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Rivera A, Pozo M, Sánchez-Moreno VE, Vera E, Jaramillo LI. Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Extraction of Inulin from Ecuadorian Cabuya ( Agave americana). Molecules 2024; 29:3428. [PMID: 39065006 PMCID: PMC11279408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inulin is a carbohydrate that belongs to fructans; due to its health benefits, it is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this research, cabuya (Agave americana) was employed to obtain inulin by pulsed electric field-assisted extraction (PEFAE) and FTIR analysis confirmed its presence. The influence of PEFAE operating parameters, namely, electric field strength (1, 3 and 5 kV/cm), pulse duration (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 ms), number of pulses (10,000, 20,000 and 40,000) and work cycle (20, 50 and 80%) on the permeabilization index and energy expenditure were tested. Also, once the operating conditions for PEFAE were set, the temperature for conventional extraction (CE) and PEFAE were defined by comparing extraction kinetics. The cabuya meristem slices were exposed to PEFAE to obtain extracts that were quantified, purified and concentrated. The inulin was isolated by fractional precipitation with ethanol to be characterized. The highest permeabilization index and the lowest energy consumption were reached at 5 kV/cm, 0.5 ms, 10,000 pulses and 20%. The same extraction yield and approximately the same amount of inulin were obtained by PEFAE at 60 °C compared to CE at 80 °C. Despite, the lower amount of inulin obtained by PEFAE in comparison to CE, its quality was better because it is mainly constituted of inulin of high average polymerization degree with more than 38 fructose units. In addition, TGA analyses showed that inulin obtained by PEFAE has a lower thermal degradation rate than the obtained by CE and to the standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rivera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (A.R.); (V.E.S.-M.)
| | - Marcelo Pozo
- Departamento de Automatización y Control Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 170525, Ecuador;
| | - Vanessa E. Sánchez-Moreno
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (A.R.); (V.E.S.-M.)
| | - Edwin Vera
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 170525, Ecuador;
| | - Lorena I. Jaramillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (A.R.); (V.E.S.-M.)
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Cytotoxicity of a Cell Culture Medium Treated with a High-Voltage Pulse Using Stainless Steel Electrodes and the Role of Iron Ions. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020184. [PMID: 35207105 PMCID: PMC8877239 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
High-voltage pulses applied to a cell suspension cause not only cell membrane permeabilization, but a variety of electrolysis reactions to also occur at the electrode–solution interfaces. Here, the cytotoxicity of a culture medium treated by a single electric pulse and the role of the iron ions in this cytotoxicity were studied in vitro. The experiments were carried out on mouse hepatoma MH-22A, rat glioma C6, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The cell culture medium treated with a high-voltage pulse was highly cytotoxic. All cells died in the medium treated by a single electric pulse with a duration of 2 ms and an amplitude of just 0.2 kV/cm. The medium treated with a shorter pulse was less cytotoxic. The cell viability was inversely proportional to the amount of electric charge that flowed through the solution. The amount of iron ions released from the stainless steel anode (>0.5 mM) was enough to reduce cell viability. However, iron ions were not the sole reason of cell death. To kill all MH-22A and CHO cells, the concentration of Fe3+ ions in a medium of more than 2 mM was required.
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Zhao X, Izhar, Wang X, Tavakkoli H, Liu H, Tang B, Lee YK. A smartphone-based electroporation system with highly robust and low-voltage silicon nanopillar chips. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113776. [PMID: 34785492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel smartphone-based electroporation (EP) system integrated with 3D scalable and robust gold-coated silicon-nanopillar Electroporation (Au-Si NP-EP) chip using projection photolithography is developed, for the first time, for both EP and electric cell lysing (ECL) at low voltages. Au-SiNP-EP chip consists of silicon nanopillars fabricated by using ASML stepper, Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) process and coated with a gold microelectrode. The silicon nanopillars were optimized based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulations to enhance the electrical field intensity and mechanical strength. The fabricated Au-SiNP-EP chips are tested with both permeable (Acridine Orange (AO) and impermeable (Propidium Iodide (PI)) molecules for HeLa cells at different volts (1-8 V) and pulse duration (1-9 μs). The fabricated chip achieved an optimized EP efficiency of 84.3% and cell viability of 81.4% at a much smaller voltage (4.5V) than reported planar electroporation (PEP) devices (8-100V). Compared with nanostructures-based devices (2-20 V), our devices show both higher mechanical strength and fabrication yield. Besides, a smartphone app integrated with a low-cost open-source portable Arduino-based system is developed to provide optimized electrical protocols for both EP and ECL. The electric cell lysing with ECL efficiency of 97.0% at 7 V and pulse duration of 9 ms has been successfully demonstrated. The experimental results show that the proposed smartphone-based EP system with Au-SiNP EP chips is promising for various applications, including intracellular delivery of various biomolecules, drugs, and release of DNA/RNA molecules from biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Izhar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Hadi Tavakkoli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Haixiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Benzhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Kuen Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, SAR, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, SAR, Hong Kong.
