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Rossi S, Tudino V, Carullo G, Butini S, Campiani G, Gemma S. Metalloenzyme Inhibitors against Zoonotic Infections: Focus on Leishmania and Schistosoma. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1520-1535. [PMID: 38669567 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The term "zoonosis" denotes diseases transmissible among vertebrate animals and humans. These diseases constitute a significant public health challenge, comprising 61% of human pathogens and causing an estimated 2.7 million deaths annually. Zoonoses not only affect human health but also impact animal welfare and economic stability, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis are two important neglected tropical diseases with a high prevalence in tropical and subtropical areas, imposing significant burdens on affected regions. Schistosomiasis, particularly rampant in sub-Saharan Africa, lacks alternative treatments to praziquantel, prompting concerns regarding parasite resistance. Similarly, leishmaniasis poses challenges with unsatisfactory treatments, urging the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Effective prevention demands a One Health approach, integrating diverse disciplines to enhance diagnostics and develop safer drugs. Metalloenzymes, involved in parasite biology and critical in different biological pathways, emerged in the last few years as useful drug targets for the treatment of human diseases. Herein we have reviewed recent reports on the discovery of inhibitors of metalloenzymes associated with zoonotic diseases like histone deacetylases (HDACs), carbonic anhydrase (CA), arginase, and heme-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Tudino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-7346, Iran
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Retana Moreira L, Steller Espinoza MF, Chacón Camacho N, Cornet-Gomez A, Sáenz-Arce G, Osuna A, Lomonte B, Abrahams Sandí E. Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by a Clinical Isolate of Naegleria fowleri and Identification of Immunogenic Components within Their Protein Cargo. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:983. [PMID: 36101365 PMCID: PMC9312180 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid vesicles released by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, involved in intercellular communication, immunomodulation and pathogenesis. In this study, we performed a characterization of the EVs produced by trophozoites of a clinical isolate of the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri). Size distribution, zeta potential, protein profile and protease activity were analyzed. Under our incubation conditions, EVs of different sizes were observed, with a predominant population ranging from 206 to 227 nm. SDS-PAGE revealed protein bands of 25 to 260 KDa. The presence of antigenic proteins was confirmed by Western blot, which evidenced strongest recognition by rat polyclonal antibodies raised against N. fowleri in the region close to 80 KDa and included peptidases, as revealed by zymography. Proteins in selected immunorecognized bands were further identified using nano-ESI-MS/MS. A preliminary proteomic profile of the EVs identified at least 184 proteins as part of the vesicles' cargo. Protease activity assays, in combination with the use of inhibitors, revealed the predominance of serine proteases. The present characterization uncovers the complexity of EVs produced by N. fowleri, suggesting their potential relevance in the release of virulence factors involved in pathogenicity. Owing to their cargo's diversity, further research on EVs could reveal new therapeutic targets or biomarkers for developing rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for lethal infections such as the one caused by this amoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissette Retana Moreira
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; (M.F.S.E.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.)
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - María Fernanda Steller Espinoza
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; (M.F.S.E.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Natalia Chacón Camacho
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; (M.F.S.E.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Alberto Cornet-Gomez
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Parasitología Molecular (CTS 183), Departamento de Parasitología, Campus de Fuentenueva, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.C.-G.); (A.O.)
| | | | - Antonio Osuna
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Parasitología Molecular (CTS 183), Departamento de Parasitología, Campus de Fuentenueva, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.C.-G.); (A.O.)
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica;
| | - Elizabeth Abrahams Sandí
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; (M.F.S.E.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.)
