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Kohl Y, William N, Elje E, Backes N, Rothbauer M, Srancikova A, Rundén-Pran E, El Yamani N, Korenstein R, Madi L, Barbul A, Kozics K, Sramkova M, Steenson K, Gabelova A, Ertl P, Dusinska M, Nelson A. Rapid identification of in vitro cell toxicity using an electrochemical membrane screening platform. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108467. [PMID: 37244203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the performance and output of an electrochemical phospholipid membrane platform against respective in vitro cell-based toxicity testing methods using three toxicants of different biological action (chlorpromazine (CPZ), colchicine (COL) and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS)). Human cell lines from seven different tissues (lung, liver, kidney, placenta, intestine, immune system) were used to validate this physicochemical testing system. For the cell-based systems, the effective concentration at 50 % cell death (EC50) values are calculated. For the membrane sensor, a limit of detection (LoD) value was extracted as a quantitative parameter describing the minimum concentration of toxicant which significantly affects the structure of the phospholipid sensor membrane layer. LoD values were found to align well with the EC50 values when acute cell viability was used as an end-point and showed a similar toxicity ranking of the tested toxicants. Using the colony forming efficiency (CFE) or DNA damage as end-point, a different order of toxicity ranking was observed. The results of this study showed that the electrochemical membrane sensor generates a parameter relating to biomembrane damage, which is the predominant factor in decreasing cell viability when in vitro models are acutely exposed to toxicants. These results lead the way to using electrochemical membrane-based sensors for rapid relevant preliminary toxicity screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach 66280, Germany.
| | - Nicola William
- School of Chemistry and Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Elisabeth Elje
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller 2007, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Oslo 0372, Norway.
| | - Nadine Backes
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach 66280, Germany
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Annamaria Srancikova
- Department of Nanobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84505, Slovakia.
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller 2007, Norway.
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller 2007, Norway
| | - Rafi Korenstein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Lea Madi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Alexander Barbul
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Katarina Kozics
- Department of Nanobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84505, Slovakia.
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Department of Nanobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84505, Slovakia.
| | - Karen Steenson
- School of Chemistry and Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Alena Gabelova
- Department of Nanobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84505, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller 2007, Norway.
| | - Andrew Nelson
- School of Chemistry and Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Howaili F, Özliseli E, Küçüktürkmen B, Razavi SM, Sadeghizadeh M, Rosenholm JM. Stimuli-Responsive, Plasmonic Nanogel for Dual Delivery of Curcumin and Photothermal Therapy for Cancer Treatment. Front Chem 2021; 8:602941. [PMID: 33585400 PMCID: PMC7873892 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.602941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanogels (Ng) are crosslinked polymer-based hydrogel nanoparticles considered to be next-generation drug delivery systems due to their superior properties, including high drug loading capacity, low toxicity, and stimuli responsiveness. In this study, dually thermo-pH-responsive plasmonic nanogel (AuNP@Ng) was synthesized by grafting poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) to chitosan (CS) in the presence of a chemical crosslinker to serve as a drug carrier system. The nanogel was further incorporated with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to provide simultaneous drug delivery and photothermal therapy (PTT). Curcumin's (Cur) low water solubility and low bioavailability are the biggest obstacles to effective use of curcumin for anticancer therapy, and these obstacles can be overcome by utilizing an efficient delivery system. Therefore, curcumin was chosen as a model drug to be loaded into the nanogel for enhancing the anticancer efficiency, and further, its therapeutic efficiency was enhanced by PTT of the formulated AuNP@Ng. Thorough characterization of Ng based on CS and PNIPAM was conducted to confirm successful synthesis. Furthermore, photothermal properties and swelling ratio of fabricated nanoparticles were evaluated. Morphology and size measurements of nanogel were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Nanogel was found to have a hydrodynamic size of ~167 nm and exhibited sustained release of curcumin up to 72 h with dual thermo-pH responsive drug release behavior, as examined under different temperature and pH conditions. Cytocompatibility of plasmonic nanogel was evaluated on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer and non-tumorigenic MCF 10A cell lines, and the findings indicated the nanogel formulation to be cytocompatible. Nanoparticle uptake studies showed high internalization of nanoparticles in cancer cells when compared with non-tumorigenic cells and confocal microscopy further demonstrated that AuNP@Ng were internalized into the MDA-MB-231 cancer cells via endosomal route. In vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed dose-dependent and time-dependent drug delivery of curcumin loaded AuNP@Ng/Cur. Furthermore, the developed nanoparticles showed an improved chemotherapy efficacy when irradiated with near-infrared (NIR) laser (808 nm) in vitro. This work revealed that synthesized plasmonic nanogel loaded with curcumin (AuNP@Ng/Cur) can act as stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, having potential for dual therapy i.e., delivery of hydrophobic drug and photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadak Howaili