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Electrochemotherapy in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer: Current Conditions and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061418. [PMID: 33808884 PMCID: PMC8003720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Electrochemotherapy (ECT) was first introduced in the late 1980s and was initially used mainly on cutaneous tumors. It has now evolved into a clinically verified treatment approach. Thanks to its high feasibility, it has been extended to treating mucosal and deep-seated tumors, including head and neck cancer (HNC) and in heavily pretreated settings. This review describes current knowledge and data on the use of ECT in various forms of HNCs across different clinical settings, with attention to future clinical and research perspectives. Abstract Despite recent advances in the development of chemotherapeutic drug, treatment for advanced cancer of the head and neck cancer (HNC) is still challenging. Options are limited by multiple factors, such as a prior history of irradiation to the tumor site as well as functional limitations. Against this background, electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a new modality which combines administration of an antineoplastic agent with locally applied electric pulses. These pulses allow the chemotherapeutic drug to penetrate the intracellular space of the tumor cells and thereby increase its cytotoxicity. ECT has shown encouraging efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in many clinical studies, including in heavily pre-treated HNC patients, and is considered a promising strategy. Efforts to improve its efficacy and broaden its application are now ongoing. Moreover, the combination of ECT with recently developed novel therapies, including immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)s, has attracted attention for its potent theoretical rationale. More extensive, well-organized clinical studies and timely updating of consensus guidelines will bring this hopeful treatment to HNC patients under challenging situations.
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Compact High-Voltage Pulse Generator for Pulsed Electric Field Applications: Lab-Scale Development. JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6525483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Square wave pulses have been identified as more lethal compared to exponential decay pulses in PEF applications. This is because of the on-time which is longer causes a formidable impact on the microorganisms in the food media. To have a reliable high-voltage pulse generator, a technique of capacitor discharge was employed. Four units of capacitor rated 100 μF 1.2 kV were connected in series to produce 25 μF 4.8 kV which were used to store the energy of approximately 200 J. The energy stored was discharged via HTS 181-01-C to the load in the range of nano to microseconds of pulse duration. The maximum voltage applied was limited to 4 kV because it is a lab-scale project. The electrical circuit diagram and the development procedure, as well as experimental results, are presented.
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Concepts and Capabilities of In-House Built Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) Generators for Electroporation: State of Art. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation is a pulsed electric field triggered phenomenon of cell permeabilization, which is extensively used in biomedical and biotechnological context. There is a growing scientific demand for high-voltage and/or high-frequency pulse generators for electropermeabilization of cells (electroporators). In the scope of this article we have reviewed the basic topologies of nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) generators for electroporation and the parametric capabilities of various in-house built devices, which were introduced in the last two decades. Classification of more than 60 various nsPEF generators was performed and pulse forming characteristics (pulse shape, voltage, duration and repetition frequency) were listed and compared. Lastly, the trends in the development of the electroporation technology were discussed.
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Electronic Emulator of Biological Tissue as an Electrical Load during Electroporation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation is an emerging technology, with great potential in many different medical and biotechnological applications, food engineering and biomass processing. Large variations of biological load characteristics, however, represent a great challenge in electroporator design, which results in different solutions. Because a clinical electroporator is a medical device, it must comply with medical device regulative and standards. However, none of the existing standards directly address the operation or electroporator’s performance requirements. In order to evaluate clinical, laboratory and prototype electroporation devices during the development process, or to evaluate their final performance considering at least from the perspective of output pulse parameters, we present a case study on the design of an electronic emulator of biological tissue as an electrical load during electroporation. The proposed electronic load emulator is a proof of concept, which enables constant and sustainable testing and unbiased comparison of different electroporators’ operations. We developed an analog electrical circuit that has equivalent impedance to the beef liver tissue in combination with needle electrodes, during high voltage pulse delivery and/or electroporation. Current and voltage measurements during electroporation of beef liver tissue ex vivo, were analyzed and parametrized to define the analog circuit equation. An equivalent circuit was simulated, built and validated. The proposed concept of an electronic load emulator can be used for “classical” electroporator (i.e., not nanosecond) performance evaluation and comparison of their operation. Additionally, it facilitates standard implementation regarding the testing protocol and enables quality assurance.
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8
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Compact Square-Wave Pulse Electroporator with Controlled Electroporation Efficiency and Cell Viability. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The design and development of a compact square-wave pulse generator for the electroporation of biological cells is presented. This electroporator can generate square-wave pulses with durations from 3 μs up to 10 ms, voltage amplitudes up to 3500 V, and currents up to 250 A. The quantity of the accumulated energy is optimized by means of a variable capacitor bank. The pulse forming unit design uses a crowbar circuit, which gives better control of the pulse form and its duration, independent of the load impedance. In such cases, the square-wave pulse form ensures better control of electroporation efficiency by choosing parameters determined in advance. The device has an integrated graphic LCD screen and measurement modules for the visualization of the current pulse, allowing for express control of the electroporation quality and does not require an external oscilloscope for current pulse recording. This electroporator was tested on suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells, during which, it was demonstrated that the application of such square-wave pulses ensured better control of the electroporation efficiency and cell viability after treatment using the pulsed electric field (PEF).