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
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Bamra T, Shafi T, Das S, Kumar M, Dikhit MR, Kumar A, Kumar A, Abhishek K, Pandey K, Sen A, Das P. Leishmania donovani Secretory Mevalonate Kinase Regulates Host Immune Response and Facilitates Phagocytosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:641985. [PMID: 33981628 PMCID: PMC8110032 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.641985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania secretes over 151 proteins during in vitro cultivation. Cellular functions of one such novel protein: mevalonate kinase is discussed here; signifying its importance in Leishmania infection. Visceral Leishmaniasis is a persistent infection, caused by Leishmania donovani in Indian subcontinent. This persistence is partly due to phagocytosis and evasion of host immune response. The underlying mechanism involves secretory proteins of Leishmania parasite; however, related studies are meagre. We have identified a novel secretory Leishmania donovani glycoprotein, Mevalonate kinase (MVK), and shown its importance in parasite internalization and immuno-modulation. In our studies, MVK was found to be secreted maximum after 1 h temperature stress at 37°C. Its secretion was increased by 6.5-fold in phagolysosome-like condition (pH ~5.5, 37°C) than at pH ~7.4 and 25°C. Treatment with MVK modulated host immune system by inducing interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 secretion, suppressing host’s ability to kill the parasite. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived macrophages infected with mevalonate kinase-overexpressing parasites showed an increase in intracellular parasite burden in comparison to infection with vector control parasites. Mechanism behind the increase in phagocytosis and immunosuppression was found to be phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway protein, Extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2, and actin scaffold protein, cortactin. Thus, we conclude that Leishmania donovani Mevalonate kinase aids in parasite engulfment and subvert the immune system by interfering with signal transduction pathways in host cells, which causes suppression of the protective response and facilitates their persistence in the host. Our work elucidates the involvement of Leishmania in the process of phagocytosis which is thought to be dependent largely on macrophages and contributes towards better understanding of host pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Bamra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Taj Shafi
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | - Manjay Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Dikhit
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Abhik Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Paik D, Pramanik PK, Chakraborti T. Curative efficacy of purified serine protease inhibitor PTF3 from potato tuber in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106623. [PMID: 32504996 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the drug toxicity and frequent resistance of parasites against the conventional drugs for the healing of human visceral leishmaniasis, innovative plant derived antileishmanial components are very imperative. Fuelled by the complications of clinically available antileishmanial drugs, a novel potato serine protease inhibitor was identified with its efficacy on experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The serine protease inhibitors from potato tuber extract (PTEx) bearing molecular mass of 39 kDa (PTF1), 23 kDa (PTF2) and 17 kDa (PTF3) were purified and identified. Among them, PTF3 was selected as the most active inhibitor (IC50 143.5 ± 2.4 µg/ml) regarding its antileishmanial property. Again, intracellular amastigote load was reduced upto 83.1 ± 1.7% in pre-treated parasite and 88.5 ± 0.5% in in vivo model with effective dose of PTF3. Protective immune response by PTF3 was noted with increased production of antimicrobial substances and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therapeutic potency of PTF3 is also followed by 80% survival in infected hamster. The peptide mass fingerprint (MALDI-TOF) results showed similarity of PTF3 with serine protease inhibitors database. Altogether, these results strongly propose the effectiveness of PTF3 as potent immunomodulatory therapeutics for controlling VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Paik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Pijush Kanti Pramanik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Lasse C, Azevedo CS, de Araújo CN, Motta FN, Andrade MA, Rocha AP, Sampaio I, Charneau S, Gèze M, Grellier P, Santana JM, Bastos IMD. Prolyl Oligopeptidase From Leishmania infantum: Biochemical Characterization and Involvement in Macrophage Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1060. [PMID: 32547514 PMCID: PMC7271538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is a flagellated protozoan and one of the main causative agents of visceral leishmaniasis. This disease usually affects the human reticuloendothelial system, can cause death and available therapies may lead to serious side effects. Since it is a neglected tropical disease, the incentives for the development of new drugs are insufficient. It is important to know Leishmania virulence factors that contribute most to the disease in order to develop drugs. In the present work, we have produced L. infantum prolyl oligopeptidase (rPOPLi) in Escherichia coli, and investigated its biochemical properties as well as the effect of POP inhibitors on its enzymatic activity and on the inhibition of the macrophage infection by L. infantum. The optimal activity occurred at pH 7.5 and 37°C in the presence of DTT, the latter increased rPOPLi catalytic efficiency 5-fold on the substrate N-Suc-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-AMC. The enzyme was inhibited by TPCK, TLCK and by two POP specific inhibitors, Z-Pro-prolinal (ZPP, IC50 4.2 nM) and S17092 (IC50 3.5 nM). Besides being a cytoplasmic enzyme, POPLi is also found in punctuate structures within the parasite cytoplasm or associated with the parasite plasma membrane in amastigotes and promastigotes, respectively. Interestingly, S17092 and ZPP prevented parasite invasion in murine macrophages, supporting the involvement of POPLi in the invasive process of L. infantum. These data suggest POPLi as a virulence factor that offers potential as a target for designing new antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lasse
