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Bottagisio M, Barbacini P, Bidossi A, Torretta E, deLancey-Pulcini E, Gelfi C, James GA, Lovati AB, Capitanio D. Phenotypic Modulation of Biofilm Formation in a Staphylococcus epidermidis Orthopedic Clinical Isolate Grown Under Different Mechanical Stimuli: Contribution From a Combined Proteomic Study. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:565914. [PMID: 33013797 PMCID: PMC7505995 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.565914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major causes of prosthetic joint failure is infection. Recently, coagulase negative Staphylococcus epidermidis has been identified as an emergent, nosocomial pathogen involved in subclinical prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The diagnosis of PJIs mediated by S. epidermidis is usually complex and difficult due to the absence of acute clinical signs derived from the host immune system response. Therefore, analysis of protein patterns in biofilm-producing S. epidermidis allows for the examination of the molecular basis of biofilm formation. Thus, in the present study, the proteome of a clinical isolate S. epidermidis was analyzed when cultured in its planktonic or sessile form to examine protein expression changes depending on culture conditions. After 24 h of culture, sessile bacteria exhibited increased gene expression for ribosomal activity and for production of proteins related to the initial attachment phase, involved in the capsular polysaccharide/adhesin, surface associated proteins and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Likewise, planktonic S. epidermidis was able to aggregate after 24 h, synthesizing the accumulation associate protein and cell-wall molecules through the activation of the YycFG and ArlRS, two component regulatory pathways. Prolonged culture under vigorous agitation generated a stressful growing environment triggering aggregation in a biofilm-like matrix as a mechanism to survive harsh conditions. Further studies will be essential to support these findings in order to further delineate the complex mechanisms of biofilm formation of S. epidermidis and they could provide the groundwork for the development of new drugs against biofilm-related infections, as well as the identification of novel biomarkers of subclinical or chronic infections mediated by these emerging, low virulence pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bottagisio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bidossi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elinor deLancey-Pulcini
- Medical Biofilm Laboratory, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Garth A James
- Medical Biofilm Laboratory, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Arianna B Lovati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Novel and selective inactivators of Triosephosphate isomerase with anti-trematode activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2587. [PMID: 32054976 PMCID: PMC7018972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trematode infections such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis cause significant morbidity in an estimated 250 million people worldwide and the associated agricultural losses are estimated at more than US$ 6 billion per year. Current chemotherapy is limited. Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, has emerged as a useful drug target in many parasites, including Fasciola hepatica TIM (FhTIM). We identified 21 novel compounds that selectively inhibit this enzyme. Using microscale thermophoresis we explored the interaction between target and compounds and identified a potent interaction between the sulfonyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole (compound 187) and FhTIM, which showed an IC50 of 5 µM and a Kd of 66 nM. In only 4 hours, this compound killed the juvenile form of F. hepatica with an IC50 of 3 µM, better than the reference drug triclabendazole (TCZ). Interestingly, we discovered in vitro inhibition of FhTIM by TCZ, with an IC50 of 7 µM suggesting a previously uncharacterized role of FhTIM in the mechanism of action of this drug. Compound 187 was also active against various developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni. The low toxicity in vitro in different cell types and lack of acute toxicity in mice was demonstrated for this compound, as was demonstrated the efficacy of 187in vivo in F. hepatica infected mice. Finally, we obtained the first crystal structure of FhTIM at 1.9 Å resolution which allows us using docking to suggest a mechanism of interaction between compound 187 and TIM. In conclusion, we describe a promising drug candidate to control neglected trematode infections in human and animal health.
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Gene Cloning, Recombinant Expression, Characterization, and Molecular Modeling of the Glycolytic Enzyme Triosephosphate Isomerase from Fusarium oxysporum. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010040. [PMID: 31878282 PMCID: PMC7022633 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is a glycolysis enzyme, which catalyzes the reversible isomerization between dihydroxyactetone-3-phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP). In pathogenic organisms, TPI is essential to obtain the energy used to survive and infect. Fusarium oxisporum (Fox) is a fungus of biotechnological importance due to its pathogenicity in different organisms, that is why the relevance of also biochemically analyzing its TPI, being the first report of its kind in a Fusarium. Moreover, the kinetic characteristics or structural determinants related to its function remain unknown. Here, the Tpi gene from F. oxysporum was isolated, cloned, and overexpressed. The recombinant protein named FoxTPI was purified (97% purity) showing a molecular mass of 27 kDa, with optimal activity at pH 8.0 and and temperature of 37 °C. The values obtained for Km and Vmax using the substrate GAP were 0.47 ± 0.1 mM, and 5331 μmol min−1 mg−1, respectively. Furthemore, a protein structural modeling showed that FoxTPI has the classical topology of TPIs conserved in other organisms, including the catalytic residues conserved in the active site (Lys12, His94 and Glu164). Finally, when FoxTPI was analyzed with inhibitors, it was found that one of them inhibits its activity, which gives us the perspective of future studies and its potential use against this pathogen.
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Zheng J, Liu L, Liu B, Jin Q. Phosphoproteomic analysis of bacillus Calmette-Guérin using gel-based and gel-free approaches. J Proteomics 2015; 126:189-99. [PMID: 26070398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications regulate many aspects of protein behavior and provide options for expanding protein functionality in organisms. Protein phosphorylation is one of the major PTMs observed in bacteria, which are involved in regulating a myriad of physiological processes. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been recognized as an important weapon in the fight against tuberculosis (TB) worldwide for over 80 years. In this study, we conducted phosphoproteomic analysis in BCG bacteria using gel-based and gel-free complementary approaches and high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. In total, 501 phosphopeptides derived from 398 phosphoproteins were identified, representing the first phosphoproteomic analysis of BCG reported to date. Thirty-three novel protein products supported by 36 unique phosphorylated peptides were detected. Additionally, the translational start sites of 28 proteins were confirmed, and 31 proteins were validated through the extension of translational start sites based on N-terminus-derived peptides. The expression of three randomly selected phosphoproteins was validated through Western blotting. A number of proteins involved in metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and two-component system, are discussed. We believe some of the proteins identified in this study may represent potential targets for the development of novel antibiotics for treating TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zheng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Roychowdhury A, Kundu A, Gujar A, Bose M, Das AK. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of phosphoglycerate mutase from Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:53-6. [PMID: 24419617 PMCID: PMC3943096 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x13031476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) is a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. It takes part in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. PGM from pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC8325) was cloned in pQE30 expression vector overexpressed in Escherichia coli M15 (pREP4) cells and purified to homogeneity. The protein was crystallized from two different conditions, (i) 0.1 M HEPES pH 7.5, 20%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 10,000 and (ii) 0.2 M NaCl, 0.1 M bis-tris pH 6.5, 25%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350, at 25°C by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. Crystals grown at pH 7.5 diffracted to 2.5 Å resolution and belonged to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 77.0, b = 86.11, c = 94.07 Å. Crystals from the second condition at pH 6.5 diffracted to 2.00 Å resolution. These crystals belonged to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 73.21, b = 81.75, c = 89.18 Å. X-ray diffraction data have been collected and processed to the maximum resolution to determine the structure of PGM. The structure has been solved by molecular replacement and structure refinement is now in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Roychowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Anirban Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Akanksha Gujar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Madhuparna Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
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Zinsser VL, Hoey EM, Trudgett A, Timson DJ. Biochemical characterisation of triose phosphate isomerase from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. Biochimie 2013; 95:2182-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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