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Pirc E, Reberšek M, Miklavčič D. Functional Requirements and Quality Assurance Necessary for Successful Incorporation of Electroporation-Based Therapies Into Clinical Practice. J Med Device 2020. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4045837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Electroporation-based therapies have a huge potential for implementation into clinical practice in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Currently, the price of electroporators and electrodes is relatively high, but custom low budget devices can be developed. In the paper, we describe three most established applications in medicine, with the focus on the basic mechanisms, which should be taken into account during the development process of a clinical electroporator. Also, typical pulse parameters used in each of the described applications are defined. In the second part of the paper, we describe technical functional requirements for a clinical electroporator and safety guidelines, with the focus on medical device standard. At the end of the paper, the focus moves to a more general problematic, such as quality assurance and the importance of measurement during the pulse delivery, which we firmly believe is necessary for successful electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pirc
- Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matej Reberšek
- Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Levkov K, Linzon Y, Mercadal B, Ivorra A, González CA, Golberg A. High-voltage pulsed electric field laboratory device with asymmetric voltage multiplier for marine macroalgae electroporation. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Electroporation is a basic yet powerful method for delivering small molecules (RNA, DNA, drugs) across cell membranes by application of an electrical field. It is used for many diverse applications, from genetically engineering cells to drug- and DNA-based vaccine delivery. Despite this broad utility, the high cost of electroporators can keep this approach out of reach for many budget-conscious laboratories. To address this need, we develop a simple, inexpensive, and handheld electroporator inspired by and derived from a common household piezoelectric stove lighter. The proposed "ElectroPen" device can cost as little as 23 cents (US dollars) to manufacture, is portable (weighs 13 g and requires no electricity), can be easily fabricated using 3D printing, and delivers repeatable exponentially decaying pulses of about 2,000 V in 5 ms. We provide a proof-of-concept demonstration by genetically transforming plasmids into Escherichia coli cells, showing transformation efficiency comparable to commercial devices, but at a fraction of the cost. We also demonstrate the potential for rapid dissemination of this approach, with multiple research groups across the globe validating the ease of construction and functionality of our device, supporting the potential for democratization of science through frugal tools. Thus, the simplicity, accessibility, and affordability of our device holds potential for making modern synthetic biology accessible in high school, community, and resource-poor laboratories. This Community Page article describes an ultra-low–cost (23-cent) 3D-printed electroporator, inspired by a common barbecue lighter, designed to enable broader access to synthetic biology in high-school, community, and budget-conscious laboratories.
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A Laboratory IGBT-Based High-voltage Pulsed Electric Field Generator for Effective Water Diffusivity Enhancement in Chicken Meat. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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IGBT-Based Pulsed Electric Fields Generator for Disinfection: Design and In Vitro Studies on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:1314-1325. [PMID: 30726513 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation of cell membrane with pulsed electric fields is an emerging physical method for disinfection that aims to reduce the doses and volumes of used antibiotics for wound healing. Here we report on the design of the IGBT-based pulsed electric field generator that enabled eradication of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 on the gel. Using a concentric electric configuration we determined that the lower threshold of the electric field required to kill P. aeruginosa PAO1 was 89.28 ± 12.89 V mm-1, when 200 square pulses of 300 µs duration are delivered at 3 Hz. These parameters disinfected 38.14 ± 0.79 mm2 area around the single needle electrode. This study provides a step towards the design of equipment required for multidrug-resistant bacteria disinfection in patients with pulsed electric fields.
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De Virgilio A, Ralli M, Longo L, Mancini P, Attanasio G, Atturo F, De Vincentiis M, Greco A. Electrochemotherapy in head and neck cancer: A review of an emerging cancer treatment. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3415-3423. [PMID: 30127943 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients affected by aggressive neoplasms with a high propensity to metastasize to the skin, including some types of head and neck cancer, may benefit from electrochemotherapy, a modality that combines the electroporation of cell membranes and chemotherapy to facilitate the transport of non-permeant molecules into cells; the host immune response consequently participates in achieving the abolition of tumors. Electrochemotherapy can be successfully used for skin metastases of head and neck tumors and, with some limitations, for primary and relapsing neoplasms; it can also be applied on an outpatient basis with a favorable cost-benefit ratio and it is a repeatable treatment that, if necessary, can be followed by traditional antineoplastic therapies. Although still a palliative treatment, the good level of tolerability and the high success rates of electrochemotherapy make it worth consideration among treatment options in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando De Virgilio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, I-20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Longo
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Attanasio
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Atturo
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Vincentiis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00186 Rome, Italy
