the two mitochondrial genomes. The sterility-associated regions, S plasmids, and terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) were intact in both genomes. The two subtypes maintained high transcript levels of the sterility gene orf355 in anther tissue. Most of the functional genes/proteins were identical at the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence levels in the two subtypes, except for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1). In the mitochondrial genome of CMS-Sb, a 3.3-kilobase sequence containing nad1-exon1 was absent from the second copy of the 17-kb repeat region. Consequently, we detected two copies of nad1-exon1 in CMS-Sa, but only one copy in CMS-Sb. During pollen development, nad1 transcription and mitochondrial biogenesis were induced in anthers of CMS-Sa, but not in those of CMS-Sb. We suggest that the impaired mitochondrial function in the anthers of CMS-Sb is associated with its more stable sterility. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive analyses revealed diversity in terms of the copy number of the mitochondrial gene nad1-exon1 between two subtypes of CMS-S maize. This difference in copy number affected the transcript levels of nad1 and mitochondrial biogenesis in anther tissue, and affected the reversion rate of CMS-S maize. The results of this study suggest the involvement of mitochondrial robustness in modulation of sterility stability in CMS-S maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jingfeng Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Tiange Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Aiguo Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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Ren W, Si J, Chen L, Fang Z, Zhuang M, Lv H, Wang Y, Ji J, Yu H, Zhang Y. Mechanism and Utilization of Ogura Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Cruciferae Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169099. [PMID: 36012365 PMCID: PMC9409259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid production using lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has become an important way to utilize heterosis in vegetables. Ogura CMS, with the advantages of complete pollen abortion, ease of transfer and a progeny sterility rate reaching 100%, is widely used in cruciferous crop breeding. The mapping, cloning, mechanism and application of Ogura CMS and fertility restorer genes in Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and other cruciferous crops are reviewed herein, and the existing problems and future research directions in the application of Ogura CMS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ren
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinchao Si
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jialei Ji
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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6
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Yang H, Xue Y, Li B, Lin Y, Li H, Guo Z, Li W, Fu Z, Ding D, Tang J. The chimeric gene atp6c confers cytoplasmic male sterility in maize by impairing the assembly of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:872-886. [PMID: 35272047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a powerful tool for the exploitation of hybrid heterosis and the study of signaling and interactions between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. C-type CMS (CMS-C) in maize has long been used in hybrid seed production, but the underlying sterility factor and its mechanism of action remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial gene atp6c confers male sterility in CMS-C maize. The ATP6C protein shows stronger interactions with ATP8 and ATP9 than ATP6 during the assembly of F1Fo-ATP synthase (F-type ATP synthase, ATPase), thereby reducing the quantity and activity of assembled F1Fo-ATP synthase. By contrast, the quantity and activity of the F1' component are increased in CMS-C lines. Reduced F1Fo-ATP synthase activity causes accumulation of excess protons in the inner membrane space of the mitochondria, triggering a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), premature programmed cell death of the tapetal cells, and pollen abortion. Collectively, our study identifies a chimeric mitochondrial gene (ATP6C) that causes CMS in maize and documents the contribution of ATP6C to F1Fo-ATP synthase assembly, thereby providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of male sterility in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Bing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haochuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.
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Xu F, Yang X, Zhao N, Hu Z, Mackenzie SA, Zhang M, Yang J. Exploiting sterility and fertility variation in cytoplasmic male sterile vegetable crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab039. [PMID: 35039865 PMCID: PMC8807945 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has long been used to economically produce hybrids that harness growth vigor through heterosis. Yet, how CMS systems operate within commercially viable seed production strategies in various economically important vegetable crops, and their underlying molecular mechanisms, are often overlooked details that could expand the utility of CMS as a cost-effective and stable system. We provide here an update on the nature of cytoplasmic-nuclear interplay for pollen sterility and fertility transitions in vegetable crops, based on the discovery of components of nuclear fertility restoration and reversion determinants. Within plant CMS systems, pollen fertility can be rescued by the introduction of nuclear fertility restorer genes (Rfs), which operate by varied mechanisms to countermand the sterility phenotype. By understanding these systems, it is now becoming feasible to achieve fertility restoration with Rfs designed for programmable CMS-associated open reading frames (ORFs). Likewise, new opportunities exist for targeted disruption of CMS-associated ORFs by mito-TALENs in crops where natural Rfs have not been readily identified, providing an alternative approach to recovering fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile lines in crops. Recent findings show that facultative gynodioecy, as a reproductive strategy, can coordinate the sterility and fertility transition in response to environmental cues and/or metabolic signals that reflect ecological conditions of reproductive isolation. This information is important to devising future systems that are more inherently stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Xu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Sally A Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, 310058, China
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8
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Hao M, Yang W, Li T, Shoaib M, Sun J, Liu D, Li X, Nie Y, Tian X, Zhang A. Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Anthers of AL-type Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Its Maintainer Line Reveals New Insights into Mechanism of Male Sterility in Common Wheat. Front Genet 2022; 12:762332. [PMID: 34976010 PMCID: PMC8718765 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) plays an essential role in hybrid seeds production. In wheat, orf279 was reported as a CMS gene of AL-type male sterile line (AL18A), but its sterility mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the anthers of AL18A and its maintainer line (AL18B) were performed to interpret the sterility mechanism. Results showed that the electron transport chain and ROS scavenging enzyme expression levels changed in the early stages of the anther development. Biological processes, i.e., fatty acid synthesis, lipid transport, and polysaccharide metabolism, were abnormal, resulting in pollen abortion in AL18A. In addition, we identified several critical regulatory genes related to anther development through combined analysis of transcriptome and proteome. Most of the genes were enzymes or transcription factors, and 63 were partially homologous to the reported genic male sterile (GMS) genes. This study provides a new perspective of the sterility mechanism of AL18A and lays a foundation to study the functional genes of anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbin Nie
- Institute of Crop Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaoming Tian
- Institute of Crop Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences and anther development cytology between maintainer and Ogura-type cytoplasm male-sterile cabbage (B. oleracea Var. capitata). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:646. [PMID: 34493212 PMCID: PMC8425178 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been widely used for commercial F1 hybrid seeds production. CMS is primarily caused by chimeric genes in mitochondrial genomes. However, which specific stages of anther development in cabbage are affected by the chimeric genes remain unclear. Results In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and assembled for the maintainer and Ogura CMS cabbage lines. The genome size of the maintainer and Ogura CMS cabbage are 219,962 bp and 236,648 bp, respectively. There are 67 and 69 unknown function ORFs identified in the maintainer and Ogura CMS cabbage mitochondrial genomes, respectively. Four orfs, orf102a, orf122b, orf138a and orf154a were specifically identified in the Ogura CMS mitochondrial genome, which were likely generated by recombination with Ogura type radish during breeding process. Among them, ORF138a and ORF154a possessed a transmembrane structure, and orf138a was co-transcribed with the atp8 and trnfM genes. orf154a is partially homologous to the ATP synthase subunit 1 (atpA) gene. Both these genes were likely responsible for the CMS phenotype. In addition, cytological sections showed that the abnormal proliferation of tapetal cells might be the immediate cause of cytoplasmic male-sterility in Ogura CMS cabbage lines. RNA-seq results showed that orf138a and orf154a in Ogura CMS might influence transcript levels of genes in energy metabolic pathways. Conclusions The presence of orf138a and orf154a lead to increased of ATPase activity and ATP content by affecting the transcript levels of genes in energy metabolic pathways, which could provide more energy for the abnormal proliferation of tapetal cells. Our data provides new insights into cytoplasmic male-sterility from whole mitochondrial genomes, cytology of anther development and transcriptome data. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07963-x.
