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Wei J, Wang X, Dong Y, Zhong X, Ren X, Song R, Ma J, Yu A, Fan Q, Yao J, Shan D, Lv F, Zheng Y, Deng Q, Li X, He Y, Fan S, Zhao C, Wang X, Yuan R, She G. Curcumae Rhizoma - combined with Sparganii Rhizoma in the treatment of liver cancer: Chemical analysis using UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS n, network analysis, and experimental assessment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027687. [PMID: 36561345 PMCID: PMC9764015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Curcumae Rhizoma-Sparganii Rhizoma (CR-SR) is a traditional botanical drug pair that can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, and treat tumors in clinics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic material basis and potential mechanisms of CR-SR, CR, and SR for the treatment of liver cancer. Method: The chemical profile analyses of CR-SR, CR, and SR were performed by molecular networking and UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSn. The anti-liver cancer activities of CR-SR, CR, and SR were assessed by using a zebrafish xenograft model in vivo for the first time and detected by the HepG2 cell model in vitro. Combining the network analysis and molecular docking, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments were undertaken to further explore the mechanisms of CR-SR, CR, and SR for the treatment of liver cancer. Results: In total, 65 components were identified in CR-SR, CR, and SR. Based on the clusters of molecular networking, a total of 12 novel diarylheptanoids were identified from CR-SR and CR. By combining our results with information from the literature, 32 sesquiterpenoids and 21 cyclic dipeptides were identified from CR-SR, CR, and SR. The anti-liver cancer activities were observed in both the drug pair and the single botanical drugs in vitro and in vivo, and the order of activity was CR-SR > CR > SR. They could downregulate the expression of proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptor-α (ESR1), prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Conclusion: Taken together, the present study provided an experimental basis for the therapeutic material basis and potential molecular mechanisms of CR-SR, CR, and SR. This study provided a novel insight for objective clinical treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Ruolan Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamu Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Axiang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jianling Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjie Shan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyue Deng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Xianxian Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyu He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongjun Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China,Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiuhuan Wang, ; Ruijuan Yuan, ; Gaimei She,
| | - Ruijuan Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiuhuan Wang, ; Ruijuan Yuan, ; Gaimei She,
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiuhuan Wang, ; Ruijuan Yuan, ; Gaimei She,
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Wu X, Chen S, Lu C. Amyloid precursor protein promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:162-174. [PMID: 31746365 PMCID: PMC6889931 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To verify whether amyloid precursor protein (APP) affects the migration and invasion of breast cancer cell lines, and to understand its underlying mechanisms, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family were investigated in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and BT474 human breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cell lines were transfected with plasmids containing APP coding sequences (pEGFP-n1-APP) and APP short hairpin RNA (pENTR APP shRNA). APP overexpres-sion efficiency, knockout efficiency and the expression levels of related genes were tested using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses. The effects of APP and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor on cell migration and invasion were examined using Transwell assays. The results demonstrated that APP was significantly upregulated in the pEGFP-n1-APP group (P<0.05), and significantly downregulated in the pENTR APP shRNA group (P<0.05), compared with the control group. APP overexpression increased the migratory and invasive ability of human breast cancer cells (P<0.05), whereas APP silencing significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion (P<0.05). RT-qPCR and western blot analysis results suggested that APP overexpression significantly increased the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, MMP-3, N-cadherin and vimentin (P<0.05). In addition, the enhanced expression of APP markedly affected the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 (MLK3), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MEK4) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 (JNK3; P<0.05). Additionally, APP overexpression had no effect on the total expression levels of MLK3, MEK4, and JNK3; however, APP overexpression significantly decreased the expression levels of E-cadherin and cytokeratin (P<0.05). Conversely, APP silencing had the opposite effects. When cells were treated with the MEK inhibitor PD0325901, the expression of APP was not altered, nor was the expression levels of MEK and its upstream signaling molecules. Taken together, the present findings suggested that APP could affect the migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells by mediating the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby promoting the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wu
- Three Departments of General Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Shuanglong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361001, P.R. China
| | - Chuanhui Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian 361001, P.R. China
