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Bassetto CAZ, Pfeffermann J, Yadav R, Strassgschwandtner S, Glasnov T, Bezanilla F, Pohl P. Photolipid excitation triggers depolarizing optocapacitive currents and action potentials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1139. [PMID: 38326372 PMCID: PMC10850502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Optically-induced changes in membrane capacitance may regulate neuronal activity without requiring genetic modifications. Previously, they mainly relied on sudden temperature jumps due to light absorption by membrane-associated nanomaterials or water. Yet, nanomaterial targeting or the required high infrared light intensities obstruct broad applicability. Now, we propose a very versatile approach: photolipids (azobenzene-containing diacylglycerols) mediate light-triggered cellular de- or hyperpolarization. As planar bilayer experiments show, the respective currents emerge from millisecond-timescale changes in bilayer capacitance. UV light changes photolipid conformation, which awards embedding plasma membranes with increased capacitance and evokes depolarizing currents. They open voltage-gated sodium channels in cells, generating action potentials. Blue light reduces the area per photolipid, decreasing membrane capacitance and eliciting hyperpolarization. If present, mechanosensitive channels respond to the increased mechanical membrane tension, generating large depolarizing currents that elicit action potentials. Membrane self-insertion of administered photolipids and focused illumination allows cell excitation with high spatiotemporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Z Bassetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Juergen Pfeffermann
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Rohit Yadav
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Toma Glasnov
- Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
| | - Francisco Bezanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria.
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Azbazdar Y, Tejeda-Munoz N, Monka JC, Dayrit A, Binder G, Ozhan G, De Robertis EM. Addition of exogenous diacylglycerol enhances Wnt/β-catenin signaling through stimulation of macropinocytosis. iScience 2023; 26:108075. [PMID: 37860772 PMCID: PMC10582480 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of Wnt signaling triggers macropinocytosis and drives many tumors. We now report that the exogenous addition of the second messenger lipid sn-1,2 DAG to the culture medium rapidly induces macropinocytosis. This is accompanied by potentiation of the effects of added Wnt3a recombinant protein or the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor lithium chloride (LiCl, which mimics Wnt signaling) in luciferase transcriptional reporter assays. In a colorectal carcinoma cell line in which mutation of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) causes constitutive Wnt signaling, DAG addition increased levels of nuclear β-catenin, and this increase was partially inhibited by an inhibitor of macropinocytosis. DAG also expanded multivesicular bodies marked by the tetraspan protein CD63. In an in vivo situation, microinjection of DAG induced Wnt-like twinned body axes when co-injected with small amounts of LiCl into Xenopus embryos. These results suggest that the DAG second messenger plays a role in Wnt-driven cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Azbazdar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA
| | - Nydia Tejeda-Munoz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Julia C. Monka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA
| | - Alex Dayrit
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA
| | - Grace Binder
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Türkiye
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Türkiye
| | - Edward M. De Robertis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA
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Compartmentalized regulation of lipid signaling in oxidative stress and inflammation: Plasmalogens, oxidized lipids and ferroptosis as new paradigms of bioactive lipid research. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101207. [PMID: 36464139 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in lipid homeostasis combined with conditions favoring oxidative stress constitute a hallmark of the inflammatory response. In this review we focus on the most recent results concerning lipid signaling in various oxidative stress-mediated responses and inflammation. These include phagocytosis and ferroptosis. The best characterized event, common to these responses, is the synthesis of oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids. Major developments in this area have highlighted the importance of compartmentalization of the enzymes and lipid substrates in shaping the appropriate response. In parallel, other relevant lipid metabolic pathways are also activated and, until recently, there has been a general lack of knowledge on the enzyme regulation and molecular mechanisms operating in these pathways. Specifically, data accumulated in recent years on the regulation and biological significance of plasmalogens and oxidized phospholipids have expanded our knowledge on the involvement of lipid metabolism in the progression of disease and the return to homeostasis. These recent major developments have helped to establish the concept of membrane phospholipids as cellular repositories for the compartmentalized production of bioactive lipids involved in cellular regulation. Importantly, an enzyme classically described as being involved in regulating the homeostatic turnover of phospholipids, namely the group VIA Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β), has taken center stage in oxidative stress and inflammation research owing to its key involvement in regulating metabolic and ferroptotic signals arising from membrane phospholipids. Understanding the role of iPLA2β in ferroptosis and metabolism not only broadens our knowledge of disease but also opens possible new horizons for this enzyme as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Murphy RC, Folco G. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases and leukotriene biosynthesis: intersection of the Lands cycle and the arachidonate PI cycle. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:219-226. [PMID: 30606731 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are autacoids derived from the precursor arachidonic acid (AA) via the action of five-lipoxygenase (5-LO). When inflammatory cells are activated, 5-LO translocates to the nuclear membrane to initiate oxygenation of AA released by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) into leukotriene A4 (LTA4). LTA4 can also be exported from an activated donor cell into an acceptor cell by the process of transcellular biosynthesis. When thimerosal is added to cells, the level of free AA increases by inhibition of lysophospholipid acyltransferases of the Lands pathway of phospholipid remodeling. Another arachidonate phospholipid cycle involves phosphatidylinositol (PI) in the plasma membrane that undoubtedly intersects with the Lands pathway of phospholipid remodeling. The highest abundance of PI occurs between the ER and the plasma membrane and is probably a result of the importance of the PI signaling cascade in cellular biochemistry. Because transport proteins mediate the rapid intracellular movement of phospholipids, largely as result of physical membrane contact, 5-LO-dependent production of LTA4 could be mediated by the disappearance of free AA from the nuclear membrane, transfer to the ER for Lands cycle reesterification into PI, and population of PI(18:0/20:4) for cell membrane signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Giancarlo Folco