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Khan AA, Randhawa MA, Carne A, Mohamed Ahmed IA, Al-Juhaimi FY, Barr D, Reid M, Bekhit AEDA. Effect of low and high pulsed electric field processing on macro and micro minerals in beef and chicken. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Effect of pulsed electric field treatment on water distribution of freeze-dried apple tissue evaluated with DSC and TD-NMR techniques. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Wang S, Guan S, Wang J, Liu H, Liu T, Ma X, Cui Z. Fabrication and characterization of conductive poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with hyaluronic acid/poly (l-lactic acid) composite film for biomedical application. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:116-125. [PMID: 27498308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), a polythiophene derivative, has been proved to be modified by chemical process as biocompatible conductive polymer for biomedical applications. In this study, novel hyaluronic acid (HA)-doped PEDOT nanoparticles were synthesized by the method of chemical oxidative polymerization, then conductive PEDOT-HA/poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) composite films were prepared. The physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility of films were further investigated. FTIR, Raman and EDX analysis demonstrated that HA was successfully doped into PEDOT particles. Cyclic voltammograms indicated PEDOT-HA particles had favorable electrochemical stability. PEDOT-HA/PLLA films showed lower surface contact angle and faster degradation degree compared with PLLA films. Moreover, the cytotoxicity test of PEDOT-HA/PLLA films showed that neuron-like pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells adhered and spread well on the surface of PEDOT-HA/PLLA films and cell viability denoted by MTT assay had a significant increase. PEDOT-HA/PLLA films modified with laminin (LN) also exhibited an efficiently elongated cell morphology observed by fluorescent microscope and metallographic microscope. Furthermore, PEDOT-HA/PLLA films were subjected to different current intensity to elucidate the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. ES (0.5 mA, 2 h) significantly promoted neurite outgrowth with an average value length of 122 ± 5 μm and enhanced the mRNA expression of growth-associated protein (GAP43) and synaptophysin (SYP) in PC12 cells when compared with other ES groups. These results suggest that PEDOT-HA/PLLA film combined with ES are conducive to cell growth and neurite outgrowth, indicating the conductive PEDOT-HA/PLLA film may be an attractive candidate with ES for enhancing nerve regeneration in nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Wang
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Shui Guan
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xuehu Ma
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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Bertacchini C, Margotti PM, Bergamini E, Lodi A, Ronchetti M, Cadossi R. Design of an Irreversible Electroporation System for Clinical Use. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 6:313-20. [PMID: 17668939 DOI: 10.1177/153303460700600408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation is an ablation modality in which microseconds, high-voltage electrical pulses are applied to induce cell necrosis in a target tissue. To perform irreversible electroporation it is necessary to use a medical device specifically designed for this use. The design of an irreversible electroporation system is a complex task in which the effective delivery of high energy pulses and the safety of the patient and operator are equally important. Pulses of up to 3000 V of amplitude and 50 A of current need to be generated to irreversibly electroporate a target volume of approximately 50 to 70 cm3 with as many as six separate electrodes; therefore, a traditional approach based on high voltage amplifiers becomes hard to implement. In this paper, we present the process that led to the first irreversible electroporator capable of such performances approved for clinical use. The main design choices and its architecture are outlined. Safety issues are also explained along with the solutions adopted.
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Esmekaya MA, Kayhan H, Coskun A, Canseven AG. Effects of Cisplatin Electrochemotherapy on Human Neuroblastoma Cells. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:601-610. [PMID: 27021229 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy is the usage of electroporation to introduce chemotherapeutic drugs through membrane pores into target cells for cancer treatment. The effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs would be increased dramatically when they are used in electrochemotherapy than standard chemotherapy. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cisplatin treatment with electroporation on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations (0.15-24 µg/mL) of cisplatin and then exposed to 1500 volts per centimeter (V/cm), 100 microseconds (µs) pulse duration, and 1 Hertz (Hz) electric pulses. Cisplatin alone showed a dose-dependent effect on cell viability. On the other hand, cisplatin + electroporation treatment was more effective than cisplatin treatment alone. Lower doses of cisplatin treatment with electroporation was as effective as higher doses of cisplatin treatment without electroporation. These results indicated that cisplatin cytotoxicity was potentiated after exposure of cells to high intensity electric pulses and low doses of cisplatin can be used with electroporation in the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric Arda Esmekaya
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06510, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Handan Kayhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alaaddin Coskun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06510, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse G Canseven
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06510, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Bullmann T, Arendt T, Frey U, Hanashima C. A transportable, inexpensive electroporator for in utero electroporation. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:369-377. [PMID: 25988525 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is a useful technique to study gene function during development but its broad application is hampered due to the expensive equipment needed. We describe the construction of a transportable, simple and inexpensive electroporator delivering square pulses with varying length and amplitude. The device was successfully used for in utero electroporation in mouse with a performance comparable to that of commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bullmann
- Frey Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory for Neocortical Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraβe 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraβe 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Urs Frey
- Frey Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Carina Hanashima
- Laboratory for Neocortical Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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21
