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Meng X, O'Hare D, Ladame S. Surface immobilization strategies for the development of electrochemical nucleic acid sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115440. [PMID: 37406480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the recent pandemic and with the emergence of cell-free nucleic acids in liquid biopsies as promising biomarkers for a broad range of pathologies, there is an increasing demand for a new generation of nucleic acid tests, with a particular focus on cost-effective, highly sensitive and specific biosensors. Easily miniaturized electrochemical sensors show the greatest promise and most typically rely on the chemical functionalization of conductive materials or electrodes with sequence-specific hybridization probes made of standard oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) or synthetic analogues (e.g. Peptide Nucleic Acids or PNAs). The robustness of such sensors is mostly influenced by the ability to control the density and orientation of the probe at the surface of the electrode, making the chemistry used for this immobilization a key parameter. This exhaustive review will cover the various strategies to immobilize nucleic acid probes onto different solid electrode materials. Both physical and chemical immobilization techniques will be presented. Their applicability to specific electrode materials and surfaces will also be discussed as well as strategies for passivation of the electrode surface as a way of preventing electrode fouling and reducing nonspecific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Meng
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. https://in.linkedin.com/https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=xiaotong-meng-888IC
| | - Danny O'Hare
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Sylvain Ladame
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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2
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Thevendran R, Foo KL, Hussin MH, Moses EJ, Citartan M, Prasad HR, Maheswaran S. Reverse Electrochemical Sensing of FLT3-ITD Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Gold Sputtered ZnO-Nanorod Configured DNA Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:170. [PMID: 35323440 PMCID: PMC8946250 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Detection of genetic mutations leading to hematological malignancies is a key factor in the early diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3-ITD mutations are an alarming gene defect found commonly in AML patients associated with high cases of leukemia and low survival rates. Available diagnostic assessments for FLT3-ITD are incapable of combining cost-effective detection platforms with high analytical performances. To circumvent this, we developed an efficient DNA biosensor for the recognition of AML caused by FLT3-ITD mutation utilizing electrochemical impedance characterization. The system was designed by adhering gold-sputtered zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods onto interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensor chips. The sensing surface was biointerfaced with capture probes designed to hybridize with unmutated FLT3 sequences instead of the mutated FLT3-ITD gene, establishing a reverse manner of target detection. The developed biosensor demonstrated specific detection of mutated FLT3 genes, with high levels of sensitivity in response to analyte concentrations as low as 1 nM. The sensor also exhibited a stable functional life span of more than five weeks with good reproducibility and high discriminatory properties against FLT3 gene targets. Hence, the developed sensor is a promising tool for rapid and low-cost diagnostic applications relevant to the clinical prognosis of AML stemming from FLT3-ITD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Thevendran
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia; (R.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Kai Loong Foo
- Nano Biochip Research Group, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Hazwan Hussin
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Marimuthu Citartan
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia; (R.T.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Solayappan Maheswaran
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine (CoExNano), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
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3
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Zhang YY, Guillon FX, Griveau S, Bedioui F, Lazerges M, Slim C. Evolution of nucleic acids biosensors detection limit III. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:943-968. [PMID: 34668044 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review is an update of two previous ones focusing on the limit of detection of electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors allowing direct detection of nucleic acid target (miRNA, mRNA, DNA) after hybridization event. A classification founded on the nature of the electrochemical transduction pathway is established. It provides an overall picture of the detection limit evolution of the various sensor architectures developed during the last three decades and a critical report of recent strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (iCLeHS), Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Imaging and Analytical Systems for Diagnosis (SEISAD) Team, PSL Research University, CNRS, Chimie ParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Guillon
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (iCLeHS), Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Imaging and Analytical Systems for Diagnosis (SEISAD) Team, PSL Research University, CNRS, Chimie ParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Griveau
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (iCLeHS), Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Imaging and Analytical Systems for Diagnosis (SEISAD) Team, PSL Research University, CNRS, Chimie ParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (iCLeHS), Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Imaging and Analytical Systems for Diagnosis (SEISAD) Team, PSL Research University, CNRS, Chimie ParisTech, 75231, Paris, France.
| | - Mathieu Lazerges
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Cyrine Slim
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (iCLeHS), Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Imaging and Analytical Systems for Diagnosis (SEISAD) Team, PSL Research University, CNRS, Chimie ParisTech, 75231, Paris, France.