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
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Roberts MF, Khan HM, Goldstein R, Reuter N, Gershenson A. Search and Subvert: Minimalist Bacterial Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C Enzymes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8435-8473. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary F. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Goldstein
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | | | - Anne Gershenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Nakamura S, Suzuki S, Saito H, Nishiyama KI. Cholesterol blocks spontaneous insertion of membrane proteins into liposomes of phosphatidylcholine. J Biochem 2017; 163:313-319. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nakamura
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Iwate, Japan
| | - Sonomi Suzuki
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Suita, 565-0874 Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nishiyama
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Iwate, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550 Iwate, Japan
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Distinct 1-monoacylglycerol and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase activities of diacylglycerol kinase isozymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1170-1176. [PMID: 27346717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) consists of ten isozymes and is involved in a wide variety of patho-physiological events. However, the enzymological properties of DGKs have not been fully understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (MGK) and 2-MGK activities of ten DGK isozymes. We revealed that type I (α, β and γ), type II (δ, η and κ) and type III (ε) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities were <3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (ζ and ι) were <1% relative to their DGK activities. Intriguingly, type V DGKθ has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and <2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKθ exhibited the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. Therefore, DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I-III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKθ and the 2-MGK activity of DGKα were stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date. The presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the patho-physiological functions of each DGK isozyme.
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Abstract
Bacterial sphingomyelinases and phospholipases are a heterogeneous group of esterases which are usually surface associated or secreted by a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These enzymes hydrolyze sphingomyelin and glycerophospholipids, respectively, generating products identical to the ones produced by eukaryotic enzymes which play crucial roles in distinct physiological processes, including membrane dynamics, cellular signaling, migration, growth, and death. Several bacterial sphingomyelinases and phospholipases are essential for virulence of extracellular, facultative, or obligate intracellular pathogens, as these enzymes contribute to phagosomal escape or phagosomal maturation avoidance, favoring tissue colonization, infection establishment and progression, or immune response evasion. This work presents a classification proposal for bacterial sphingomyelinases and phospholipases that considers not only their enzymatic activities but also their structural aspects. An overview of the main physiopathological activities is provided for each enzyme type, as are examples in which inactivation of a sphingomyelinase- or a phospholipase-encoding gene impairs the virulence of a pathogen. The identification of sphingomyelinases and phospholipases important for bacterial pathogenesis and the development of inhibitors for these enzymes could generate candidate vaccines and therapeutic agents, which will diminish the impacts of the associated human and animal diseases.
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Ganesan S, Shabits BN, Zaremberg V. Tracking Diacylglycerol and Phosphatidic Acid Pools in Budding Yeast. Lipid Insights 2016; 8:75-85. [PMID: 27081314 PMCID: PMC4824325 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s31781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are key signaling molecules and important precursors for the biosynthesis of all glycerolipids found in eukaryotes. Research conducted in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been at the forefront of the identification of the enzymes involved in the metabolism and transport of PA and DAG. Both these lipids can alter the local physical properties of membranes by introducing negative curvature, but the anionic nature of the phosphomonoester headgroup in PA sets it apart from DAG. As a result, the mechanisms underlying PA and DAG interaction with other lipids and proteins are notoriously different. This is apparent from the analysis of the protein domains responsible for recognition and binding to each of these lipids. We review the current evidence obtained using the PA-binding proteins and domains fused to fluorescent proteins for in vivo tracking of PA pools in yeast. In addition, we present original results for visualization of DAG pools in yeast using the C1 domain from mammalian PKCδ. An emerging first cellular map of the distribution of PA and DAG pools in actively growing yeast is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittney N Shabits
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vanina Zaremberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Murate M, Kobayashi T. Revisiting transbilayer distribution of lipids in the plasma membrane. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 194:58-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yeste M, Jones C, Amdani SN, Patel S, Coward K. Oocyte activation deficiency: a role for an oocyte contribution? Hum Reprod Update 2015; 22:23-47. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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