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Lipinski S, Petersen BS, Barann M, Piecyk A, Tran F, Mayr G, Jentzsch M, Aden K, Stengel ST, Klostermeier UC, Sheth V, Ellinghaus D, Rausch T, Korbel JO, Nothnagel M, Krawczak M, Gilissen C, Veltman JA, Forster M, Forster P, Lee CC, Fritscher-Ravens A, Schreiber S, Franke A, Rosenstiel P. Missense variants in NOX1 and p22phox in a case of very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease are functionally linked to NOD2. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:mcs.a002428. [PMID: 30709874 PMCID: PMC6371741 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing of individual patients allow the study of rare and potentially causative genetic variation. In this study, we sequenced DNA of a trio comprising a boy with very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (veoIBD) and his unaffected parents. We identified a rare, X-linked missense variant in the NAPDH oxidase NOX1 gene (c.C721T, p.R241C) in heterozygous state in the mother and in hemizygous state in the patient. We discovered that, in addition, the patient was homozygous for a common missense variant in the CYBA gene (c.T214C, p.Y72H). CYBA encodes the p22phox protein, a cofactor for NOX1. Functional assays revealed reduced cellular ROS generation and antibacterial capacity of NOX1 and p22phox variants in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, the identified NADPH oxidase complex variants affected NOD2-mediated immune responses, and p22phox was identified as a novel NOD2 interactor. In conclusion, we detected missense variants in a veoIBD patient that disrupt the host response to bacterial challenges and reduce protective innate immune signaling via NOD2. We assume that the patient's individual genetic makeup favored disturbed intestinal mucosal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lipinski
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Britt-Sabina Petersen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Barann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Agnes Piecyk
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gabriele Mayr
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlene Jentzsch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephanie T Stengel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich C Klostermeier
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vrunda Sheth
- Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Rausch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan O Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics (IMIS), Christian-Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics (IMIS), Christian-Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525, The Netherlands.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Forster
- Murray Edwards College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DF, United Kingdom
| | - Clarence C Lee
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Annette Fritscher-Ravens
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Denson LA, Jurickova I, Karns R, Shaw KA, Cutler DJ, Okou D, Dodd A, Quinn K, Mondal K, Aronow BJ, Haberman Y, Linn A, Price A, Bezold R, Lake K, Jackson K, Walters TD, Griffiths A, Baldassano RN, Noe JD, Hyams JS, Crandall WV, Kirschner BS, Heyman MB, Snapper S, Guthery SL, Dubinsky MC, Leleiko NS, Otley AR, Xavier RJ, Stevens C, Daly MJ, Zwick ME, Kugathasan S. Clinical and Genomic Correlates of Neutrophil Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Pediatric Patients With Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:2097-2110. [PMID: 29454792 PMCID: PMC5985211 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Individuals with monogenic disorders of phagocyte function develop chronic colitis that resembles Crohn's disease (CD). We tested for associations between mutations in genes encoding reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, neutrophil function, and phenotypes of CD in pediatric patients. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequence analysis to identify mutations in genes encoding NADPH oxidases (such as CYBA, CYBB, NCF1, NCF2, NCF4, RAC1, and RAC2) using DNA from 543 pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Blood samples were collected from an additional 129 pediatric patients with CD and 26 children without IBD (controls); we performed assays for neutrophil activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and bacteria uptake and killing. Whole-exome sequence analysis was performed using DNA from 46 of the children with CD to examine associations with NADPH gene mutations; RNA sequence analyses were performed using blood cells from 46 children with CD to test for variations in neutrophil gene expression associated with ROS production. RESULTS We identified 26 missense mutations in CYBA, CYBB, NCF1, NCF2, and NCF4. Patients with CD who carried mutations in these genes were 3-fold more likely to have perianal disease (P = .0008) and stricturing complications (P = .002) than children with CD without these mutations. Among patients with CD with none of these mutations, 9% had undergone abdominal surgery; among patients with mutations in these NADPH oxidase genes, 31% had undergone abdominal surgery (P = .0004). A higher proportion of neutrophils from children with CD had low ROS production (47%) than from controls (15%) among the 129 patients tested for ROS (P = .002). Minor alleles of the NADPH genes were detected in 7% of children with CD whose neutrophils produced normal levels of ROS vs 38% of children whose neutrophils produced low levels of ROS (P = .009). Neutrophils that produced low levels of ROS had specific alterations in genes that regulate glucose metabolism and antimicrobial responses. CONCLUSIONS We identified missense mutations in genes that encode NADPH oxidases in children with CD; these were associated with a more aggressive disease course and reduced ROS production by neutrophils from the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA,to whom correspondence should be addressed: MLC 2010, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, Tel: 513-636-7575, Fax: 513-636-5581,
| | - Ingrid Jurickova
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelly A. Shaw
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J. Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Dodd
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathryn Quinn
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kajari Mondal
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce J. Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aaron Linn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam Price
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ramona Bezold
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen Lake
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Jackson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas D. Walters
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert N. Baldassano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Noe
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Wallace V. Crandall
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Melvin B. Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Snapper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Neal S. Leleiko
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthony R. Otley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark J. Daly
