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Kessi J, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. Tellurite and Selenite: how can these two oxyanions be chemically different yet so similar in the way they are transformed to their metal forms by bacteria? Biol Res 2022; 55:17. [PMID: 35382884 PMCID: PMC8981825 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This opinion review explores the microbiology of tellurite, TeO32− and selenite, SeO32− oxyanions, two similar Group 16 chalcogen elements, but with slightly different physicochemical properties that lead to intriguing biological differences. Selenium, Se, is a required trace element compared to tellurium, Te, which is not. Here, the challenges around understanding the uptake transport mechanisms of these anions, as reflected in the model organisms used by different groups, are described. This leads to a discussion around how these oxyanions are subsequently reduced to nanomaterials, which mechanistically, has controversies between ideas around the molecule chemistry, chemical reactions involving reduced glutathione and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production along with the bioenergetics at the membrane versus the cytoplasm. Of particular interest is the linkage of glutathione and thioredoxin chemistry from the cytoplasm through the membrane electron transport chain (ETC) system/quinones to the periplasm. Throughout the opinion review we identify open and unanswered questions about the microbial physiology under selenite and tellurite exposure. Thus, demonstrating how far we have come, yet the exciting research directions that are still possible. The review is written in a conversational manner from three long-term researchers in the field, through which to play homage to the late Professor Claudio Vásquez.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kessi
- Until 2018 - Dept of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Dept of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Farias P, Francisco R, Maccario L, Herschend J, Piedade AP, Sørensen S, Morais PV. Impact of Tellurite on the Metabolism of Paenibacillus pabuli AL109b With Flagellin Production Explaining High Reduction Capacity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:718963. [PMID: 34557171 PMCID: PMC8453073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.718963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tellurium (Te) is a metalloid with scarce and scattered abundance but with an increased interest in human activity for its uses in emerging technologies. As is seen for other metals and metalloids, the result of mining activity and improper disposal of high-tech devices will lead to niches with increased abundance of Te. This metalloid will be more available to bacteria and represent an increasing selective pressure. This environmental problem may constitute an opportunity to search for microorganisms with genetic and molecular mechanisms of microbial resistance to Te toxic anions. Organisms from Te-contaminated niches could provide tools for Te remediation and fabrication of Te-containing structures with added value. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of a high metal-resistant Paenibacillus pabuli strain ALJ109b, isolated from high metal content mining residues, to reduce tellurite ion, and to evaluate the formation of metallic tellurium by cellular reduction, isolate the protein responsible, and determine the metabolic response to tellurite during growth. P. pabuli ALJ109b demonstrated to be resistant to Te (IV) at concentrations higher than reported for its genus. It can efficiently remove soluble Te (IV) from solution, over 20% in 8 h of growth, and reduce it to elemental Te, forming monodisperse nanostructures, verified by scattering electron microscopy. Cultivation of P. pabuli ALJ109b in the presence of Te (IV) affected the general protein expression pattern, and hence the metabolism, as demonstrated by high-throughput proteomic analysis. The Te (IV)-induced metabolic shift is characterized by an activation of ROS response. Flagellin from P. pabuli ALJ109b demonstrates high Te (0) forming activity in neutral to basic conditions in a range of temperatures from 20°C to 37°C. In conclusion, the first metabolic characterization of a strain of P. pabuli response to Te (IV) reveals a highly resistant strain with a unique Te (IV) proteomic response. This strain, and its flagellin, display, all the features of potential tools for Te nanoparticle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Farias
- Department of Life Sciences, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Romeu Francisco
- Department of Life Sciences, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lorrie Maccario
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Herschend
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Paula Piedade
- CEMMPRE, Department Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Søren Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paula V. Morais