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Majhi AK, Thrivikraman G, Basu B, Venkataraman V. Optically transparent polymer devices for in situ assessment of cell electroporation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2014; 44:57-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-014-1001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Flisar K, Meglic SH, Morelj J, Golob J, Miklavcic D. Testing a prototype pulse generator for a continuous flow system and its use for E. coli inactivation and microalgae lipid extraction. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 100:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Physical methods for genetic transformation of fungi and yeast. Phys Life Rev 2014; 11:184-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
Membrane electropermeabilization is the observation that the permeability of a cell membrane can be transiently increased when a micro-millisecond external electric field pulse is applied on a cell suspension or on a tissue. Applicative aspects for the transfer of foreign molecules (macromolecules) into the cytoplasm are routinely used. But only a limited knowledge about what is really occurring in the cell and its membranes at the molecular levels is available. This chapter is a critical attempt to report the present state of the art and to point out some of the still open problems. The experimental facts associated to membrane electropermeabilization are firstly reported. They are valid on biological and model systems. Secondly, soft matter approaches give access to the bioelectrochemical description of the thermodynamical constraints supporting the destabilization of simplified models of the biological membrane. It is indeed described as a thin dielectric leaflet, where a molecular transport takes place by electrophoresis and then diffusion. This naïve approach is due to the lack of details on the structural aspects affecting the living systems as shown in a third part. Membranes are part of the cell machinery. The critical property of cells as being an open system from the thermodynamical point of view is almost never present. Computer simulations are now contributing to our knowledge on electropermeabilization. The last part of this chapter is a (very) critical report of all the efforts that have been performed. The final conclusion remains that we still do not know all the details on the reversible structural and dynamical alterations of the cell membrane (and cytoplasm) supporting its electropermeabilization. We have a long way in basic and translational researches to reach a pertinent description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Teissie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
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25
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Naumowicz M, Figaszewski ZA. Pore formation in lipid bilayer membranes made of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol followed by means of constant current. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 66:109-19. [PMID: 23104105 PMCID: PMC3627032 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the application of chronopotentiometry to lipid bilayer research. The experiments were performed on bilayer lipid membranes composed of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol and formed using the painting technique. Chronopotentiometric (U = f(t)) measurements were used to determine the membrane capacitance, resistance, and breakdown voltage as well as pore conductance and diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Naumowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Al. J. Pilsudskiego 11/4, 15-443, Bialystok, Poland.
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Jahanshahi A, Schonfeld L, Janssen MLF, Hescham S, Kocabicak E, Steinbusch HWM, van Overbeeke JJ, Temel Y. Electrical stimulation of the motor cortex enhances progenitor cell migration in the adult rat brain. Exp Brain Res 2013; 231:165-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Fini M, Salamanna F, Parrilli A, Martini L, Cadossi M, Maglio M, Borsari V. Electrochemotherapy is effective in the treatment of rat bone metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 30:1033-45. [PMID: 23832763 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases impair general health status, quality of life and survival of patients. Electrochemotherapy (ECT), which combines electroporation (EP) and the administration of anticancer drugs, has been recently introduced into clinical practice for the local treatment of solid tumours. In the present study, the ability of EP with bleomycin (Bleo) to induce MRMT-1 rat breast cancer cell death was investigated in vitro. Then, an in vivo model for bone metastases was set up by the inoculation of MRMT-1 cells in rat proximal tibia. 7 days after tumour induction the animals were treated with Bleo, EP, Bleo followed by EP (ECT), or left untreated. ECT eliminated the tumour in 6 out of 8 (75 %) treated metastases. Radiological evaluation showed that the Honore score in ECT-treated animals was significantly lower when compared with the other groups (p < 0.0005) and not significantly different from healthy controls. Bone morphology in ECT-treated animals, evaluated by histological and microtomographical analyses, showed intact cortical and trabecular bone structure with new bone apposition. Histomorphometric evaluation showed that ECT-treated metastases had significantly higher bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and bone mineral density compared with those of untreated metastases (respectively p < 0.0005 for BV/TV, Tb.N and BMD; p < 0.05 for Tb.Th) or metastases treated with Bleo (p < 0.05 for BV/TV, Tb.N, p < 0.005 for BMD) or EP (p < 0.005 for BV/TV, Tb.N; p < 0.0005 for BMD). These findings suggest that early ECT treatment of bone metastases is minimally invasive, safe and effective, thus providing pre-clinical evidence for its use in the treatment of human bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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28
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Qi F, Wang Y, Ma T, Zhu S, Zeng W, Hu X, Liu Z, Huang J, Luo Z. Electrical regulation of olfactory ensheathing cells using conductive polypyrrole/chitosan polymers. Biomaterials 2012; 34:1799-809. [PMID: 23228424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) applied to a conductive nerve graft holds the great potential to improve nerve regeneration and functional recovery in the treatment of lengthy nerve defects. A conductive nerve graft can be obtained by a combination of conductive nerve scaffold and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which are known to enhance axonal regeneration and to produce myelin after transplantation. However, when ES is applied through the conductive graft, the impact of ES on OECs has never been investigated. In this study, a biodegradable conductive composite made of conductive polypyrrole (PPy, 2.5%) and biodegradable chitosan (97.5%) was prepared in order to electrically stimulate OECs. The tolerance of OECs to ES was examined by a cell apoptosis assay. The growth of the cells was characterized using DAPI staining and a CCK-8 assay. The mRNA and protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A (NOGO-A) in OECs were assayed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and the amount of BDNF, NGF, N-CAM, VEGF and NOGO-A secreted was determined by an ELISA assay. The results showed that the PPy/chitosan membranes supported cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation with or without ES. Interestingly, ES applied through the PPy/chitosan composite dramatically enhanced the expression and secretion of BDNF, NGF, N-CAM and VEGF, but decreased the expression and secretion of NOGO-A when compared with control cells without ES. These findings highlight the possibility of enhancing nerve regeneration in conductive scaffolds through ES increased neurotrophin secretion in OECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Qi