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Clênia S Azevedo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,UMR 7245 MCAM, Musèum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Carla N de Araújo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Flávia N Motta
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Milene A Andrade
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,UMR 7245 MCAM, Musèum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Amanda Pereira Rocha
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Iracyara Sampaio
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marc Gèze
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Musèum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.,CeMIM, Musèum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Musèum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Jaime M Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Izabela M D Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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6
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Serine protease inhibitors rich Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt leaf extract induces protective immune responses in murine visceral leishmaniasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:224-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Alam MN, Chakraborti S, Paik D, Bagchi A, Chakraborti T. Functional attribution of LdISP, an endogenous serine protease inhibitor from Leishmania donovani in promoting infection. Biochimie 2018; 147:105-113. [PMID: 29366936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by unicellular eukaryotic protozoa of the genus Leishmania, affects more than 12 million people worldwide. Events of leishmaniasis are based on the infection of the mammalian host, precisely macrophages, where both host and parasite derived proteases and endogenous inhibitors are significant. Pathogen derived protease inhibitors have generated considerable interest as they often act as an agent promoting infection and parasitic survivability. An endogenous serine protease inhibitor from Indian strain of Leishmania donovani was previously identified by our group and named as LdISP. It has been found to inhibit neutrophil elastase (NE), responsible for natural inflammation process. However, LdISP's role in progression of infection or the proteomics based structural exposition has not been explored. The present study is aimed to localize and validate the potential role of LdISP in infectivity. We found that LdISP localized endogenously and treatment of infected host cells with LdISP curbs ROS and NO production. Additionally, in silico studies are carried out to predict the putative amino acid residues of LdISP involved in the inhibition process. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LdISP eventually exerts a pronounced role in L. donovani infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nur Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sajal Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyendu Paik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Angshuman Bagchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India.
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8
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Understanding serine proteases implications on Leishmania spp lifecycle. Exp Parasitol 2018; 184:67-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Leishmania donovani serine protease encapsulated in liposome elicits protective immunity in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Microbes Infect 2017; 20:37-47. [PMID: 28970116 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of L. donovani intracellular serine protease (SP-Ld) in combination with Freund's adjuvant and liposomal formulations against experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The animals were immunized with SP-Ld in combination with adjuvant and evaluated for its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against Leishmania donovani. The infection was initially assessed by microscopic examination. Immunogenicity of SP-Ld was measured by detecting protease specific-IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a levels by ELISA. Cytokines levels were measured by ELISA and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The vaccine efficacy of SP-Ld was also evaluated by measuring antibody response and survival potency in hamster model. SP-Ld vaccinated Balb/c mice resulted significant reduction of parasite burden with increased levels of IgG2a and decreased levels of IgG1. SP-Ld vaccination also induced Th1 type immune response with the rise of IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α with decreased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β. Importantly, liposomal incorporated SP-Ld exerted better protection rather than in combination with Freund's adjuvant. Additionally, liposome encapsulated SP-Ld vaccinated hamsters continued to survive beyond 8 months against virulent L. donovani post challenge. Overall, these findings demonstrated SP-Ld as an effective immunogen which opens a new perspective for the generation of potential vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis.