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Melonek J, Duarte J, Martin J, Beuf L, Murigneux A, Varenne P, Comadran J, Specel S, Levadoux S, Bernath-Levin K, Torney F, Pichon JP, Perez P, Small I. The genetic basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in wheat. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1036. [PMID: 33589621 PMCID: PMC7884431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid wheat varieties give higher yields than conventional lines but are difficult to produce due to a lack of effective control of male fertility in breeding lines. One promising system involves the Rf1 and Rf3 genes that restore fertility of wheat plants carrying Triticum timopheevii-type cytoplasmic male sterility (T-CMS). Here, by genetic mapping and comparative sequence analyses, we identify Rf1 and Rf3 candidates that can restore normal pollen production in transgenic wheat plants carrying T-CMS. We show that Rf1 and Rf3 bind to the mitochondrial orf279 transcript and induce cleavage, preventing expression of the CMS trait. The identification of restorer genes in wheat is an important step towards the development of hybrid wheat varieties based on a CMS-Rf system. The characterisation of their mode of action brings insights into the molecular basis of CMS and fertility restoration in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Melonek
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jorge Duarte
- Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Jerome Martin
- Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Laurent Beuf
- Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Alain Murigneux
- Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Pierrick Varenne
- Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Jordi Comadran
- Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Sebastien Specel
- Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Sylvain Levadoux
- Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Kalia Bernath-Levin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - François Torney
- Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | | | - Pascual Perez
- Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Ian Small
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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11
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Abstract
Brassica oleracea is an important vegetable species which belongs to the genus Brassica and the mustard family Brassicaceae Burnett. Strong heterosis in B. oleracea is displayed in yield, quality, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. Heterosis breeding is the main way to improve B. oleracea varieties. Male sterile mutants play an important role in the utilization of heterosis and the study of development and regulation in plant reproduction. In this paper, advances in the research and application of male sterility in B. oleracea were reviewed, including aspects of the genetics, cytological characteristics, discovery of genes related to male sterility, and application of male sterility in B. oleracea. Moreover, the main existing problems and prospect of male sterility application in B. oleracea were addressed and a new hybrids’ production strategy with recessive genic male sterility is introduced.
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12
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Arakawa T, Matsunaga M, Matsui K, Itoh K, Kuroda Y, Matsuhira H, Kitazaki K, Kubo T. The molecular basis for allelic differences suggests Restorer-of-fertility 1 is a complex locus in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:503. [PMID: 33143645 PMCID: PMC7607634 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widely used trait for hybrid seed production in many crops. Sugar beet CMS is associated with a unique mitochondrial protein named preSATP6 that forms a 250-kDa complex. Restorer-of-fertility 1 (Rf1) is a nuclear gene that suppresses CMS and is, hence, one of the targets of sugar beet breeding. Rf1 has dominant, semi-dominant and recessive alleles, suggesting that it may be a multi-allelic locus; however, the molecular basis for differences in genetic action is obscure. Molecular cloning of Rf1 revealed a gene (orf20) whose protein products produced in transgenics can bind with preSATP6 to generate a novel 200-kDa complex. The complex is also detected in fertility-restored anthers concomitant with a decrease in the amount of the 250-kDa complex. Molecular diversity of the Rf1 locus involves organizational diversity of a gene cluster composed of orf20-like genes (RF-Oma1s). We examined the possibility that members of the clustered RF-Oma1 in this locus could be associated with fertility restoration. RESULTS Six yet uncharacterized RF-Oma1s from dominant and recessive alleles were examined to determine whether they could generate the 200-kDa complex. Analyses of transgenic calli revealed that three RF-Oma1s from a dominant allele could generate the 200-kDa complex, suggesting that clustered RF-Oma1s in the dominant allele can participate in fertility restoration. None of the three copies from two recessive alleles was 200-kDa generative. The absence of this ability was confirmed by analyzing mitochondrial complexes in anthers of plants having these recessive alleles. Together with our previous data, we designed a set of PCR primers specific to the 200-kDa generative RF-Oma1s. The amount of mRNA measured by this primer set inversely correlated with the amount of the 250-kDa complex in anthers and positively correlated with the strength of the Rf1 alleles. CONCLUSIONS Fertility restoration by sugar beet Rf1 can involve multiple RF-Oma1s clustered in the locus, implying that stacking 200-kDa generative copies in the locus strengthens the efficacy, whereas the absence of 200-kDa generative copies in the locus makes the allele recessive irrespective of the copy number. We propose that sugar beet Rf1 is a complex locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Arakawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
- Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Agricultural Technology in Hilly and Mountainous Areas, Nakatsugawa, 508-0203, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Matsunaga
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Katsunori Matsui
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kanna Itoh
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroda
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shinsei Minami 9-4, Memuro, 082-0081, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsuhira
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shinsei Minami 9-4, Memuro, 082-0081, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kitazaki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kubo
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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13
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Singh S, Dey SS, Bhatia R, Kumar R, Behera TK. Current understanding of male sterility systems in vegetable Brassicas and their exploitation in hybrid breeding. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:231-256. [PMID: 31053901 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overview of the current status of GMS and CMS systems available in Brassica vegetables, their molecular mechanism, wild sources of sterile cytoplasm and exploitation of male sterility in hybrid breeding. The predominantly herbaceous family Brassicaceae (crucifers or mustard family) encompasses over 3700 species, and many of them are scientifically and economically important. The genus Brassica is an economically important genus within the tribe Brassicaceae that comprises important vegetable, oilseed and fodder crops. Brassica vegetables display strong hybrid vigor, and heterosis breeding is the integral part in their improvement. Commercial production of F1 hybrid seeds in Brassica vegetables requires an effective male sterility system. Among the available male sterility systems, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the most widely exploited in Brassica vegetables. This system is maternally inherited and studied intensively. A limited number of reports about the genic male sterility (GMS) are available in Brassica vegetables. The GMS system is reported to be dominant, recessive and trirecessive in nature in different species. In this review, we discuss the available male sterility systems in Brassica vegetables and their potential use in hybrid breeding. The molecular mechanism of mt-CMS and causal mitochondrial genes of CMS has been discussed in detail. Finally, the exploitation of male sterility system in heterosis breeding of Brassica vegetables, future prospects and need for further understanding of these systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Singh
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S S Dey
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Reeta Bhatia
- Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - T K Behera
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
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14
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Development of KASP marker for cytoplasmic male sterility in Nicotiana tabacum and utilization in trait introgression. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Wu Z, Hu K, Yan M, Song L, Wen J, Ma C, Shen J, Fu T, Yi B, Tu J. Mitochondrial genome and transcriptome analysis of five alloplasmic male-sterile lines in Brassica juncea. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:348. [PMID: 31068124 PMCID: PMC6507029 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alloplasmic lines, in which the nuclear genome is combined with wild cytoplasm, are often characterized by cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), regardless of whether it was derived from sexual or somatic hybridization with wild relatives. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the mitochondrial genomes of five such alloplasmic lines in Brassica juncea. Results The assembled and annotated mitochondrial genomes of the five alloplasmic lines were found to have virtually identical gene contents. They preserved most of the ancestral mitochondrial segments, and the same candidate male sterility gene (orf108) was found harbored in mitotype-specific sequences. We also detected promiscuous sequences of chloroplast origin that were conserved among plants of the Brassicaceae, and found the RNA editing profiles to vary across the five mitochondrial genomes. Conclusions On the basis of our characterization of the genetic nature of five alloplasmic mitochondrial genomes, we speculated that the putative candidate male sterility gene orf108 may not be responsible for the CMS observed in Brassica oxyrrhina and Diplotaxis catholica. Furthermore, we propose the potential coincidence of CMS in alloplasmic lines. Our findings lay the foundation for further elucidation of male sterility gene. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5721-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxiang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kaining Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengjiao Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liping Song
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Sub-Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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16