- NanoBiotechnology Department, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezgi Özliseli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Berrin Küçüktürkmen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyyede Mahboubeh Razavi
- Polymer Reaction Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- NanoBiotechnology Department, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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3
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Platinum Atoms Dispersed in Single-chain Polymer Nanoparticles. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mohamed HA, Shepherd S, William N, Blundell HA, Das M, Pask CM, Lake BRM, Phillips RM, Nelson A, Willans CE. Silver(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Derived from Clotrimazole: Antiproliferative Activity and Interaction with an Artificial Membrane-Based Biosensor. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Mohamed
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Samantha Shepherd
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Nicola William
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Helen A. Blundell
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Madhurima Das
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Christopher M. Pask
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Benjamin R. M. Lake
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Roger M. Phillips
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Andrew Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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Narang P, Venkatesu P. Efficacy of several additives to modulate the phase behavior of biomedical polymers: A comprehensive and comparative outlook. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 274:102042. [PMID: 31677492 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Several new classes of polymeric materials are being introduced with unique properties. Thermoresponsive polymers (TRPs) are one of the most fascinating and emerging class of biomaterials in biomedical research. The design of TRPs with good response to temperature and its ability to exhibit coil to globular transition behavior near to physiological temperature made them more promising materials in the field of biomaterials and biomedicines. Instead of numerous studies on TRPs, the mechanistic interplay among several additives and TRPs is still not understood clearly and completely. The lack of complete understanding of biomolecular interactions of various additives with TRPs is limiting their applications in interdisciplinary science as well as pharmaceutical industry. There is a great need to provide a collective and comprehensive information of various additives and their behavior on widely accepted biopolymers, TRPs such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), poly(N-vinylcaprolactum) (PVCL) and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG) in aqueous solution. Obviously, as the literature on the influence of various additives on TRPs is very vast, therefore we focus our review only on these four selected TRPs. Additives such as polyols, methylamines, surfactants and denaturants basically made the significant changes in water structure associated to polymer via their entropy variation which is the direct influence of their directly or indirectly binding abilities. Eventually, this review addresses a brief overview of the most recent literature of applications based phase behavior of four selected TRPs in response to external stimuli. The work enhances the knowledge for use of TRPs in the advanced development of drug delivery system and in many more pharmaceutical applications. These kinds of studies provide powerful impact in exploring the utility range of polymeric materials in various field of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Narang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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6
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William N, Nelson A, Gutsell S, Hodges G, Rabone J, Teixeira A. Hg-supported phospholipid monolayer as rapid screening device for low molecular weight narcotic compounds in water. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1069:98-107. [PMID: 31084746 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study positions the fabricated Pt/Hg-supported phospholipid sensor element in the context of more conventional biomembrane-based screening platforms. The technology has been used together with immobilised artificial membrane (IAM) chromatography and COSMOmic simulation methods to screen the interaction of a series of low molecular weight narcotic organic compounds in water with phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes. For these chemicals it is shown that toxicity to aquatic species is related to compound hydrophobicity which is associated with compound accumulation in the phospholipid membrane as modelled by IAM chromatography measurements and COSMOmic simulations. In contrast, the Hg-supported dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) sensor element records membrane damage/modification which is indirectly related to general toxicity and directly related to compound structure. Electrochemical limit of detection (LoD) values depend on molecular structure and range from 20 μmolL-1 for substituted phenols to 23 mmolL-1 for aliphatics. Rapid cyclic voltammetry (RCV) "fingerprints" showed that the major structural classes of compounds: alkyl/chlorobenzenes, substituted phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds and neutral amines interacted distinctively with the DOPC on Hg and that these observations correlated with and supported those predicted by the COSMOmic simulations of the compound/DMPC association. In addition, the compatibility of the electrochemical and COSMOmic methods validates the electrochemical device as a meaningful high throughput technology to screen compounds in water and report on the mechanistic details of their interaction with phospholipid layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N William
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - S Gutsell
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - G Hodges
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - J Rabone
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - A Teixeira
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, UK