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael E. Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yuan TA, Yourk V, Farhat A, Ziogas A, Meyskens FL, Anton-Culver H, Liu-Smith F. A Case-Control Study of the Genetic Variability in Reactive Oxygen Species-Metabolizing Enzymes in Melanoma Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010242. [PMID: 29342889 PMCID: PMC5796190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that ultraviolet (UV)-induced chemiexcitation of melanin fragments leads to DNA damage; and chemiexcitation of melanin fragments requires reactive oxygen species (ROS), as ROS excite an electron in the melanin fragments. In addition, ROS also cause DNA damages on their own. We hypothesized that ROS producing and metabolizing enzymes were major contributors in UV-driven melanomas. In this case-control study of 349 participants, we genotyped 23 prioritized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases 1 and 4 (NOX1 and NOX4, respectively), CYBA, RAC1, superoxide dismutases (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3) and catalase (CAT), and analyzed their associated melanoma risk. Five SNPs, namely rs1049255 (CYBA), rs4673 (CYBA), rs10951982 (RAC1), rs8031 (SOD2), and rs2536512 (SOD3), exhibited significant genotypic frequency differences between melanoma cases and healthy controls. In simple logistic regression, RAC1 rs10951982 (odds ratio (OR) 8.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.08 to 16.44; p < 0.001) reached universal significance (p = 0.002) and the minor alleles were associated with increased risk of melanoma. In contrast, minor alleles in SOD2 rs8031 (OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.39; p < 0.001) and SOD3 rs2536512 (OR 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.31; p = 0.001) were associated with reduced risk of melanoma. In multivariate logistic regression, RAC1 rs10951982 (OR 6.15, 95% CI: 2.98 to 13.41; p < 0.001) remained significantly associated with increased risk of melanoma. Our results highlighted the importance of RAC1, SOD2, and SOD3 variants in the risk of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-An Yuan
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Vandy Yourk
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Ali Farhat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Frank L Meyskens
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Feng Liu-Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Meijles DN, Fan LM, Ghazaly MM, Howlin B, Krönke M, Brooks G, Li JM. p22phox C242T Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Inhibits Inflammatory Oxidative Damage to Endothelial Cells and Vessels. Circulation 2016; 133:2391-403. [PMID: 27162237 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.021993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NADPH oxidase, by generating reactive oxygen species, is involved in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases and represents a therapeutic target for the development of novel drugs. A single-nucleotide polymorphism, C242T of the p22(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase, has been reported to be negatively associated with coronary heart disease and may predict disease prevalence. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS With the use of computer molecular modeling, we discovered that C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism causes significant structural changes in the extracellular loop of p22(phox) and reduces its interaction stability with Nox2 subunit. Gene transfection of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells showed that C242T p22(phox) significantly reduced Nox2 expression but had no significant effect on basal endothelial O2 (.-) production or the expression of Nox1 and Nox4. When cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (or high glucose), C242T p22(phox) significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-induced Nox2 maturation, O2 (.-) production, mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor κB activation, and inflammation (all P<0.05). These C242T effects were further confirmed using p22(phox) short-hairpin RNA-engineered HeLa cells and Nox2(-/-) coronary microvascular endothelial cells. Clinical significance was investigated by using saphenous vein segments from non-coronary heart disease subjects after phlebotomies. TT (C242T) allele was common (prevalence of ≈22%) and, in comparison with CC, veins bearing TT allele had significantly lower levels of Nox2 expression and O2 (.-) generation in response to high-glucose challenge. CONCLUSIONS C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism causes p22(phox) structural changes that inhibit endothelial Nox2 activation and oxidative response to tumor necrosis factor-α or high-glucose stimulation. C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism may represent a natural protective mechanism against inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Meijles
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Lampson M Fan
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Maziah M Ghazaly
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Brendan Howlin
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Martin Krönke
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Gavin Brooks
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.).
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CYBA encoding p22(phox), the cytochrome b558 alpha polypeptide: gene structure, expression, role and physiopathology. Gene 2016; 586:27-35. [PMID: 27048830 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
P22(phox) is a ubiquitous protein encoded by the CYBA gene located on the long arm of chromosome 16 at position 24, containing six exons and spanning 8.5 kb. P22(phox) is a critical component of the superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs). It is associated with NOX2 to form cytochrome b558 expressed mainly in phagocytes and responsible for the killing of microorganisms when bacterial and fungal infections occur. CYBA mutations lead to one of the autosomal recessive forms of chronic granulomatous disease (AR22(0)CGD) clinically characterized by recurrent and severe infections in early childhood. However, p22(phox) is also the partner of NOX1, NOX3 and NOX4, but not NOX5, which are analogs of NOX2, the first identified member of the NOX family. P22(phox)-NOX complexes have emerged as one of the most relevant sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues and cells, and are associated with several diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The p22(phox)-deficient mouse strain nmf333 has made it possible to highlight the role of p22(phox) in the control of inner ear balance in association with NOX3. However, the relevance of p22(phox) for NOX3 function remains uncertain because AR22(0)CGD patients do not suffer from vestibular dysfunction. Finally, a large number of genetic variations of CYBA have been reported, among them the C242T polymorphism, which has been extensively studied in association with coronary artery and heart diseases, but conflicting results continue to be reported.
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Meijles DN, Howlin BJ, Li JM. Consensus in silico computational modelling of the p22phox subunit of the NADPH oxidase. Comput Biol Chem 2012; 39:6-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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