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Ning L, Wang H, Li D, Lin Z, Li Y, Zhao W, Chao H, Miao L, Li M. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Shaan2A Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Its Maintainer Line in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:252. [PMID: 30886625 PMCID: PMC6409359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines are widely used for hybrid production in Brassica napus. The Shaan2A CMS system is one of the most important in China and has been used for decades; however, the male sterility mechanism underlying Shaan2A CMS remains unknown. Here, we performed transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, combined with additional morphological observation, in the Shaan2A CMS. Sporogenous cells, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum could not be clearly distinguished in Shaan2A anthers. Furthermore, Shaan2A anther chloroplasts contained fewer starch grains than those in Shaan2B (a near-isogenic line of Shaan2A), and the lamella structure of chloroplasts in Shaan2A anther wall cells was obviously aberrant. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly related to carbon metabolism, lipid and flavonoid metabolism, and the mitochondrial electron transport/ATP synthesis pathway. Proteomic results showed that differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and genetic information processing pathways. Importantly, nine gene ontology categories associated with anther and pollen development were enriched among down-regulated DEGs at the young bud (YB) stage, including microsporogenesis, sporopollenin biosynthetic process, and tapetal layer development. Additionally, 464 down-regulated transcription factor (TF) genes were identified at the YB stage, including some related to early anther differentiation such as SPOROCYTELESS (SPL, also named NOZZLE, NZZ), DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1), MYB80 (formerly named MYB103), and ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS). These results suggested that the sterility gene in the Shaan2A mitochondrion might suppress expression of these TF genes in the nucleus, affecting early anther development. Finally, we constructed an interaction network of candidate proteins based on integrative analysis. The present study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of Shaan2A CMS in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Ning
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Dianrong Li
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyun Miao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
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17
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Arakawa T, Ue S, Sano C, Matsunaga M, Kagami H, Yoshida Y, Kuroda Y, Taguchi K, Kitazaki K, Kubo T. Identification and characterization of a semi-dominant restorer-of-fertility 1 allele in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:227-240. [PMID: 30341492 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The sugar beet Rf1 locus has a number of molecular variants. We found that one of the molecular variants is a weak allele of a previously identified allele. Male sterility (MS) caused by nuclear-mitochondrial interaction is called cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in which MS-inducing mitochondria are suppressed by a nuclear gene, restorer-of-fertility. Rf and rf are the suppressing and non-suppressing alleles, respectively. This dichotomic view, however, seems somewhat unsatisfactory to explain the recently discovered molecular diversity of Rf loci. In the present study, we first identified sugar beet line NK-305 as a new source of Rf1. Our crossing experiment revealed that NK-305 Rf1 is likely a semi-dominant allele that restores partial fertility when heterozygous but full fertility when homozygous, whereas Rf1 from another sugar beet line appeared to be a dominant allele. Proper degeneration of anther tapetum is a prerequisite for pollen development; thus, we compared tapetal degeneration in the NK-305 Rf1 heterozygote and the homozygote. Degeneration occurred in both genotypes but to a lesser extent in the heterozygote, suggesting an association between NK-305 Rf1 dose and incompleteness of tapetal degeneration leading to partial fertility. Our protein analyses revealed a quantitative correlation between NK-305 Rf1 dose and a reduction in the accumulation of a 250 kDa mitochondrial protein complex consisting of a CMS-specific mitochondrial protein encoded by MS-inducing mitochondria. The abundance of Rf1 transcripts correlated with NK-305 Rf1 dose. The molecular organization of NK-305 Rf1 suggested that this allele evolved through intergenic recombination. We propose that the sugar beet Rf1 locus has a series of multiple alleles that differ in their ability to restore fertility and are reflective of the complexity of Rf evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Arakawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N-9, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Ue
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N-9, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N-9, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Matsunaga
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N-9, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kagami
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N-9, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yu Yoshida
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N-9, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroda
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shinsei Minami 9-4, Memuro, 082-0081, Japan
| | - Kazunori Taguchi
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shinsei Minami 9-4, Memuro, 082-0081, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kitazaki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N-9, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kubo
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N-9, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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18
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Han F, Zhang X, Yang L, Zhuang M, Zhang Y, Li Z, Fang Z, Lv H. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis of Ogura-CMS Cabbage and Its Maintainer Line. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3180. [PMID: 30326665 PMCID: PMC6214076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) contributes considerably to hybrid seed production in Brassica crops. To detect the key protein species and pathways involved in Ogura-CMS, we analysed the proteome of the cabbage Ogura-CMS line CMS01-20 and its corresponding maintainer line F01-20 using the isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach. In total, 162 differential abundance protein species (DAPs) were identified between the two lines, of which 92 were down-accumulated and 70 were up-accumulated in CMS01-20. For energy metabolism in the mitochondrion, eight DAPs involved in oxidative phosphorylation were down-accumulated in CMS01-20, whereas in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, five DAPs were up-accumulated, which may compensate for the decreased respiration capacity and may be associated with the elevated O2 consumption rate in Ogura-CMS plants. Other key protein species and pathways involved in pollen wall assembly and programmed cell death (PCD) were also identified as being male-sterility related. Transcriptome profiling revealed 3247 differentially expressed genes between the CMS line and the fertile line. In a conjoint analysis of the proteome and transcriptome data, 30 and 9 protein species/genes showed the same and opposite accumulation patterns, respectively. Nine noteworthy genes involved in sporopollenin synthesis, callose wall degeneration, and oxidative phosphorylation were presumably associated with the processes leading to male sterility, and their expression levels were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. This study will improve our understanding of the protein species involved in pollen development and the molecular mechanisms underlying Ogura-CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Han
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biologyand Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Tianjin Kernel Vegetable Research Institute, The National Key Laboratory of Vegetable GermplasmInnovation, The Enterprise key Laboratory of Tianjin Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Jinjing Road,Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Limei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biologyand Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biologyand Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biologyand Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhansheng Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biologyand Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biologyand Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biologyand Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
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19
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Xie H, Peng X, Qian M, Cai Y, Ding X, Chen Q, Cai Q, Zhu Y, Yan L, Cai Y. The chimeric mitochondrial gene orf182 causes non-pollen-type abortion in Dongxiang cytoplasmic male-sterile rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:715-726. [PMID: 29876974 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
D1-cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) rice is a sporophytic cytoplasmic male-sterile rice developed from Dongxiang wild rice that exhibits a no-pollen-grain phenotype. A mitochondrial chimeric gene (orf182) was detected by mitochondrial genome sequencing and a comparative analysis. Orf182 is composed of three recombinant fragments, the largest of which is homologous to Sorghum bicolor mitochondrial sequences. In addition, orf182 was found only in wild rice species collected from China. Northern blot analysis showed that orf182 transcripts were affected by Rf genes in the isocytoplasmic restorer line DR7. Western blot analysis showed that the ORF182 product was localized in the mitochondria of the CMS line. An expression cassette containing orf182 fused to a mitochondrial transit peptide induced the maintainer line of male sterility, which lacked pollen grains in the anthers. Furthermore, the in vivo expression of orf182 also inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, with lower respiration rate, excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species and decreased ATP levels. We conclude that the mitochondrial chimeric gene orf182 possesses a unique structure and origin differing from other identified mitochondrial CMS genes, and this gene is connected to non-pollen type of sporophytic male sterility in D1-CMS rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xie
- Jiangxi Super-rice Research and Development Center, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojue Peng
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingjuan Qian
- Jiangxi Super-rice Research and Development Center, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice, Nanchang, China
| | - Yicong Cai
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Ding
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiying Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Youlin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longan Yan
- Jiangxi Super-rice Research and Development Center, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaohui Cai
- Jiangxi Super-rice Research and Development Center, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice, Nanchang, China