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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29
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Sersa G, Cufer T, Paulin SM, Cemazar M, Snoj M. Electrochemotherapy of chest wall breast cancer recurrence. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:379-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Pucihar G, Krmelj J, Reberšek M, Napotnik TB, Miklavčič D. Equivalent pulse parameters for electroporation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:3279-88. [PMID: 21900067 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2167232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation-based applications require the use of specific pulse parameters for a successful outcome. When recommended values of pulse parameters cannot be set, similar outcomes can be obtained by using equivalent pulse parameters. We determined the relations between the amplitude and duration/number of pulses resulting in the same fraction of electroporated cells. Pulse duration was varied from 150 ns to 100 ms, and the number of pulses from 1 to 128. Fura 2-AM was used to determine electroporation of cells to Ca(2+). With longer pulses or higher number of pulses, lower amplitudes are needed for the same fraction of electroporated cells. The expression derived from the model of electroporation could describe the measured data on the whole interval of pulse durations. In a narrower range (0.1-100 ms), less complex, logarithmic or power functions could be used instead. The relation between amplitude and number of pulses could best be described with a power function or an exponential function. We show that relatively simple two-parameter power or logarithmic functions are useful when equivalent pulse parameters for electroporation are sought. Such mathematical relations between pulse parameters can be important in planning of electroporation-based treatments, such as electrochemotherapy and nonthermal irreversible electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorazd Pucihar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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31
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KIS ERIKA, OLÁH JUDIT, ÓCSAI HENRIETTE, BALTAS ESZTER, GYULAI ROLLAND, KEMÉNY LAJOS, HORVATH ANDREARITA. Electrochemotherapy of Cutaneous Metastases of Melanoma-A Case Series Study and Systematic Review of the Evidence. Dermatol Surg 2011; 37:816-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01951..x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Huang J, Hu X, Lu L, Ye Z, Zhang Q, Luo Z. Electrical regulation of Schwann cells using conductive polypyrrole/chitosan polymers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:164-74. [PMID: 19536828 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) can dramatically enhance neurite outgrowth through conductive polymers and accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration in animal models of nerve injury. Therefore, conductive tissue engineering graft in combination with ES is a potential treatment for neural injuries. Conductive tissue engineering graft can be obtained by seeding Schwann cells on conductive scaffold. However, when ES is applied through the conductive scaffold, the impact of ES on Schwann cells has never been investigated. In this study, a biodegradable conductive composite made of conductive polypyrrole (PPy, 2.5%) and biodegradable chitosan (97.5%) was prepared in order to electrically stimulate Schwann cells. The tolerance of Schwann cells to ES was examined by a cell apoptosis assay. The growth of the cells was characterized using DAPI staining and a MTT assay. mRNA and protein levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Schwann cells were assayed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and the amount of NGF and BDNF secreted was determined by an ELISA assay. The results showed that the PPy/chitosan membranes supported cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation with or without ES. Interestingly, ES applied through the PPy/chitosan composite dramatically enhanced the expression and secretion of NGF and BDNF when compared with control cells without ES. These findings highlight for the first time the possibility of enhancing nerve regeneration in conductive scaffolds through ES-increased neurotrophin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Huang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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33
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Ivorra A, Villemejane J, Mir LM. Electrical modeling of the influence of medium conductivity on electroporation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10055-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c004419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Ron A, Fishelson N, Croitoru N, Shur I, Benayahu D, Shacham-Diamand Y. Examination of the induced potential gradients across inner and outer cellular interfaces in a realistic 3D cytoplasmic-embedded mitochondrion model. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Kis E, Szegesdi I, Ócsai H, Gyulai R, Kemény L, Oláh J. Electrochemotherapy of melanoma cutaneous metastases. Orv Hetil 2010; 151:99-101. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2010.28781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Az elektrokemoterápia daganatok bőráttéteinek palliatív kezelésére alkalmas eljárás, amelynek során nagy energiájú elektromos impulzusok hatására a sejtek membránja áteresztővé válik olyan anyagok, így kemoterapeutikumok számára, amelyek egyébként nem vagy csak kismértékben kerülnének a sejt belsejébe, ezáltal megnövelve azok citotoxikus hatását.
Módszer:
Klinikánkon 7, előrehaladott melanomában szenvedő beteg 81 bőráttétének elektrokemoterápiás kezelését végeztük el. A beavatkozásokat altatásban, intravénás bleomycin adásával végeztük. Az átlagos követési idő 218 nap volt.
Eredmények:
A kezelés hatására 25%-ban észleltünk teljes, míg 43%-ban részleges remissziót. A kezelt metasztázisok 26%-ánál nem történt változás, míg 6%-ban a tumor növekedett.