- Department of Life Sciences, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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He Y, Wang S, Wang K, Zhou J, Han Z, Sun F. Analysis of Secreted Proteins and Potential Virulence via the ICEs-Mediated Pathway of the Foodborne Pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:612166. [PMID: 33763038 PMCID: PMC7982893 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.612166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus uses bacterial secretion systems and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) to induce various diseases and to adapt to harsh environments, respectively. Information pertaining to the identity of secreted proteins and functional characterization of ICEs has been previously reported, but the relationship between these elements remains unclear. Herein we investigated secreted proteins of V. parahaemolyticus strains JHY20 and JHY20△ICE using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS, which led to the identification of an ICE-associated secreted protein – dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH). Considering the data related to its physical and biochemical characterization, we predicted that DLDH is a novel immunogenic protein and associated with virulence in JHY20. Our findings indicate a potential relationship between ICE-associated transport and secreted proteins and shed light on the function of such transport mechanisms. We believe that our data should enhance our understanding of mobile genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- College of Food (Biotechnology) Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China.,Key Construction Laboratory of Food Resources Development and the Quality Safety in Jiangsu, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Food (Biotechnology) Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China.,Key Construction Laboratory of Food Resources Development and the Quality Safety in Jiangsu, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- College of Food (Biotechnology) Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Zhou
- College of Food (Biotechnology) Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China.,Key Construction Laboratory of Food Resources Development and the Quality Safety in Jiangsu, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhi Han
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fengjiao Sun
- Logistics & Security Department, Shanghai Civil Aviation College, Shanghai, China
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4
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Orizola J, Ríos-Silva M, Muñoz-Villagrán C, Vargas E, Vásquez C, Arenas F. In vitro biosynthesis of Ag, Au and Te-containing nanostructures by Exiguobacterium cell-free extracts. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:29. [PMID: 32471409 PMCID: PMC7260758 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterial genus Exiguobacterium includes several species that inhabit environments with a wide range of temperature, salinity, and pH. This is why the microorganisms from this genus are known generically as polyextremophiles. Several environmental isolates have been explored and characterized for enzyme production as well as for bioremediation purposes. In this line, toxic metal(loid) reduction by these microorganisms represents an approach to decontaminate soluble metal ions via their transformation into less toxic, insoluble derivatives. Microbial-mediated metal(loid) reduction frequently results in the synthesis of nanoscale structures-nanostructures (NS) -. Thus, microorganisms could be used as an ecofriendly way to get NS. RESULTS We analyzed the tolerance of Exiguobacterium acetylicum MF03, E. aurantiacum MF06, and E. profundum MF08 to Silver (I), gold (III), and tellurium (IV) compounds. Specifically, we explored the ability of cell-free extracts from these bacteria to reduce these toxicants and synthesize NS in vitro, both in the presence or absence of oxygen. All isolates exhibited higher tolerance to these toxicants in anaerobiosis. While in the absence of oxygen they showed high tellurite- and silver-reducing activity at pH 9.0, whereas AuCl4- which was reduced at pH 7.0 in both conditions. Given these results, cell-free extracts were used to synthesize NS containing silver, gold or tellurium, characterizing their size, morphology and chemical composition. Silver and tellurium NS exhibited smaller size under anaerobiosis and their morphology was circular (silver NS), starred (tellurium NS) or amorphous (gold NS). CONCLUSIONS This nanostructure-synthesizing ability makes these isolates interesting candidates to get NS with biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Orizola
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mirtha Ríos-Silva
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Muñoz-Villagrán
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Vargas
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Vásquez
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Arenas
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Contreras F, Vargas E, Jiménez K, Muñoz-Villagrán C, Figueroa M, Vásquez C, Arenas F. Reduction of Gold (III) and Tellurium (IV) by Enterobacter cloacae MF01 Results in Nanostructure Formation Both in Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3118. [PMID: 30619192 PMCID: PMC6305273 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganism survival in the presence of toxic substances such as metal(loid)s lies chiefly on their ability to resist (or tolerate) such elements through specific resistance mechanisms. Among them, toxicant reduction has attracted the attention of researchers because metal(loid)-reducing bacteria are being used to recover and/or decontaminate polluted sites. Particularly, our interest is to analyze the toxicity of gold and tellurium compounds for the environmental microorganism Enterobacter