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Arakawa T, Uchiyama D, Ohgami T, Ohgami R, Murata T, Honma Y, Hamada H, Kuroda Y, Taguchi K, Kitazaki K, Kubo T. A fertility-restoring genotype of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is composed of a weak restorer-of-fertility gene and a modifier gene tightly linked to the Rf1 locus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198409. [PMID: 29856854 PMCID: PMC5983528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a plant trait that involves interactions between nuclear- and mitochondrial genomes. In CMS, the nuclear restorer-of-fertility gene (Rf), a suppressor of male-sterility inducing mitochondria, is one of the best known genetic factors. Other unidentified genetic factors may exist but have not been well characterized. In sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), CMS is used for hybrid seed production, but few male-sterility inducing nuclear genotypes exist. Such genotypes could be introduced from a closely related plant such as leaf beet, but first the fertility restoring genotype of the related plant must be characterized. Here, we report the discovery of a Japanese leaf beet accession ‘Fukkoku-ouba’ that has both male-sterility inducing and fertility restoring genotypes. We crossed the leaf beet accession with a sugar beet CMS line, developed succeeding generations, and examined the segregation of two DNA markers that are linked to two sugar beet Rfs, Rf1 and Rf2. Only the Rf2 marker co-segregated with fertility restoration in every generation, implying that the Rf1 locus in leaf beet is occupied by a non-restoring allele. Fertility restoration was incomplete without a genetic factor closely linked to Rf1, leading to the assumption that the Rf1 locus encodes a modifier that cannot restore fertility by itself but perhaps strengthens another Rf. We sequenced the apparently non-restoring ‘Fukkoku-ouba’ rf1 gene-coding region and found that it closely resembles a restoring allele. The protein product demonstrated its potential to suppress CMS in transgenic suspension cells. In contrast, ‘Fukkoku-ouba’ rf1 transcript abundance was highly reduced compared to that of the restoring Rf1. Consistently, changes in protein complexes containing CMS-associated mitochondrial protein in anthers were very minor. Accordingly, we concluded that ‘Fukkoku-ouba’ rf1 is a hypomorph that acts as a non-restoring allele but has the potential to support another Rf, i.e. it is a modifier candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Arakawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uchiyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohgami
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohgami
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Murata
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yujiro Honma
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hamada
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroda
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Memuro, Japan
| | - Kazunori Taguchi
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Memuro, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiko Kubo
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Gupta R, Reddy PS, Reddy BP, Reddy DS, Sameerkumar CV, Saxena RK, Sharma KK. A novel mitochondrial orf147 causes cytoplasmic male sterility in pigeonpea by modulating aberrant anther dehiscence. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:131-147. [PMID: 29667000 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A novel open reading frame (ORF) identified and cloned from the A4 cytoplasm of Cajanus cajanifolius induced partial to complete male sterility when introduced into Arabidopsis and tobacco. Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) is the only legume known to have commercial hybrid seed technology based on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). We identified a novel ORF (orf147) from the A4 cytoplasm of C. cajanifolius that was created via rearrangements in the CMS line and co-transcribes with the known and unknown sequences. The bi/poly-cistronic transcripts cause gain-of-function variants in the mitochondrial genome of CMS pigeonpea lines having distinct processing mechanisms and transcription start sites. In presence of orf147, significant repression of Escherichia coli growth indicated its toxicity to the host cells and induced partial to complete male sterility in transgenic progenies of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum where phenotype co-segregated with the transgene. The male sterile plants showed aberrant floral development and reduced lignin content in the anthers. Gene expression studies in male sterile pigeonpea, Arabidopsis and tobacco plants confirmed down-regulation of several anther biogenesis genes and key genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, indicative of regulation of retrograde signaling. Besides providing evidence for the involvement of orf147 in pigeonpea CMS, this study provides valuable insights into its function. Cytotoxicity and aberrant programmed cell death induced by orf147 could be important for mechanism underlying male sterility that offers opportunities for possible translation for these findings for exploiting hybrid vigor in other recalcitrant crops as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India.
| | - Ranadheer Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Bommineni Pradeep Reddy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Dumbala Srinivas Reddy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - C V Sameerkumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Rachit Kumar Saxena
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Kiran K Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India.
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Heng S, Gao J, Wei C, Chen F, Li X, Wen J, Yi B, Ma C, Tu J, Fu T, Shen J. Transcript levels of orf288 are associated with the hau cytoplasmic male sterility system and altered nuclear gene expression in Brassica juncea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:455-466. [PMID: 29301015 PMCID: PMC5853284 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is primarily caused by chimeric genes located in the mitochondrial genomes. In Brassica juncea, orf288 has been identified as a CMS-associated gene in the hau CMS line; however, neither the specific abortive stage nor the molecular function of the gene have been determined. We therefore characterized the hau CMS line, and found that defective mitochondria affect the development of archesporial cells during the L2 stage, leading to male sterility. The expression level of the orf288 transcript was higher in the male-sterility line than in the fertility-restorer line, although no significant differences were apparent at the protein level. The toxicity region of ORF288 was found to be located near the N-terminus and repressed growth of Escherichia coli. However, transgenic expression of different portions of ORF288 indicated that the region that causes male sterility resides between amino acids 73 and 288, the expression of which in E. coli did not result in growth inhibition. Transcriptome analysis revealed a wide range of genes involved in anther development and mitochondrial function that were differentially expressed in the hau CMS line. This study provides new insights into the hau CMS mechanism by which orf288 affects the fertility of Brassica juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangping Heng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- College of Life Science, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Fengyi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xianwen Li
- College of Life Science, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Correspondence:
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Ding X, Chen Q, Bao C, Ai A, Zhou Y, Li S, Xie H, Zhu Y, Cai Y, Peng X. Expression of a mitochondrial gene orfH79 from CMS-Honglian rice inhibits Escherichia coli growth via deficient oxygen consumption. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1125. [PMID: 27478742 PMCID: PMC4951385 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has often been associated with abnormal mitochondrial open frames (ORF), orfH79 is a mitochondrial chimeric gene responsible for the CMS trait in Honglian (HL) rice. In this study, the weakly produced ORFH79 protein significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli in an oxygen culture, however, the growth of the transformants producing ORFH79 was indistinguishable from the control under anaerobic incubation conditions. In addition, a lower respiration rate, wrinkled bacterial surfaces, and decreased pyruvate kinase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activities were observed in the ORFH79 produced E. coli. These results indicate that ORFH79 impairs the oxygen respiration of E. coli, which may inhibit E. coli growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Canming Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Ai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- Jiangxi Super-Rice Research and Development Center, Nanchang, 330200 People's Republic of China
| | - Youlin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohui Cai
- Jiangxi Super-Rice Research and Development Center, Nanchang, 330200 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojue Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 People's Republic of China
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Lin C, Zhang C, Zhao H, Xing S, Wang Y, Liu X, Yuan C, Zhao L, Dong Y. Sequencing of the chloroplast genomes of cytoplasmic male-sterile and male-fertile lines of soybean and identification of polymorphic markers. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 229:208-214. [PMID: 25443847 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The RN-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system used to develop Hybsoy-1, the first commercial hybrid soybean, has been subsequently applied to generate nearly all released soybean hybrids. Although more than 3 years are needed to classify sterile (S) and normal male-fertile (F) cytoplasms by conventional crossing, such classifications can be performed rapidly using organellar DNA-based molecular markers. Except for fertility, the agronomic traits of CMS hybrid soybean sterile and maintainer lines are identical. Consequently, it is difficult to distinguish them by routine visual inspection in the mixture arising in the course of field planting and harvesting during breeding. In this study, we performed next-generation sequencing of chloroplast DNAs of F- and S-cytoplasmic soybeans, assembled and annotated the genomes, and identified polymorphisms distinguishing them. Chloroplast DNAs of F and S cytoplasms were very similar in size (152,215 and 152,222 base pairs) and GC contents (35.37%). Among 23 shared SNPs in gene coding regions, we identified four that could be used in conjunction with restriction endonucleases to distinguish S and F cytoplasms. Although CMS is likely associated with mitochondrial DNA, maternal transmission of mitochondrial and chloroplast DNAs allows polymorphisms in either genome to be used to classify soybean cytoplasms, aiding hybrid soybean cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Lin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Chunbao Zhang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Hongkun Zhao
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Shaochen Xing
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Cuiping Yuan
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun 130033, PR China.