Következtetések:
Eredményeink alátámasztják azokat az irodalmi adatokat, amelyek szerint az elektrokemoterápia egyszerűen kivitelezhető, hatásos módszer a melanoma többszörös bőráttéteinek palliatív kezelésére. Az új eljárás kevés mellékhatással jár, és javítja a betegek életminőségét.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kis
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Bőrgyógyászati és Allergológiai Klinika Szeged Korányi fasor 6. 6720
| | - Ilona Szegesdi
- 2 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás Intézet Szeged
| | - Henriette Ócsai
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Bőrgyógyászati és Allergológiai Klinika Szeged Korányi fasor 6. 6720
| | - Rolland Gyulai
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Bőrgyógyászati és Allergológiai Klinika Szeged Korányi fasor 6. 6720
| | - Lajos Kemény
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Bőrgyógyászati és Allergológiai Klinika Szeged Korányi fasor 6. 6720
| | - Judit Oláh
- 1 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Bőrgyógyászati és Allergológiai Klinika Szeged Korányi fasor 6. 6720
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37
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Optimization and Numerical Modeling in Irreversible Electroporation Treatment Planning. IRREVERSIBLE ELECTROPORATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-05420-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Blumlein Configuration for High-Repetition-Rate Pulse Generation of Variable Duration and Polarity Using Synchronized Switch Control. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009; 56:2642-8. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2009.2027422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Pereira RN, Galindo FG, Vicente AA, Dejmek P. Effects of Pulsed Electric Field on the Viscoelastic Properties of Potato Tissue. FOOD BIOPHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-009-9120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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40
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Mazères S, Sel D, Golzio M, Pucihar G, Tamzali Y, Miklavcic D, Teissié J. Non invasive contact electrodes for in vivo localized cutaneous electropulsation and associated drug and nucleic acid delivery. J Control Release 2009; 134:125-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Electroporation in Biological Cell and Tissue: An Overview. ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES FOR EXTRACTION FROM FOOD PLANTS AND BIOMATERIALS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-79374-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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The regulation of cell functions electrically using biodegradable polypyrrole–polylactide conductors. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3792-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Chen C, Evans JA, Robinson MP, Smye SW, O'Toole P. Measurement of the efficiency of cell membrane electroporation using pulsed ac fields. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:4747-57. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/17/019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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44
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Marc PJ, Sims CE, Bachman M, Li GP, Allbritton NL. Fast-lysis cell traps for chemical cytometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:710-6. [PMID: 18432340 PMCID: PMC2605510 DOI: 10.1039/b719301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrically addressable cell traps were integrated with capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of the contents of single adherent cells. Electrodes composed of indium tin oxide were patterned on a glass surface followed by formation of topographical cell traps using 1002F photoresist. Single cells trapped in the holes could be lysed in less than 66 ms by applying a brief electric field (10 ms) across the electrode beneath the cell and the ground electrode placed in the aqueous media above the cell traps. The gas formed during cell lysis remained localized within the cavity formed by the 1002F photoresist. The retention of the gas in the cell trap enabled the cell traps to be coupled to an overlying capillary without blockage of the capillary. Single cells cultured in the traps were loaded with fluorescein and Oregon Green and then electrically lysed. By simultaneous application of an electric field to the capillary, the cell's contents were loaded into the capillary and electrophoretically separated. Orgeon Green and fluorescein from a single cell were fully resolved in less than two minutes. The use of a single patterned electrode beneath the 1002F cell trap yielded a simple easily fabricated design that was robust when immersed in aqueous solutions. Moreover, the design can easily be scaled up to create arrays of adherent cells for serial analyses using a single capillary or for parallel analysis by mating to an array of capillaries. Enhancing the rate of analysis of single adherent cells would enable a greater understanding of cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Marc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Christopher E. Sims
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA. E-mail: ; Fax: +1-919-962-2388
| | - Mark Bachman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - G. P. Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA. E-mail: ; Fax: +1-919-962-2388
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45
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Rebersek M, Corović S, Sersa G, Miklavcic D. Electrode commutation sequence for honeycomb arrangement of electrodes in electrochemotherapy and corresponding electric field distribution. Bioelectrochemistry 2008; 74:26-31. [PMID: 18424240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy is a treatment based on combination of chemotherapeutic drug and electroporation. It is used in clinics for treatment of solid tumours. For electrochemotherapy of larger tumours multiple needle electrodes were already suggested. We developed and tested electrode commutation circuit, which controls up to 19 electrodes independently. Each electrode can be in one of three possible states: on positive or negative potential or in the state of high impedance. In addition, we tested a pulse sequence using seven electrodes for which we also calculated electric field distribution in tumour tissue by means of finite-elements method. Electrochemotherapy, performed by multiple needle electrodes and tested pulse sequence on large subcutaneous murine tumour model resulted in tumour growth delay and 57% complete responses, thus demonstrating that the tested electrode commutation sequence is efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Rebersek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Trzaska 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Gene delivery by electroporation after dielectrophoretic positioning of cells in a non-uniform electric field. Bioelectrochemistry 2008; 72:141-8. [PMID: 18276199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of dielectrophoresis (DEP) to position U-937 monocytes within a non-uniform electric field, prior to electroporation (EP) for gene delivery. DEP positioning and EP pulsing were both accomplished using a common set of inert planar electrodes, micro-fabricated on a glass substrate. A single-shell model of the cell's dielectric properties and finite-element modeling of the electric field distribution permitted us to predict the major features of cell positioning. The extent to which electric pulses increased the permeability of the cell membranes to fluorescent molecules and to pEGFPLuc DNA plasmids were found to depend on prior positioning. For a given set of pulse parameters, EP was either irreversible (resulting in cytolysis), reversible (leading to gene delivery), or not detectable, depending on where cells were positioned. Our results clearly demonstrate that position-dependent EP of cells in a non-uniform electric field can be controlled by DEP.