cloacae MF01 and also to explore the generation of nanostructures to be used in future biotechnological processes. Resistance of E. cloacae MF01 to gold and tellurium salts as well as the putative mechanisms involved -both in aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions- was evaluated. These metal(loid)s were selected because of their potential application in biotechnology. Resistance to auric tetrachloride acid (HAuCl4) and potassium tellurite (K2TeO3) was assessed by determining areas of growth inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentrations, and growth curves as well as by viability tests. E. cloacae MF01 exhibited higher resistance to HAuCl4 and K2TeO3 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. In general, their toxicity is mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species and by a decrease of intracellular reduced thiols (RSH). To assess if resistance implies toxicant reduction, intra- and extra-cellular toxicant-reducing activities were evaluated. While E. cloacae MF01 exhibited intra- and extra-cellular HAuCl4-reducing activity, tellurite reduction was observed only intracellularly. Then, Au- and Te-containing nanostructures (AuNS and TeNS, respectively) were synthesized using crude extracts from E. cloacae MF01 and their size, morphology, and chemical composition was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Contreras
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Vargas
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Jiménez
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Muñoz-Villagrán
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Figueroa
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Vásquez
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Arenas
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Figueroa M, Fernandez V, Arenas-Salinas M, Ahumada D, Muñoz-Villagrán C, Cornejo F, Vargas E, Latorre M, Morales E, Vásquez C, Arenas F. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Metal(loid) Nanostructures by Environmental Multi-Metal(loid) Resistant Bacteria and Metal(loid)-Reducing Flavoproteins. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:959. [PMID: 29869640 PMCID: PMC5962736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes are suitable candidates to recover and decontaminate different environments from soluble metal ions, either via reduction or precipitation to generate insoluble, non-toxic derivatives. In general, microorganisms reduce toxic metal ions generating nanostructures (NS), which display great applicability in biotechnological processes. Since the molecular bases of bacterial reduction are still unknown, the search for new -environmentally safe and less expensive- methods to synthesize NS have made biological systems attractive candidates. Here, 47 microorganisms isolated from a number of environmental samples were analyzed for their tolerance or sensitivity to 19 metal(loid)s. Ten of them were highly tolerant to some of them and were assessed for their ability to reduce these toxicants in vitro. All isolates were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, fatty acids composition, biochemical tests and electron microscopy. Results showed that they belong to the Enterobacter, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Exiguobacterium genera. Most strains displayed metal(loid)-reducing activity using either NADH or NADPH as cofactor. While Acinetobacter schindleri showed the highest tellurite ( TeO32- ) and tetrachloro aurate ( AuCl4- ) reducing activity, Staphylococcus sciuri and Exiguobacterium acetylicum exhibited selenite ( SeO32- ) and silver (Ag+) reducing activity, respectively. Based on these results, we used these bacteria to synthetize, in vivo and in vitro Te, Se, Au, and Ag-containing nanostructures. On the other hand, we also used purified E. cloacae glutathione reductase to synthesize in vitro Te-, Ag-, and Se-containing NS, whose morphology, size, composition, and chemical composition were evaluated. Finally, we assessed the putative anti-bacterial activity exhibited by the in vitro synthesized NS: Te-containing NS were more effective than Au-NS in inhibiting Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes growth. Aerobically synthesized TeNS using MF09 crude extracts showed MICs of 45- and 66- μg/ml for E. coli and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Similar MIC values (40 and 82 μg/ml, respectively) were observed for TeNS generated using crude extracts from gorA-overexpressing E. coli. In turn, AuNS MICs for E. coli and L. monocytogenes were 64- and 68- μg/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Figueroa
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Fernandez
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Diego Ahumada
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Muñoz-Villagrán
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad Santo Tomas, Sede Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Cornejo
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Vargas
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Latorre
- Mathomics, Centro de Modelamiento Matemático, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef, Santiago, Chile.,Fondap-Center of Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | | | - Claudio Vásquez
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Arenas