| | - Yingshan Dong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun 130033, PR China.
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25
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Qin X, Warguchuk R, Arnal N, Gaborieau L, Mireau H, Brown GG. In vivo functional analysis of a nuclear restorer PPR protein. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:313. [PMID: 25403785 PMCID: PMC4240901 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear restorers of cytoplasmic male fertility (CMS) act to suppress the male sterile phenotype by down-regulating the expression of novel CMS-specifying mitochondrial genes. One such restorer gene is Rfo, which restores fertility to the radish Ogura or ogu CMS. Rfo, like most characterized restorers, encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein, a family of eukaryotic proteins characterized by tandem repeats of a 35 amino acid motif. While over 400 PPR genes are found in characterized plant genomes and the importance of this gene family in organelle gene expression is widely recognized, few detailed in vivo assessments of primary structure-function relationships in this protein family have been conducted. RESULTS In contrast to earlier studies, which identified 16 or 17 PPR domains in the Rfo protein, we now find, using a more recently developed predictive tool, that Rfo has 18 repeat domains with the additional domain N-terminal to the others. Comparison of transcript sequences from pooled rfo/rfo plants with pooled Rfo/Rfo plants of a mapping population led to the identification of a non-restoring rfo allele with a 12 bp deletion in the fourth domain. Introduction into ogu CMS plants of a genetic construct in which this deletion had been introduced into Rfo led to a partial loss in the capacity to produce viable pollen, as assessed by vital staining, pollen germination and the capacity for seed production following pollination of CMS plants. The degree of viable pollen production among different transgenic plants roughly correlated with the copy number of the introduced gene and with the reduction of the levels of the ORF138 CMS-associated protein. All other constructs tested, including one in which only the C-terminal PPR repeat was deleted and another in which this repeat was replaced by the corresponding domain of the related, non-restoring gene, PPR-A, failed to result in any measure of fertility restoration. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the additional PPR domain in Rfo indicates that the protein, apart from its N-terminal mitochondrial targeting presequence, consists almost entirely of PPR repeats. The newly identified rfo allele carries the same 4 amino acid deletion as that found in the neighboring, related, non-restoring PPR gene, PPR-A. Introduction of this four amino acid deletion into a central domain the Rfo protein, however, only partially reduces its restoration capacity, even though this alteration might be expected to alter the spacing between the adjoining repeats. All other tested alterations, generated by deleting specific PPR repeats or exchanging repeats with corresponding domains of PPR-A, led to a complete loss of restorer function. Overall we demonstrate that introduction of targeted alterations of Rfo into ogu CMS plants provides a sensitive in vivo readout for analysis of the relationship between primary structure and biological function in this important family of plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xike Qin
- />Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Doctor Penfield Ave., Montreal, QC H3A 1B1 Canada
- />Current address: Lady Davis Institute for Medical research, 3999 Cote Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, QC H3T 1E2 Canada
| | - Richard Warguchuk
- />Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Doctor Penfield Ave., Montreal, QC H3A 1B1 Canada
- />Current address: Deparment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Nadège Arnal
- />INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
- />AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
- />Current address: INRA, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Lydiane Gaborieau
- />Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Doctor Penfield Ave., Montreal, QC H3A 1B1 Canada
| | - Hakim Mireau
- />INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
- />AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Gregory G Brown
- />Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Doctor Penfield Ave., Montreal, QC H3A 1B1 Canada
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Basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor BcbHLHpol functions as a positive regulator of pollen development in non-heading Chinese cabbage. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 14:731-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Cytoplasmic male sterility and mitochondrial metabolism in plants. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt B:166-71. [PMID: 24769053 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common feature encountered in plant species. It is the result of a genomic conflict between the mitochondrial and the nuclear genomes. CMS is caused by mitochondrial encoded factors which can be counteracted by nuclear encoded factors restoring male fertility. Despite extensive work, the molecular mechanism of male sterility still remains unknown. Several studies have suggested the involvement of respiration on the disruption of pollen production through an energy deficiency. By comparing recent works on CMS and respiratory mutants, we suggest that the "ATP hypothesis" might not be as obvious as previously suggested.
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Li Y, Liu T, Duan W, Song X, Shi G, Zhang J, Deng X, Zhang S, Hou X. Instability in mitochondrial membranes in Polima cytoplasmic male sterility of Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 14:441-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hu J, Huang W, Huang Q, Qin X, Yu C, Wang L, Li S, Zhu R, Zhu Y. Mitochondria and cytoplasmic male sterility in plants. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt B:282-8. [PMID: 24566371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in cells not only because they supply over 90% of the cell's energy but also because their dysfunction is associated with disease. Owing to the importance of mitochondria, there are many questions about mitochondria that must be answered. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a mysterious natural phenomenon, and the mechanism of the origin of CMS is unknown. Despite successful utilization of CMS and restoration of fertility (Rf) in practice, the underlying mechanisms of these processes remain elusive. This review summarizes the genes involved in CMS and Rf, with a special focus on recent studies reporting the mechanisms of the CMS and Rf pathways, and concludes with potential working models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wenchao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiaojian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Changchun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Renshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yingguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China.