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De Vuyst E, De Bock M, Decrock E, Van Moorhem M, Naus C, Mabilde C, Leybaert L. In situ bipolar electroporation for localized cell loading with reporter dyes and investigating gap junctional coupling. Biophys J 2008; 94:469-79. [PMID: 17872956 PMCID: PMC2157259 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is generally used to transfect cells in suspension, but the technique can also be applied to load a defined zone of adherent cells with substances that normally do not permeate the plasma membrane. In this case a pulsed high-frequency oscillating electric field is applied over a small two-wire electrode positioned close to the cells. We compared unipolar with bipolar electroporation pulse protocols and found that the latter were ideally suited to efficiently load a narrow longitudinal strip of cells in monolayer cultures. We further explored this property to determine whether electroporation loading was useful to investigate the extent of dye spread between cells coupled by gap junctions, using wild-type and stably transfected C6 glioma cells expressing connexin 32 or 43. Our investigations show that the spatial spread of electroporation-loaded 6-carboxyfluorescein, as quantified by the standard deviation of Gaussian dye spread or the spatial constant of exponential dye spread, was a reliable approach to investigate the degree of cell-cell coupling. The spread of reporter dye between coupled cells was significantly larger with electroporation loading than with scrape loading, a widely used method for dye-coupling studies. We conclude that electroporation loading and dye transfer is a robust technique to investigate gap-junctional coupling that combines minimal cell damage with accurate probing of the degree of cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke De Vuyst
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Corović S, Pavlin M, Miklavcic D. Analytical and numerical quantification and comparison of the local electric field in the tissue for different electrode configurations. Biomed Eng Online 2007; 6:37. [PMID: 17937793 PMCID: PMC2100058 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-6-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrochemotherapy and gene electrotransfer are novel promising treatments employing locally applied high electric pulses to introduce chemotherapeutic drugs into tumor cells or genes into target cells based on the cell membrane electroporation. The main focus of this paper was to calculate analytically and numerically local electric field distribution inside the treated tissue in two dimensional (2D) models for different plate and needle electrode configurations and to compare the local electric field distribution to parameter U/d, which is widely used in electrochemotherapy and gene electrotransfer studies. We demonstrate the importance of evaluating the local electric field distribution in electrochemotherapy and gene electrotransfer. METHODS We analytically and numerically analyze electric field distribution based on 2D models for electrodes and electrode configurations which are most widely used in electrochemotherapy and gene electrotransfer. Analytical calculations were performed by solving the Laplace equation and numerical calculations by means of finite element method in two dimensions. RESULTS We determine the minimal and maximal E inside the target tissue as well as the maximal E over the entire treated tissue for the given electrode configurations. By comparing the local electric field distribution calculated for different electrode configurations to the ratio U/d, we show that the parameter U/d can differ significantly from the actual calculated values of the local electric field inside the treated tissue. By calculating the needed voltage to obtain E > U/d inside the target tissue, we showed that better electric field distribution can be obtained by increasing the number and changing the arrangement of the electrodes. CONCLUSION Based on our analytical and numerical models of the local electric field distribution we show that the applied voltage, configuration of the electrodes and electrode position need to be chosen specifically for each individual case, and that numerical modeling can be used to optimize the appropriate electrode configuration and adequate voltage. Using numerical models we further calculate the needed voltage for a specific electrode configuration to achieve adequate E inside the target tissue while minimizing damages of the surrounding tissue. We present also analytical solutions, which provide a convenient, rapid, but approximate method for a pre-analysis of electric field distribution in treated tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Corović
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Sersa G, Miklavcic D, Cemazar M, Rudolf Z, Pucihar G, Snoj M. Electrochemotherapy in treatment of tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007; 34:232-40. [PMID: 17614247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Electrochemotherapy is a local drug delivery approach aimed at treatment with palliative intent of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumour nodules of different histologies. Electrochemotherapy, via cell membrane permeabilising electric pulses, potentiates the cytotoxicity of non-permeant or poorly permeant anticancer drugs with high intrinsic cytotoxicity, such as bleomycin or cisplatin, at the site of electric pulse application. METHODS An overview of preclinical and clinical studies is presented, and the treatment procedure is further critically evaluated. RESULTS In clinical studies electrochemotherapy has proved to be a highly efficient and safe approach for treating cutaneous and subcutaneous tumour nodules. The treatment response for various tumours (predominantly melanoma) was approximately 75% complete and 10% partial response of the treated nodules. CONCLUSIONS Electrochemotherapy is a new, clinically acknowledged method for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumours. Its advantages are high effectiveness on tumours with different histologies, simple application, minimal side effects and the possibility of effective repetitive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ivorra A, Rubinsky B. In vivo electrical impedance measurements during and after electroporation of rat liver. Bioelectrochemistry 2007; 70:287-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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