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Chiranjivi AK, Dubey VK. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase from Leishmania donovani: New insights through biochemical characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:1241-1247. [PMID: 29466712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) regulates many crucial metabolic pathways as a multi-enzyme complex. Leishmania donovani dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LdDLDH) has two variants present on two different chromosomes with very less sequence similarities. In the current study, we cloned both the variants in pET28a (+) vector and expressed in Rosetta-gami (DE3) E. coli strain. Expressed proteins were finally purified from pellets using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Purified enzymes were biochemically characterized and different kinetic parameters were studied. Both the variants showed maximum activity in pH range of 7.0-8.0 and temperature 50±5°C in the physiological direction. The estimated Km for dihydrolipoamide (DLA) and NAD+ were 2.7±0.48mM and 171.23±11.59μM respectively for variant 1 (LdBPK291950.1). In the case of variant 2 (LdBPK323510.1), Km values for DLA and NAD+ were found to be 829.85±37μM and 226±1.56μM respectively. The variant 2 was more efficient in terms of activity. While both the forms of the enzymes showed diaphorase activity, variant 1 was found to be better. Sequence dissimilarities of both forms were analyzed for biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar Chiranjivi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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8
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Jo J, Xiao Y, Sun AX, Cukuroglu E, Tran HD, Göke J, Tan ZY, Saw TY, Tan CP, Lokman H, Lee Y, Kim D, Ko HS, Kim SO, Park JH, Cho NJ, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Shin JH, Weinberger DR, Tan EK, Je HS, Ng HH. Midbrain-like Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Contain Functional Dopaminergic and Neuromelanin-Producing Neurons. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:248-257. [PMID: 27476966 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in 3D culture systems have led to the generation of brain organoids that resemble different human brain regions; however, a 3D organoid model of the midbrain containing functional midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons has not been reported. We developed a method to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells into a large multicellular organoid-like structure that contains distinct layers of neuronal cells expressing characteristic markers of human midbrain. Importantly, we detected electrically active and functionally mature mDA neurons and dopamine production in our 3D midbrain-like organoids (MLOs). In contrast to human mDA neurons generated using 2D methods or MLOs generated from mouse embryonic stem cells, our human MLOs produced neuromelanin-like granules that were structurally similar to those isolated from human substantia nigra tissues. Thus our MLOs bearing features of the human midbrain may provide a tractable in vitro system to study the human midbrain and its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Jo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Yixin Xiao
- Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore; National Neuroscience Institute, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Engin Cukuroglu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Hoang-Dai Tran
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Göke
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Zi Ying Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tzuen Yih Saw
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Peow Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Hidayat Lokman
- Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Younghwan Lee
- Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seong-Oh Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eng King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Hyunsoo Shawn Je
- Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Huck-Hui Ng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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9
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Arenas-Salinas M, Vargas-Pérez JI, Morales W, Pinto C, Muñoz-Díaz P, Cornejo FA, Pugin B, Sandoval JM, Díaz-Vásquez WA, Muñoz-Villagrán C, Rodríguez-Rojas F, Morales EH, Vásquez CC, Arenas FA. Flavoprotein-Mediated Tellurite Reduction: Structural Basis and Applications to the Synthesis of Tellurium-Containing Nanostructures. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1160. [PMID: 27507969 PMCID: PMC4960239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tellurium oxyanion tellurite (TeO32-) is extremely harmful for most organisms. It has been suggested that a potential bacterial tellurite resistance mechanism would consist of an enzymatic, NAD(P)H-dependent, reduction to the less toxic form elemental tellurium (Te0). To date, a number of enzymes such as catalase, type II NADH dehydrogenase and terminal oxidases from the electron transport chain, nitrate reductases, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), among others, have been shown to display tellurite-reducing activity. This activity is generically referred to as tellurite reductase (TR). Bioinformatic data resting on some of the abovementioned enzymes enabled the identification of common structures involved in tellurite reduction including vicinal catalytic