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Kang J, Guo Y, Chen Y, Li H, Zhang L, Liu H. Upregulation of the AT-hook DNA binding gene BoMF2 in OguCMS anthers of Brassica oleracea suggests that it encodes a transcriptional regulatory factor for anther development. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2005-14. [PMID: 24443226 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (OguCMS) is the most important CMS system used for F1 hybrid cabbage production worldwide. The anther abortion and defective pollen development exhibited in OguCMS are coordinately regulated by the mitochondrial male sterile gene orf138 and many nuclear transcriptional regulatory factors. AT-hook DNA binding proteins regulate cell-specific gene expression. In this study, we cloned the gene encoding the AT-hook DNA binding protein BoMF2 using the cDNA-AFLP TDF sequence, which was upregulated in OguCMS cabbage flower buds, as a querying probe. BoMF2 contains a 783-nt continuous complete open reading frame encoding a 260 amino-acid polypeptide. In vivo transient expression assays using GFP fusions showed that BoMF2 protein was located in the nucleus. BoMF2 was preferentially expressed in cabbage stamens, with a short expression window at anther development stage 7-8. However, in OguCMS flowers, BoMF2 expression continued into the mature pollen stage and was concomitant with the continued proliferation of tapetum cells exhibited in this mutant. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing BoMF2 showed significantly shorter siliques than the wild type, as well as decrease of pollen viability. These results suggest that BoMF2, a transcriptional regulatory factor, might regulate tapetum proliferation during anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungen Kang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China,
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31
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Abstract
In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with coupled nuclear genes or by nuclear genes alone; the resulting conditions are known as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and genic male sterility (GMS), respectively. CMS and GMS facilitate hybrid seed production for many crops and thus allow breeders to harness yield gains associated with hybrid vigor (heterosis). In CMS, layers of interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear genes control its male specificity, occurrence, and restoration of fertility. Environment-sensitive GMS (EGMS) mutants may involve epigenetic control by noncoding RNAs and can revert to fertility under different growth conditions, making them useful breeding materials in the hybrid seed industry. Here, we review recent research on CMS and EGMS systems in crops, summarize general models of male sterility and fertility restoration, and discuss the evolutionary significance of these reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources
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Dahan J, Mireau H. The Rf and Rf-like PPR in higher plants, a fast-evolving subclass of PPR genes. RNA Biol 2013; 10:1469-76. [PMID: 23872480 DOI: 10.4161/rna.25568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, a number of nuclear genes restoring cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) have been cloned in various crop species. The majority of these genes have been shown to encode pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPR) that act by specifically suppressing the expression of sterility-causing mitochondrial transcripts. Functional analysis of these proteins has indicated that the inhibitory effects of restoring PPR (Rf-PPR) proteins involve various mechanisms, including RNA cleavage, RNA destabilization, or translation inhibition. Cross-species sequence comparison of PPR protein complements revealed that most plant genomes encode 10-30 Rf-like (RFL) proteins sharing high-sequence similarity with the identified Rf-PPRs from crops. Evolutionary analyses further showed that they constitute a monophyletic group apart in the PPR family, with peculiar evolution dynamic and constraints. Here we review recent data on RF-PPRs and present the latest discoveries on the RFL family, with prospects on the functionality and evolution of this peculiar subclass of PPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dahan
- INRA; UMR1318; Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin; RD10; Versailles, France; AgroParisTech; Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin; RD10; Versailles, France
| | - Hakim Mireau
- INRA; UMR1318; Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin; RD10; Versailles, France; AgroParisTech; Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin; RD10; Versailles, France
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Hu J, Huang W, Huang Q, Qin X, Dan Z, Yao G, Zhu R, Zhu Y. The mechanism of ORFH79 suppression with the artificial restorer fertility gene Mt-GRP162. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:52-58. [PMID: 23647140 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The restoration fertility complex (RFC) was previously identified in Honglian (HL)-cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) rice (Oryza sativa), and glycine-rich protein 162 (GRP162) is responsible for binding to the CMS-associated transcript atp6-orfH79. Here, we engineered a recombinant GRP162 containing the mitochondrial transit peptide, termed Mt-GRP162, as an artificial restorer of fertility (Rf) gene. Mt-GRP162 was confirmed to bind to CMS-associated RNA and to localize to the mitochondria. The transgenic plants showed restored fertility with partially functional pollen. We found that the expression of ORFH79 decreased in transgenic plants, while the expression of atp6-orfH79 was not changed. These findings indicate that Mt-GRP162 restores fertility by suppressing the expression of the cytotoxic protein ORFH79 at the post-transcriptional level rather than via the cleavage of atp6-orfH79 in the presence of RFC. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of restoration through diverse pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenchao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwu Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li J, Pandeya D, Jo YD, Liu WY, Kang BC. Reduced activity of ATP synthase in mitochondria causes cytoplasmic male sterility in chili pepper. PLANTA 2013; 237:1097-109. [PMID: 23274393 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait characterized by the inability to produce functional pollen. The CMS-associated protein Orf507 (reported as Orf456 in previous researches) was previously identified as a candidate gene for mediating male sterility in pepper. Here, we performed yeast two-hybrid analysis to screen for interacting proteins, and found that the ATP synthase 6 kDa subunit containing a mitochondrial signal peptide (MtATP6) specifically interacted with Orf507. In addition, the two proteins were found to be interacted in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Further functional characterization of Orf507 revealed that the encoded protein is toxic to bacterial cells. Analysis of tissue-specific expression of ATP synthase 6 kDa showed that the transcription level was much lower in anthers of the CMS line than in their wild type counterparts. In CMS plants, ATP synthase activity and content were reduced by more than half compared to that of the normal plants. Taken together, it can be concluded that reduced ATP synthase activity and ATP content might have affected pollen development in CMS plants. Here, we hypothesize that Orf507 might cause MtATP6 to be nonfunctional by changing the latter's conformation or producing an inhibitor that prevents the normal functioning of MtATP6. Thus, further functional analysis of mitochondrial Orf507 will provide insights into the mechanisms underlying CMS in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Li
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dong X, Kim WK, Lim YP, Kim YK, Hur Y. Ogura-CMS in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) causes delayed expression of many nuclear genes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 199-200:7-17. [PMID: 23265314 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism regulating cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis using floral bud transcriptome analyses of Ogura-CMS Chinese cabbage and its maintainer line in B. rapa 300-K oligomeric probe (Br300K) microarrays. Ogura-CMS Chinese cabbage produced few and infertile pollen grains on indehiscent anthers. Compared to the maintainer line, CMS plants had shorter filaments and plant growth, and delayed flowering and pollen development. In microarray analysis, 4646 genes showed different expression, depending on floral bud size, between Ogura-CMS and its maintainer line. We found 108 and 62 genes specifically expressed in Ogura-CMS and its maintainer line, respectively. Ogura-CMS line-specific genes included stress-related, redox-related, and B. rapa novel genes. In the maintainer line, genes related to pollen coat and germination were specifically expressed in floral buds longer than 3mm, suggesting insufficient expression of these genes in Ogura-CMS is directly related to dysfunctional pollen. In addition, many nuclear genes associated with auxin response, ATP synthesis, pollen development and stress response had delayed expression in Ogura-CMS plants compared to the maintainer line, which is consistent with the delay in growth and development of Ogura-CMS plants. Delayed expression may reduce pollen grain production and/or cause sterility, implying that mitochondrial, retrograde signaling delays nuclear gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Dong