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Singh A, Vaishagya K, K. Verma R, Shukla R. Temperature/pH-Triggered PNIPAM-Based Smart Nanogel System Loaded With Anastrozole Delivery for Application in Cancer Chemotherapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:213. [PMID: 31165298 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermo and pH-responsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) polymer has gained interest due to microenvironment targeting potential toward cancer cells. Its exceptional potential of the phase transition at body temperature (37°C) makes it biologically relevant for drug delivery and biosensing. The optimum drug loading and particle size with controlled release at a specific site are essential for critical process parameters (CPP). This study investigates the formulation optimization anastrozole (ANST)-loaded PNIPAM nanoparticle (NPs) prepared by solvent evaporation method for pH- and thermo-responsive drug delivery. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was implemented to observe the effect of selected process parameters on quality attributes product including particle size 110.15 nm, zeta potential - 11.02 mV, PDI 0.175, and drug loading 8.35% (DL). The statistical data was found to fit in the quadratic model and p value is less than 0.005. The thermo-responsive behavior of PNIPAM is evaluated on DLS and UV-Visible spectroscopy at elevated temperature to 60°C that has shown increment in turbidity showed aggregation of the nanoparticles. The TEM and AFM revealed the spherical and smooth surface ANST-PNIPAM NPs. The formulation showed the controlled release of ANST for 48 h at pH 7.4 and triggered release at simulated tumor microenvironment pH 5.0. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the formulation is higher than free ANST and shown dose-dependent cell viability. The higher cell uptake was observed by NPs after 12-h incubation in MCF-7 cell lines using confocal microscopy. Apoptotic evaluation of ANST-PNIPAM NPs exhibited 22.67% in comparison to free ANST where 6% was analyzed on the flow cytometer.
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Narang P, Venkatesu P. Unravelling the role of polyols with increasing carbon chain length and OH groups on the phase transition behavior of PNIPAM. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In advanced applications of pharmaceutical, agricultural and biomedical research, thermoresponsive polymers (TRPs) are potential candidates which show conformational transitions at given temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Narang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi – 110 007
- India
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9
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Sanver D, Murray BS, Sadeghpour A, Rappolt M, Nelson AL. Experimental Modeling of Flavonoid-Biomembrane Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13234-13243. [PMID: 27951697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific interactions of flavonoids with lipids can alter the membrane's features (e.g., thickness and fluctuations) as well as influence their therapeutic potentials. However, relatively little is known about the details of how flavonoids interact with lipid components. Structure-dependent interactions of a variety of flavonoids with phospholipid monolayers on a mercury (Hg) film electrode were established by rapid cyclic voltammetry (RCV). The data revealed that flavonoids adopting a planar configuration altered the membrane properties more significantly than nonplanar flavonoids. Quercetin, rutin, and tiliroside were selected for follow-up experiments with Langmuir monolayers, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Relaxation phenomena in DOPC monolayers and visualization of the surface with BAM revealed a pronounced monolayer stabilization effect with both quercetin and tiliroside, whereas rutin disrupted the monolayer structure rendering the surface entirely smooth. SAXS showed a monotonous membrane thinning for all compounds studied associated with an increase in the mean fluctuations of the membrane. Rutin, quercetin, and tiliroside decreased the bilayer thickness of DOPC by ∼0.45, 0.8, and 1.1 Å at 6 mol %, respectively. In addition to the novelty of using lipid monolayers to systematically characterize the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a variety of flavonoids, this is the first report investigating the effect of tiliroside with biomimetic membrane models. All the flavonoids studied are believed to be localized in the lipid/water interface region. Both this localization and the membrane perturbations have implications for their therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Sanver
- Department of Food Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University , Koycegiz Kampusu, 420701 Konya, Turkey
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10
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Significance of particle size and charge capacity in TiO2 nanoparticle-lipid interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 473:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang F, Pu H, Jin M, Pan H, Chang Z, Wan D, Du J. From single-chain folding to polymer nanoparticles via intramolecular quadruple hydrogen-bonding interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; Tongji University, Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Hongting Pu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; Tongji University, Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Ming Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; Tongji University, Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; Tongji University, Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Zhihong Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; Tongji University, Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Decheng Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; Tongji University, Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Jiang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; Tongji University, Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201804 China