cysteine residues and the FAD/NAD(P)+-binding domain, which is characteristic of some flavoproteins. Along this line, thioredoxin reductase (TrxB), alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpF), glutathione reductase (GorA), mercuric reductase (MerA), NADH: flavorubredoxin reductase (NorW), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, and the putative oxidoreductase YkgC from Escherichia coli or environmental bacteria were purified and assessed for TR activity. All of them displayed in vitro TR activity at the expense of NADH or NADPH oxidation. In general, optimal reducing conditions occurred around pH 9–10 and 37°C. Enzymes exhibiting strong TR activity produced Te-containing nanostructures (TeNS). While GorA and AhpF generated TeNS of 75 nm average diameter, E3 and YkgC produced larger structures (>100 nm). Electron-dense structures were observed in cells over-expressing genes encoding TrxB, GorA, and YkgC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquín I Vargas-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Wladimir Morales
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca Talca, Chile
| | - Camilo Pinto
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián A Cornejo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Benoit Pugin
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan M Sandoval
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud e Instituto de Etnofarmacología, Universidad Arturo Prat Iquique, Chile
| | - Waldo A Díaz-Vásquez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San SebastiánSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Muñoz-Villagrán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Rodríguez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo H Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio C Vásquez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A Arenas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
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10
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Sandoval JM, Arenas FA, García JA, Díaz-Vásquez WA, Valdivia-González M, Sabotier M, Vásquez CC. Escherichia coli 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase aids in tellurite resistance by reducing the toxicant in a NADPH-dependent manner. Microbiol Res 2015. [PMID: 26211962 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the tellurium oxyanion tellurite (TeO3(2-)) results in the establishment of an oxidative stress status in most microorganisms. Usually, bacteria growing in the presence of the toxicant turn black because of the reduction of tellurite (Te(4+)) to the less-toxic elemental tellurium (Te(0)). In vitro, at least part of tellurite reduction occurs enzymatically in a nicotinamide dinucleotide-dependent reaction. In this work, we show that TeO3(2-) reduction by crude extracts of Escherichia coli overexpressing the zwf gene (encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) takes place preferentially in the presence of NADPH instead of NADH. The enzyme responsible for toxicant reduction was identified as 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Gnd). The gnd gene showed a subtle induction at short times after toxicant exposure while strains lacking gnd were more susceptible to the toxicant. These results suggest that both NADPH-generating enzymes from the pentose phosphate shunt may be involved in tellurite detoxification and resistance in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Sandoval
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F A Arenas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A García
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - W A Díaz-Vásquez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Valdivia-González
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Sabotier
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C C Vásquez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Glutathione reductase-mediated synthesis of tellurium-containing nanostructures exhibiting antibacterial properties. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:7061-70. [PMID: 25193000 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02207-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tellurium, a metalloid belonging to group 16 of the periodic table, displays very interesting physical and chemical properties and lately has attracted significant attention for its use in nanotechnology. In this context, the use of microorganisms for synthesizing nanostructures emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach compared to their chemical synthesis. To generate Te-containing nanostructures, bacteria enzymatically reduce tellurite to elemental tellurium. In this work, using a classic biochemical approach, we looked for a novel tellurite reductase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain BNF22 and used it to generate tellurium-containing nanostructures. A new tellurite reductase was identified as glutathione reductase, which was subsequently overproduced in Escherichia coli. The characterization of this enzyme showed that it is an NADPH-dependent tellurite reductase, with optimum reducing activity at 30°C and pH 9.0. Finally, the enzyme was able to generate Te-containing nanostructures, about 68 nm in size, which exhibit interesting antibacterial properties against E. coli, with no apparent cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells.
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