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Pramanik A, Paik D, Naskar K, Chakraborti T. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Leaf Extract Exhibits Antileishmanial Effect Through Pro-inflammatory Response: An In Vitro Study. Curr Microbiol 2016; 74:59-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Paik D, Das P, Naskar K, Pramanik PK, Chakraborti T. Protective inflammatory response against visceral leishmaniasis with potato tuber extract: A new approach of successful therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1295-1302. [PMID: 27567589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of drug resistance issue of Leishmania donovani strain to common drugs compels to develop new therapeutics against leishmaniasis with minimal toxicity. In this regard, bioactive phytocomponents may lead to the discovery of new medicines with appropriate efficiency. The important roles of Leishmania proteases in the virulence of Leishmania parasite make them very hopeful targets for the improvement of current remedial of leishmaniasis. As part of a hunt for new drugs, we have evaluated in vivo anti-leishmanial activity of serine protease inhibitor rich fraction (PTEx), isolated by sodium bisulfite extraction from potato tuber. The amastigote load of 25mg/kg body weight/day treated BALB/c mice showed 86.9% decrease in liver and 88.7% in case of spleen. This anti-leishmanial effect was also supported by PTEx induced immunomodulatory activity like acute formation of ROS and prolonged NO generation. The Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in splenocytes of PTEx treated animals was estimated and evaluated by ELISA assay as well as by mRNA expression using RT-PCR. Furthermore, significant survival rate (80%) was observed in PTEx treated hamsters. Thus, from the present observations we could accentuate the potential of PTEx to be employed as a new therapeutics from natural source against L. donovani. This might also provide a novel perception of natural serine protease inhibitor from potato tuber as an alternate approach for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Paik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Kshudiram Naskar
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pijush Kanti Pramanik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Alam MN, Das P, De T, Chakraborti T. Identification and characterization of a Leishmania donovani serine protease inhibitor: Possible role in regulation of host serine proteases. Life Sci 2015; 144:218-25. [PMID: 26656469 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to identify, purify, and characterize an endogenous serine protease inhibitor from an Indian strain of Leishmania donovani, which causes the fatal visceral leishmaniasis. MAIN METHODS (i) Reverse zymography was used to identify the serine protease inhibitor by inhibiting the gelatinolytic activity of serine protease. (ii) Purification was performed by combining heat treatment, ultracentrifugation, and affinity and gel permeation chromatography. (iii) Spectrophotometric assays were conducted to quantify and compare the inhibitory activity of the L. donovani serine protease inhibitor (LdISP). (iv) Further, the protein was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometry (MS). KEY FINDINGS An endogenous inhibitor with an apparent molecular weight of 21.8 kDa, which is acidic in nature, having a pI of 5.9 was identified. The Ki value of the inhibitor for trypsin was determined to be in the nanomolar range. The protein has the following features: (i) ecotin-like nature, (ii) cross-organism functionality, that is, an inhibitory effect on the serine proteases of higher organisms other than its own, and (iii) homology with other such proteins from a different species of Leishmania on conducting protein mass fingerprinting after MALDI ToF MS. SIGNIFICANCE The inhibitor shows varying and entirely contrasting efficacies toward serine proteases of its own as well as of higher organisms. This indicates that it accelerates disease progression and drives parasite survival as it inhibits the activities of the host serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nur Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tripti De
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Paik D, Das P, De T, Chakraborti T. In vitro anti-leishmanial efficacy of potato tuber extract (PTEx): Leishmanial serine protease(s) as putative target. Exp Parasitol 2014; 146:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Vyas IK, Jamerson M, Cabral GA, Marciano-Cabral F. Identification of Peptidases in Highly Pathogenic vs. Weakly Pathogenic Naegleria fowleri
Amebae. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2014; 62:51-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishan K. Vyas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23298
| | - Melissa Jamerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23298
| | - Guy A. Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23298
| | - Francine Marciano-Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23298
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Role of phospholemman and the 70 kDa inhibitor protein in regulating Na+/K+ ATPase activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells under U46619 stimulation. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3535-40. [PMID: 24055474 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of bovine pulmonary smooth muscle cells with U46619 inhibited the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity in two parallel pathways: one of which is mediated via glutathionylation of the pump and the other by augmenting the inhibitory activity of the 70kDa inhibitor protein of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase. Although phospholemman deglutathionylates the pump leading to its activation, the inhibitor is responsible for irreversible inhibition of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase in an isoform specific manner during treatment of the cells with U46619.
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Role of protein kinase C in phospholemman mediated regulation of α2β1 isozyme of Na+/K+-ATPase in caveolae of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Biochimie 2012; 94:991-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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