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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36
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Wang J, Jiang J, Li X, Li A, Zhang Y, Guan R, Wang Y. Complete sequence of heterogenous-composition mitochondrial genome (Brassica napus) and its exogenous source. BMC Genomics 2012. [PMID: 23190559 PMCID: PMC3561098 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike maternal inheritance of mitochondria in sexual reproduction, somatic hybrids follow no obvious pattern. The introgressed segment orf138 from the mitochondrial genome of radish (Raphanus sativus) to its counterpart in rapeseed (Brassica napus) demonstrates that this inheritance mode derives from the cytoplasm of both parents. Sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome of five species from Brassica family allowed the prediction of other extraneous sources of the cybrids from the radish parent, and the determination of their mitochondrial rearrangement. RESULTS We obtained the complete mitochondrial genome of Ogura-cms-cybrid (oguC) rapeseed. To date, this is the first time that a heterogeneously composed mitochondrial genome was sequenced. The 258,473 bp master circle constituted of 33 protein-coding genes, 3 rRNA sequences, and 23 tRNA sequences. This mitotype noticeably holds two copies of atp9 and is devoid of cox2-2. Relative to nap mitochondrial genome, 40 point mutations were scattered in the 23 protein-coding genes. atp6 even has an abnormal start locus whereas tatC has an abnormal end locus. The rearrangement of the 22 syntenic regions that comprised 80.11% of the genome was influenced by short repeats. A pair of large repeats (9731 bp) was responsible for the multipartite structure. Nine unique regions were detected when compared with other published Brassica mitochondrial genome sequences. We also found six homologous chloroplast segments (Brassica napus). CONCLUSIONS The mitochondrial genome of oguC is quite divergent from nap and pol, which are more similar with each other. We analyzed the unique regions of every genome of the Brassica family, and found that very few segments were specific for these six mitotypes, especially cam, jun, and ole, which have no specific segments at all. Therefore, we conclude that the most specific regions of oguC possibly came from radish. Compared with the chloroplast genome, six identical regions were found in the seven mitochondrial genomes, which show that the Brassica family has a stable chloroplast-derived source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Tanaka Y, Tsuda M, Yasumoto K, Yamagishi H, Terachi T. A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Ogura-type male-sterile cytoplasm and its comparative analysis with that of normal cytoplasm in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). BMC Genomics 2012; 13:352. [PMID: 22846596 PMCID: PMC3473294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant mitochondrial genome has unique features such as large size, frequent recombination and incorporation of foreign DNA. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is caused by rearrangement of the mitochondrial genome, and a novel chimeric open reading frame (ORF) created by shuffling of endogenous sequences is often responsible for CMS. The Ogura-type male-sterile cytoplasm is one of the most extensively studied cytoplasms in Brassicaceae. Although the gene orf138 has been isolated as a determinant of Ogura-type CMS, no homologous sequence to orf138 has been found in public databases. Therefore, how orf138 sequence was created is a mystery. In this study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of two radish mitochondrial genomes, namely, Ogura- and normal-type genomes, and analyzed them to reveal the origin of the gene orf138. RESULTS Ogura- and normal-type mitochondrial genomes were assembled to 258,426-bp and 244,036-bp circular sequences, respectively. Normal-type mitochondrial genome contained 33 protein-coding and three rRNA genes, which are well conserved with the reported mitochondrial genome of rapeseed. Ogura-type genomes contained same genes and additional atp9. As for tRNA, normal-type contained 17 tRNAs, while Ogura-type contained 17 tRNAs and one additional trnfM. The gene orf138 was specific to Ogura-type mitochondrial genome, and no sequence homologous to it was found in normal-type genome. Comparative analysis of the two genomes revealed that radish mitochondrial genome consists of 11 syntenic regions (length >3 kb, similarity >99.9%). It was shown that short repeats and overlapped repeats present in the edge of syntenic regions were involved in recombination events during evolution to interconvert two types of mitochondrial genome. Ogura-type mitochondrial genome has four unique regions (2,803 bp, 1,601 bp, 451 bp and 15,255 bp in size) that are non-syntenic to normal-type genome, and the gene orf138 was found to be located at the edge of the largest unique region. Blast analysis performed to assign the unique regions showed that about 80% of the region was covered by short homologous sequences to the mitochondrial sequences of normal-type radish or other reported Brassicaceae species, although no homology was found for the remaining 20% of sequences. CONCLUSIONS Ogura-type mitochondrial genome was highly rearranged compared with the normal-type genome by recombination through one large repeat and multiple short repeats. The rearrangement has produced four unique regions in Ogura-type mitochondrial genome, and most of the unique regions are composed of known Brassicaceae mitochondrial sequences. This suggests that the regions unique to the Ogura-type genome were generated by integration and shuffling of pre-existing mitochondrial sequences during the evolution of Brassicaceae, and novel genes such as orf138 could have been created by the shuffling process of mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tanaka
- 31 Laboratory, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
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Jing B, Heng S, Tong D, Wan Z, Fu T, Tu J, Ma C, Yi B, Wen J, Shen J. A male sterility-associated cytotoxic protein ORF288 in Brassica juncea causes aborted pollen development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1285-95. [PMID: 22090439 PMCID: PMC3276091 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread phenomenon in higher plants, and several studies have established that this maternally inherited defect is often associated with a mitochondrial mutant. Approximately 10 chimeric genes have been identified as being associated with corresponding CMS systems in the family Brassicaceae, but there is little direct evidence that these genes cause male sterility. In this study, a novel chimeric gene (named orf288) was found to be located downstream of the atp6 gene and co-transcribed with this gene in the hau CMS sterile line. Western blotting analysis showed that this predicted open reading frame (ORF) was translated in the mitochondria of male-sterile plants. Furthermore, the growth of Escherichia coli was significantly repressed in the presence of ORF288, which indicated that this protein is toxic to the E. coli host cells. To confirm further the function of orf288 in male sterility, the gene was fused to a mitochondrial-targeting pre-sequence under the control of the Arabidopsis APETALA3 promoter and introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana. Almost 80% of transgenic plants with orf288 failed to develop anthers. It was also found that the independent expression of orf288 caused male sterility in transgenic plants, even without the transit pre-sequence. Furthermore, transient expression of orf288 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a fused protein in A. thaliana protoplasts showed that ORF288 was able to anchor to mitochondria even without the external mitochondrial-targeting peptide. These observations provide important evidence that orf288 is responsible for the male sterility of hau CMS in Brassica juncea.