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Guo Z, Chen W, Dai G, Huang Y. Cordycepin suppresses the migration and invasion of human liver cancer cells by downregulating the expression of CXCR4. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:141-150. [PMID: 31746344 PMCID: PMC6889938 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a worldwide threat to human health. High expression levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) have been reported to promote the migration and invasion capacities of liver cancer cells. Cordycepin, extracted from Cordyceps militaris, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancerous properties. Therefore, in the present study, migration assays, western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to determine whether cordycepin was able to suppress the migration and invasion abilities of liver cancer cells by inhibiting CXCR4 expression. The results suggested that cordycepin notably inhibited migration and invasion, and decreased the expression of CXCR4 in a dose-dependent manner. Activation of phosphorylated (p-) NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) and p-P65, the principal components of the NF-κB signaling pathway, was also downregulated. In addition, cordycepin markedly suppressed the nuclear translocation of P65, but had no effect on the expression of total IκBα (t-IκBα) and total P65 (t-P65). JSH-23, an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, impaired the migration of liver cancer cells, and was found to act synergistically with cordycepin. Furthermore, cordycepin treatment reduced the chemotactic migration ability of liver cancer cells to stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1), which was significantly enhanced following treatment with JSH-23. Collectively, the present results indicated that cordycepin inhibited the nuclear translocation of P65 by preventing p-IκBα activation; this resulted in the downregulation of CXCR4 expression, and subsequently, in the impaired migration and invasion abilities of liver cancer cells and attenuated reactivity to SDF1. The current study revealed a novel mechanism for the antimetastatic activity of cordycepin and its potential to exert positive synergistic effects with other compounds for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrong Guo
- First Department of General Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Guisen Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Longyan First Hospital, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Huang
- Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361001, P.R. China
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Ito S, Miki Y, Saito R, Inoue C, Okada Y, Sasano H. Amyloid precursor protein and its phosphorylated form in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152463. [PMID: 31138460 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a well-known to be involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease and harbors several phosphorylation sites in its cytoplasmic domain. APP has been also proposed as one of the molecules involved in cell proliferation and invasion in several human malignancies. However, the roles of APP including its phosphorylated form (p-APP) have remained largely unexplored in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Therefore, in this study, we first examined both APP and p-APP expressions and then explored the association between p-APP/APP status and clicopathological parameters in NSCLC. The number of APP-positive cases was 24/91 (26%) in adenocarcinomas (Ad) and 16/35 (46%) in squamous cell carcinomas (Sq), respectively. p-APP-positive cases in Ad and Sq were 28 (31%) and 17 (49%), respectively. In Ad cases, both APP and p-APP were significantly associated with clinical stages (APP and p-APP), pathologic T (p-APP), and pathologic N (APP and p-APP) of the cases examined. In Sq cases, there were no significant associations between APP status and any of the clinicopathological parameters examined with an exception of the significant correlation of p-APP with lymphatic invasion. APP status was not significantly associated with overall survival (OS) of Ad patients but a significant association was detected between p-APP-positive cases and OS of these patients (p < 0.0001). In Sq cases, both APP- (p = 0.01) and p-APP-positive (p = 0.04) groups were also significantly associated with adverse clinical outcome. These results did firstly demonstrate that APP, in particular, p-APP, is considered a potent prognostic factor for both Ad and Sq lung carcinoma patients. However, APP signaling including its phosphorylation signal are considered different between these two types of NSCC cells and further investigations are required for clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Ito
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryoko Saito
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Yoon JH, Lee YS, Kim O, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Nam SW, Park WS. NKX6.3 protects against gastric mucosal atrophy by downregulating β-amyloid production. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:330-345. [PMID: 30686901 PMCID: PMC6343100 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i3.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrophic gastritis is characterized by loss of appropriate glands and reduction in gastric secretory function due to chronic inflammatory processes in gastric mucosa. Moreover, atrophic gastritis is considered as a precancerous condition of gastric cancer. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying gastric mucosal atrophy and its contribution to gastric carcinogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that transcription factor NKX6.3 might be involved in maintaining gastric epithelial homeostasis by regulating amyloid β (Aβ) production.
AIM To determine whether NKX6.3 might protect against gastric mucosal atrophy by regulating Aβ production.
METHODS We identified NKX6.3 depletion induced cell death by cell count and Western blot assay. Production and mechanism of Aβ oligomer were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analysis. We further validated the correlation between expression of NKX6.3, Helicobacter pylori CagA, Aβ oligomer, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and β-secretase 1 (Bace1) in 55 gastric mucosae.
RESULTS NKX6.3 depletion increased both adherent and floating cell populations in HFE-145 cells. Expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, -9, and poly ADP ribose polymerase were elevated in floating HFE-145shNKX6.3 cells. NKX6.3 depletion produced Aβ peptide oligomers, and increased expression of ApoE, amyloid precursor protein, Aβ, Bace1, low-density lipoprotein receptor, nicastrin, high mobility group box1, and receptor for advanced glycosylation end product proteins. In immunoprecipitation assay, γ-secretase complex was stably formed only in HFE-145shNKX6.3 cells. In gastric mucosae with atrophy, expression of Aβ peptide oligomer, ApoE, and Bace1 was detected and inversely correlated with NKX6.3 expression. Treatment with recombinant Aβ 1-42 produced Aβ oligomeric forms and decreased cell viability in HFE-145shNKX6.3 cells. Additionally, NKX6.3 depletion increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2.
CONCLUSION NKX6.3 inhibits gastric mucosal atrophy by regulating Aβ accumulation and inflammatory reaction in gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Olga Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37208, United States
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
- Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
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