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Schultz C, Powell K, Crossley A, Jurkschat K, Kille P, Morgan AJ, Read D, Tyne W, Lahive E, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ. Analytical approaches to support current understanding of exposure, uptake and distributions of engineered nanoparticles by aquatic and terrestrial organisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:239-261. [PMID: 25516483 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Initiatives to support the sustainable development of the nanotechnology sector have led to rapid growth in research on the environmental fate, hazards and risk of engineered nanoparticles (ENP). As the field has matured over the last 10 years, a detailed picture of the best methods to track potential forms of exposure, their uptake routes and best methods to identify and track internal fate and distributions following assimilation into organisms has begun to emerge. Here we summarise the current state of the field, focussing particularly on metal and metal oxide ENPs. Studies to date have shown that ENPs undergo a range of physical and chemical transformations in the environment to the extent that exposures to pristine well dispersed materials will occur only rarely in nature. Methods to track assimilation and internal distributions must, therefore, be capable of detecting these modified forms. The uptake mechanisms involved in ENP assimilation may include a range of trans-cellular trafficking and distribution pathways, which can be followed by passage to intracellular compartments. To trace toxicokinetics and distributions, analytical and imaging approaches are available to determine rates, states and forms. When used hierarchically, these tools can map ENP distributions to specific target organs, cell types and organelles, such as endosomes, caveolae and lysosomes and assess speciation states. The first decade of ENP ecotoxicology research, thus, points to an emerging paradigm where exposure is to transformed materials transported into tissues and cells via passive and active pathways within which they can be assimilated and therein identified using a tiered analytical and imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schultz
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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Vakurov A, Galluzzi M, Podestà A, Gamper N, Nelson AL, Connell SDA. Direct characterization of fluid lipid assemblies on mercury in electric fields. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3242-3250. [PMID: 24625246 DOI: 10.1021/nn4037267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid monolayers on mercury (Hg) surfaces have received substantial and extensive scientific interest not only because of their use as a biomembrane model but also for their application as a successful toxicity-sensing element. The monolayers show characteristic and very reproducible phase transitions manifest as consecutive voltammetric peaks in response to applied transverse electric fields. Unfortunately, apart from the results of simulation studies, there is a lack of data on the lipid phase structures to help interpret these voltammetric peaks. In this paper we report on the direct measurement of the structural changes underlying the phase transitions of phospholipid layers of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) at electrified Hg surfaces using atomic force microscopy force-distance techniques. These direct measurements enable a description of the following structural changes in fluid lipid assemblies on a liquid electrode within an increasing transverse electric field. At about -1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl) a field-facilitated ingress of ions and water into the monolayer results in a phase transition to a structured 2D emulsion. This is followed by a further phase transition at more negative potentials involving the readsorption of bilayer patches. At stronger values of field the bilayer patches form semivesicles, which subsequently collapse to form a monolayer of uncertain composition at very negative potentials. The observation that a monolayer on Hg converts to a bilayer by increasing the applied potential has allowed techniques to be developed for preparing and characterizing a near-continuous DOPC bilayer on Hg in an applied potential window within -1.0 and -1.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl).
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Zhang S, Chen R, Malhotra G, Critchley K, Vakurov A, Nelson A. Electrochemical modelling of QD-phospholipid interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 420:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Electrochemical screening of biomembrane-active compounds in water. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 813:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Vakurov A, Guillermo Mokry, Drummond-Brydson R, Wallace R, Svendsen C, Nelson A. ZnO nanoparticle interactions with phospholipid monolayers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 404:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Galluzzi M, Zhang S, Mohamadi S, Vakurov A, Podestà A, Nelson A. Interaction of imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids with DOPC phospholipid monolayers: electrochemical study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6573-6581. [PMID: 23654287 DOI: 10.1021/la400923d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To test the biocompatible character of room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs), the interaction of various ILs with biological membrane (biomembrane) models was studied in this work. Dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) adsorbed on a mercury (Hg) electrode forms an impermeable defect-free monolayer which is a well established biomembrane model, prone to be studied by electrochemical techniques. We have monitored the modifications of the Hg supported monolayer caused by ILs using rapid cyclic voltammetry (RCV), alternating current voltammetry (ACV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A series of imidazolium-based ILs were investigated whose interaction highlighted the role of anion and lateral side chain of cation during the interaction with DOPC monolayers. It was shown that the hydrophobic and lipophilic character of the IL cations is a primary factor responsible for this interaction. Hg-supported monolayers provide an accurate analysis of the behavior of ILs at the interface of a biomembrane leading to a comprehensive understanding of the interaction mechanisms involved. At the same time, these experiments show that the Hg-phospholipid model is an effective toxicity sensing technique as shown by the correlation between literature in vivo toxicity data and the data from this study.
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