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Duroc Y, Hiard S, Vrielynck N, Ragu S, Budar F. The Ogura sterility-inducing protein forms a large complex without interfering with the oxidative phosphorylation components in rapeseed mitochondria. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 70:123-37. [PMID: 19199092 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility causing protein, ORF138, was found to be part of a complex with an apparent size of over 750 kDa in the inner membrane of mitochondria of sterile plants. ORF138 did not colocalize with any of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes, nor did its presence modify their apparent size or amount, compared to samples from fertile isogenic plants. We attempted to detect potential proteins or nucleic acids that could be involved in the large ORF138 complex by 2D PAGE, immunoprecipitation and nuclease treatments of native extracts. All our results suggest that the ORF138 protein is the main, if not only, component of this large complex. The capacities of complexes I, II, IV, and ATP synthase were identical in samples from sterile and fertile plants. Isolated mitochondria from sterile plants showed a higher oxygen consumption than those from fertile plants. In vivo respiration measurements suggest that the difference in O(2) consumption measured at the organelle level is compensated at the cell/tissue level, completely in leaves, but only partially in male reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Duroc
- Station de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA UR254, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles cedex, France
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40
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Uyttewaal M, Arnal N, Quadrado M, Martin-Canadell A, Vrielynck N, Hiard S, Gherbi H, Bendahmane A, Budar F, Mireau H. Characterization of Raphanus sativus pentatricopeptide repeat proteins encoded by the fertility restorer locus for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility. THE PLANT CELL 2008; 20:3331-45. [PMID: 19098270 PMCID: PMC2630448 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.057208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility is a maternally inherited trait in higher plants that prevents the production of functional pollen. Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility in radish (Raphanus sativus) is regulated by the orf138 mitochondrial locus. Male fertility can be restored when orf138 accumulation is suppressed by the nuclear Rfo locus, which consists of three genes putatively encoding highly similar pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPR-A, -B, and -C). We produced transgenic rapeseed (Brassica napus) plants separately expressing PPR-A and PPR-B and demonstrated that both encoded proteins accumulated preferentially in the anthers of young flower buds. Immunodetection of ORF138 showed that, unlike PPR-B, PPR-A had no effect on the synthesis of the sterility protein. Moreover, immunolocalization experiments indicated that complete elimination of ORF138 from the tapetum of anthers correlated with the restoration of fertility. Thus, the primary role of PPR-B in restoring fertility is to inhibit ORF138 synthesis in the tapetum of young anthers. In situ hybridization experiments confirmed, at the cellular level, that PPR-B has no effect on the accumulation of orf138 mRNA. Lastly, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that PPR-B, but not PPR-A, is associated with the orf138 RNA in vivo, linking restoration activity with the ability to directly or indirectly interact with the orf138 RNA. Together, our data support a role for PPR-B in the translational regulation of orf138 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uyttewaal
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes, 78026 Versailles, France
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Peng X, Li F, Li S, Zhu Y. Expression of a mitochondrial gene orfH79 from the CMS-HongLian rice inhibits Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth and causes excessive ROS accumulation and decrease in ATP. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 31:409-14. [PMID: 19039529 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has often been associated with abnormal mitochondrial open reading frames (ORF), orfH79 is a mitochondria chimeric gene being responsible for the CMS trait in Honglian (HL) rice. Weakly expressed ORFH79 strongly inhibits the growth of yeast cells. In addition, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the transformants that expressed ORFH79 was increased by 31%, and ATP was decreased by 41% compared with the control. These results showed ORFH79 peptide is toxic to yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojue Peng
- Key Laboratory of MOE for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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42
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Yang S, Terachi T, Yamagishi H. Inhibition of chalcone synthase expression in anthers of Raphanus sativus with Ogura male sterile cytoplasm. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2008; 102:483-9. [PMID: 18625698 PMCID: PMC2701772 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Expression of the mitochondrial gene orf138 causes Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Raphanus sativus, but little is known about the mechanism by which CMS takes place. A preliminary microarray experiment revealed that several nuclear genes concerned with flavonoid biosynthesis were inhibited in the male-sterile phenotype. In particular, a gene for one of the key enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase (CHS), was strongly inhibited. A few reports have suggested that the inhibition of CHS causes nuclear-dependent male sterile expression; however, there do not appear to be any reports elucidating the effect of CHS on CMS expression. In this study, the expression patterns of the early genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, including CHS, were investigated in normal and male-sterile lines. METHODS In order to determine the aberrant stage for CMS expression, the characteristics of male-sterile anthers are observed using light and transmission electron microscopy for several stages of flower buds. The expression of CHS and the other flavonoid biosynthetic genes in the anthers were compared between normal and male-sterile types using real time RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS Among the flavonoid biosynthetic genes analysed, the expression of CHS was strongly inhibited in the later stages of anther development in sterility cytoplasm; accumulation of putative naringenin derivatives was also inhibited. CONCLUSIONS These results show that flavonoids play an important role in the development of functional pollen, not only in nuclear-dependent male sterility, but also in CMS.
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Giancola S, Rao Y, Chaillou S, Hiard S, Martin-Canadell A, Pelletier G, Budar F. Cytoplasmic suppression of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility in European natural populations of Raphanus raphanistrum. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2007; 114:1333-43. [PMID: 17318491 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) of radish has been used for hybrid seed production in radish and Brassica crops. It is the only CMS system occurring in wild populations for which the gene responsible for sterility and a restorer gene have been formally identified. In Japan, gynodioecious populations of radish carrying Ogura or an Ogura-related cytoplasm have been described. The occurrence of restorer genes for the Ogura CMS in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) in France led us to search for the corresponding male sterility gene (orf138) in several natural populations in France, England and Lebanon. We detected the orf138 gene, by PCR, at low frequency, in three populations from France and one from Southern England. Further molecular characterization showed that these plants carried a cytoplasm closely related to the original Ogura cytoplasm, with a variant orf138 coding sequence, previously reported to be ancestral. We performed crosses with sterile and maintainer radish lines, to test the ability of this wild Ogura-related cytoplasm to induce sterility. Surprisingly, the European Ogura-related cytoplasm did not cause sterility. Northern blots and circular RT-PCR analyses showed that orf138 gene expression was impaired in these plants because of a novel cytoplasm-dependent transcript-processing site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Giancola
- Station de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA UR254, Versailles, France
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44
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Ivanov MK, Dymshits GM. Cytoplasmic male sterility and restoration of pollen fertility in higher plants. RUSS J GENET+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795407040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Meur G, Gaikwad K, Bhat SR, Prakash S, Kirti PB. Homeotic-like modification of stamens to petals is associated with aberrant mitochondrial gene expression in cytoplasmic male sterile Ogura Brassica juncea. J Genet 2006; 85:133-9. [PMID: 17072082 DOI: 10.1007/bf02729019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported correction of severe leaf chlorosis in the cytoplasmic male sterile Ogura (also called Ogu) Brassica juncea line carrying Ogura cytoplasm by plastid substitution via protoplast fusion. Two cybrids obtained from the fusion experiment, Og1 and Og2, were green and carried the plastid genome of B. juncea cv. RLM198. While Og1 displayed normal flower morphology comparable to that of its euplasmic B. juncea counterpart except for sterile anthers, Og2 retained homeotic-like floral modification of stamens to petal-like structures and several other floral deformities observed in the chlorotic (Ogu) B. juncea cv. RLM198 (or OgRLM). With respect to the mitochondrial genome, Og1 showed 81% genetic similarity to the fertile cultivar RLM while Og2 showed 93% similarity to OgRLM. In spite of recombination and rearrangements in the mitochondrial genomes in the cybrids, expression patterns of 10 out of 11 mitochondrial genes were similar in all the three CMS lines; the only exception was atp6, whose expression was altered. While Og1 showed normal atp6 transcript similar to that in RLM, in Og2 and OgRLM weak expression of a longer transcript was detected. These results suggest that the homeotic-like changes in floral patterning leading to petaloid stamens in Og2 and OgRLM may be associated with aberrant mitochondrial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Meur
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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Wang Z, Zou Y, Li X, Zhang Q, Chen L, Wu H, Su D, Chen Y, Guo J, Luo D, Long Y, Zhong Y, Liu YG. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro II cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related PPR motif genes via distinct modes of mRNA silencing. THE PLANT CELL 2006; 18:676-87. [PMID: 16489123 PMCID: PMC1383642 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.038240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and nucleus-controlled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools to exploit heterosis in crops. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this kind of cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction remains unclear. Here, we show in rice (Oryza sativa) with Boro II cytoplasm that an abnormal mitochondrial open reading frame, orf79, is cotranscribed with a duplicated atp6 (B-atp6) gene and encodes a cytotoxic peptide. Expression of orf79 in CMS lines and transgenic rice plants caused gametophytic male sterility. Immunoblot analysis showed that the ORF79 protein accumulates specifically in microspores. Two fertility restorer genes, Rf1a and Rf1b, were identified at the classical locus Rf-1 as members of a multigene cluster that encode pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. RF1A and RF1B are both targeted to mitochondria and can restore male fertility by blocking ORF79 production via endonucleolytic cleavage (RF1A) or degradation (RF1B) of dicistronic B-atp6/orf79 mRNA. In the presence of both restorers, RF1A was epistatic over RF1B in the mRNA processing. We have also shown that RF1A plays an additional role in promoting the editing of atp6 mRNAs, independent of its cleavage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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