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Substitution of L133 with Methionine in GXSXG Domain Significantly Changed the Activity of Penicillium expansum Lipase. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Meneses DP, Paixão LMN, Fonteles TV, Gudiña EJ, Rodrigues LR, Fernandes FA, Rodrigues S. Esterase production by Aureobasidium pullulans URM 7059 in stirred tank and airlift bioreactors using residual biodiesel glycerol as substrate. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Buruaga-Ramiro C, Valenzuela SV, Pastor FIJ, Martínez J, Diaz P. Unexplored lipolytic activity of Escherichia coli: Implications for lipase cloning. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109590. [PMID: 32732039 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations on cloned bacterial lipases performed in our laboratory revealed the presence of lipolytic activity that was not due to the cloned lipase-coding gene but was probably the result of an intrinsic activity of Escherichia coli itself. To confirm such a hypothesis, we assayed the activity of frequently used E. coli strains by fast paper tests, zymograms and spectrofluorometry. A band of Ca. 18-20 kDa showing activity on MUF-butyrate was detected in zymogram analysis of crude cell extracts in all E. coli strains assayed. Moreover, the spectrofluorometric results obtained confirmed the presence of low but significant lipolytic activity in E. coli, with strain BL21 showing the highest activity. Detailed characterization of such a lipolytic activity was performed using E. coli BL21 cell extracts, where preference for C7 substrates was found, although shorter substrates were also hydrolysed to a minor extent. Interestingly, E. coli lipolytic activity displays traits of a thermophilic enzyme, showing maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 8, an unexpected feature never described before. Kinetic and inhibition analysis were also performed showing that activity can be inhibited by several metal ions or by Triton X-100® and SDS, used in zymogram analysis. Such properties ‒ low activity, preference for medium chain-length substrates, and high operational temperature ‒ might justify why this activity had gone unexplored until now, even when many lipases and esterases have been cloned and expressed in E. coli strains in the past. From now on, lipase researchers should take into consideration the presence of such a basal lipolytic activity before starting their lipase cloning or expression experiments in E.coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Buruaga-Ramiro
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Susana V Valenzuela
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - F I J Pastor
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Josefina Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Pilar Diaz
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona Spain.
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Cao J, Dang G, Li H, Li T, Yue Z, Li N, Liu Y, Liu S, Chen L. Identification and Characterization of Lipase Activity and Immunogenicity of LipL from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138151. [PMID: 26398213 PMCID: PMC4580317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids and lipid-metabolizing esterases/lipases are highly important for the mycobacterial life cycle and, possibly, for mycobacterial virulence. In this study, we expressed 10 members of the Lip family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among the 10 proteins, LipL displayed a significantly high enzymatic activity for the hydrolysis of long-chain lipids. The optimal temperature for the lipase activity of LipL was demonstrated to be 37°C, and the optimal pH was 8.0. The lipase active center was not the conserved motif G-x-S-x-G, but rather the S-x-x-K and GGG motifs, and the key catalytic amino acid residues were identified as G50, S88, and K91, as demonstrated through site-directed mutagenesis experiments. A three-dimensional modeling structure of LipL was constructed, which showed that the GGG motif was located in the surface of a pocket structure. Furthermore, the subcellular localization of LipL was demonstrated to be on the mycobacterial surface by Western blot analysis. Our results revealed that the LipL protein could induce a strong humoral immune response in humans and activate a CD8+ T cell-mediated response in mice. Overall, our study identified and characterized a novel lipase denoted LipL from M. tuberculosis, and demonstrated that LipL functions as an immunogen that activates both humoral and cell-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Guanghui Dang
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Huafang Li
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Yue
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital for Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis, Harbin, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital for Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital for Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis, Harbin, PR China
| | - Siguo Liu
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
- * E-mail: (SL); (LC)
| | - Liping Chen
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
- * E-mail: (SL); (LC)
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