1
|
Huang J, Ma S, Zhou M, Liu Z, Liang Q. Cytochemical localization and synthesis mechanism of the glucomannan in pseudobulbs of Bletilla striata Reichb. f. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae092. [PMID: 38799126 PMCID: PMC11116825 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The dried pseudobulbs of Bletilla striata, an important traditional Chinese medicine named BaiJi, have an extraordinary polysaccharide content and excellent prospects for medicinal effects. However, the distribution and molecular mechanism underlying biosynthesis are poorly understood. In this study, chemical and immunologic analyses were performed in representative tissues of B. striata, and the results showed that what are conventionally termed Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSPs) are water-soluble polysaccharides deposited only in pseudobulbs. The structural component of BSPs is glucomannan, with a mannose:glucose mass ratio of ~3:2. BSPs are present in the parenchyma of the pseudobulbs in cells known as glucomannan idioblasts and distributed in the cytoplasm within cellular membranes, but are not contained in the vacuole. Comparative transcriptomics and bioinformatics analyses mapped the pathway from sucrose to BSP and identified BsGPI, BsmanA, and BsCSLAs as the key genes of BSP biosynthesis, suggesting that the functional differentiation of the cellulose synthase-like family A (CSLA) may be critical for the flow of glucomannan to the BSP or cell wall. Subsequently, virus-mediated gene silencing showed that silencing of two CSLAs (Bs03G11846 and Bs03G11849) led to a decrease in BSP content, and yeast two-hybrid and luciferase complementation experiments confirmed that four CSLAs (Bs03G11846, Bs03G11847, Bs03G11848, and Bs03G11849) can form homo- or heterodimers, suggesting that multiple CSLAs may form a large complex that functions in BSP synthesis. Our results provide cytological evidence of BSP and describe the isolation and characterization of candidate genes involved in BSP synthesis, laying a solid foundation for further research on its regulation mechanisms and the genetic engineering breeding of B. striata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi City 435002, China
| | - Qiong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang F, Cao H, Si H, Zang J, Dong J, Xing J, Zhang K. FGCD: a database of fungal gene clusters related to secondary metabolism. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae011. [PMID: 38502608 PMCID: PMC11022746 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites are not necessary for growth, but they are important for fungal metabolism and ecology because they provide selective advantages for competition, survival and interactions with the environment. These various metabolites are widely used as medicinal precursors and insecticides. Secondary metabolism genes are commonly arranged in clusters along chromosomes, which allow for the coordinate control of complete pathways. In this study, we created the Fungal Gene Cluster Database to store, retrieve, and visualize secondary metabolite gene cluster information across fungal species. The database was created by merging data from RNA sequencing, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, genome browser, enrichment analysis and the R Shiny web framework to visualize and query putative gene clusters. This database facilitated the rapid and thorough examination of significant gene clusters across fungal species by detecting, defining and graphically displaying the architecture, organization and expression patterns of secondary metabolite gene clusters. In general, this genomic resource makes use of the tremendous chemical variety of the products of these ecologically and biotechnologically significant gene clusters to our further understanding of fungal secondary metabolism. Database URL: https://www.hebaubioinformatics.cn/FungalGeneCluster/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hongzhe Cao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Helong Si
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jinping Zang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jihong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kiss A, Hariri Akbari F, Marchev A, Papp V, Mirmazloum I. The Cytotoxic Properties of Extreme Fungi's Bioactive Components-An Updated Metabolic and Omics Overview. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1623. [PMID: 37629481 PMCID: PMC10455657 DOI: 10.3390/life13081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are the most diverse living organisms on planet Earth, where their ubiquitous presence in various ecosystems offers vast potential for the research and discovery of new, naturally occurring medicinal products. Concerning human health, cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality. While extensive research is being conducted on treatments and their efficacy in various stages of cancer, finding cytotoxic drugs that target tumor cells with no/less toxicity toward normal tissue is a significant challenge. In addition, traditional cancer treatments continue to suffer from chemical resistance. Fortunately, the cytotoxic properties of several natural products derived from various microorganisms, including fungi, are now well-established. The current review aims to extract and consolidate the findings of various scientific studies that identified fungi-derived bioactive metabolites with antitumor (anticancer) properties. The antitumor secondary metabolites identified from extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi are grouped according to their biological activity and type. It became evident that the significance of these compounds, with their medicinal properties and their potential application in cancer treatment, is tremendous. Furthermore, the utilization of omics tools, analysis, and genome mining technology to identify the novel metabolites for targeted treatments is discussed. Through this review, we tried to accentuate the invaluable importance of fungi grown in extreme environments and the necessity of innovative research in discovering naturally occurring bioactive compounds for the development of novel cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kiss
- Agro-Food Science Techtransfer and Innovation Centre, Faculty for Agro, Food and Environmental Science, Debrecen University, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Farhad Hariri Akbari
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andrey Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Viktor Papp
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Iman Mirmazloum
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Sun Y, Liu Y, Hu F, Xu L, Zheng Q, Wang Q, Zeng G, Zhang K. Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Streptococcus mutans isolates suggests key gene clusters in regulating its interaction with Streptococcus gordonii. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:945108. [PMID: 36033899 PMCID: PMC9416482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.945108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the primary pathogens responsible for dental caries. Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii) is one of the early colonizers of dental plaque and can compete with S. mutans for growth. In the present analysis, we explored key target genes against S. gordonii in S. mutans using 80 S. mutans clinical isolates with varying capabilities against S. gordonii. A principal coordinate analysis revealed significant genetic diversity differences between antagonistic and non-antagonistic groups. Genomic comparisons revealed 33 and 61 genes that were, respectively, positively and negatively correlated with S. mutans against S. gordonii, with RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) highlighting 11 and 43 genes that were, respectively, upregulated and downregulated in the antagonistic group. Through a combination of these results and antiSMASH analysis, we selected 16 genes for qRT-PCR validation in which the expression levels of SMU_137 (malate dehydrogenase, mleS), SMU_138 (malate permease, mleP), SMU_139 (oxalate decarboxylase, oxdC), and SMU_140 (glutathione reductase) were consistent with RNA-seq results. SMU_1315c-1317c (SMU_1315c transport-related gene) and SMU_1908c-1909c were, respectively, downregulated and upregulated in the antagonistic group. The expression patterns of adjacent genes were closely related, with correlation coefficient values greater than 0.9. These data reveal new targets (SMU_137–140, SMU_1315c-1317c, and SMU_1908c-1909c) for investigating the critical gene clusters against S. gordonii in S. mutans clinical isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Fuyong Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qingwei Zheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Guojin Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|