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4
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Suni II. Substrate Materials for Biomolecular Immobilization within Electrochemical Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:239. [PMID: 34356710 PMCID: PMC8301891 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors have potential applications for agriculture, food safety, environmental monitoring, sports medicine, biomedicine, and other fields. One of the primary challenges in this field is the immobilization of biomolecular probes atop a solid substrate material with adequate stability, storage lifetime, and reproducibility. This review summarizes the current state of the art for covalent bonding of biomolecules onto solid substrate materials. Early research focused on the use of Au electrodes, with immobilization of biomolecules through ω-functionalized Au-thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), but stability is usually inadequate due to the weak Au-S bond strength. Other noble substrates such as C, Pt, and Si have also been studied. While their nobility has the advantage of ensuring biocompatibility, it also has the disadvantage of making them relatively unreactive towards covalent bond formation. With the exception of Sn-doped In2O3 (indium tin oxide, ITO), most metal oxides are not electrically conductive enough for use within electrochemical biosensors. Recent research has focused on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2 and on electrically conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene. In addition, the deposition of functionalized thin films from aryldiazonium cations has attracted significant attention as a substrate-independent method for biofunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ivar Suni
- Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; ; Tel.: +1-618-453-7822
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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5
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Tai MJY, Perumal V, Gopinath SCB, Raja PB, Ibrahim MNM, Jantan IN, Suhaimi NSH, Liu WW. Laser-scribed graphene nanofiber decorated with oil palm lignin capped silver nanoparticles: a green biosensor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5475. [PMID: 33750861 PMCID: PMC7970908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), requires a high level of attention and is one of the most infectious diseases in the air. Present methods of diagnosing TB remain ineffective owing to their low sensitivity and time consumption. In this study, we produced a green graphene nanofiber laser biosensor (LSG-NF) decorated with oil palm lignin-based synthetic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The resulting composite morphology was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the effective adaptation of the AgNPs to the LSG-NF surface. The successful attachment of AgNPs and LSG-NFs was also evident from X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies. In order to verify the sensing efficiency, a selective DNA sample captured on AgNPs was investigated for specific binding with M.tb target DNA through selective hybridisation and mismatch analysis. Electrochemical impedance studies further confirmed sensitive detection of up to 1 fM, where a detection limit of 10-15 M was obtained by estimating the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 3:1) as 3σ. Successful DNA immobilisation and hybridisation was confirmed by the detection of phosphorus and nitrogen peaks based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The stability and repeatability of the analysis were high. This approach provides an affordable potential sensing system for the determination of M. tuberculosis biomarker and thus provides a new direction in medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Jia Yong Tai
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Veeradasan Perumal
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Pandian Bothi Raja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Iffah Najihah Jantan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Wei-Wen Liu
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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6
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Drozd M, Pietrzak MD, Malinowska E. SPRi-Based Biosensing Platforms for Detection of Specific DNA Sequences Using Thiolate and Dithiocarbamate Assemblies. Front Chem 2018; 6:173. [PMID: 29872654 PMCID: PMC5972272 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The framework of presented study covers the development and examination of the analytical performance of surface plasmon resonance-based (SPR) DNA biosensors dedicated for a detection of model target oligonucleotide sequence. For this aim, various strategies of immobilization of DNA probes on gold transducers were tested. Besides the typical approaches: chemisorption of thiolated ssDNA (DNA-thiol) and physisorption of non-functionalized oligonucleotides, relatively new method based on chemisorption of dithiocarbamate-functionalized ssDNA (DNA-DTC) was applied for the first time for preparation of DNA-based SPR biosensor. The special emphasis was put on the correlation between the method of DNA immobilization and the composition of obtained receptor layer. The carried out studies focused on the examination of the capability of developed receptors layers to interact with both target DNA and DNA-functionalized AuNPs. It was found, that the detection limit of target DNA sequence (27 nb length) depends on the strategy of probe immobilization and backfilling method, and in the best case it amounted to 0.66 nM. Moreover, the application of ssDNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as plasmonic labels for secondary enhancement of SPR response is presented. The influence of spatial organization and surface density of a receptor layer on the ability to interact with DNA-functionalized AuNPs is discussed. Due to the best compatibility of receptors immobilized via DTC chemisorption: 1.47 ± 0.4 · 1012 molecules · cm-2 (with the calculated area occupied by single nanoparticle label of ~132.7 nm2), DNA chemisorption based on DTCs is pointed as especially promising for DNA biosensors utilizing indirect detection in competitive assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Drozd
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz D Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Malinowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Analysis of the evolution of the detection limits of electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors II. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4335-4352. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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8
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Drozd M, Pietrzak M, Kalinowska D, Grabowska-Jadach I, Malinowska E. Glucose dithiocarbamate derivatives as capping ligands of water-soluble CdSeS/ZnS quantum dots. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Torati SR, Reddy V, Yoon SS, Kim C. Electrochemical biosensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA detection based on gold nanotubes array electrode platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 78:483-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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'Spotted Nanoflowers': Gold-seeded Zinc Oxide Nanohybrid for Selective Bio-capture. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12231. [PMID: 26178973 PMCID: PMC4503952 DOI: 10.1038/srep12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid gold nanostructures seeded into nanotextured zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoflowers (NFs) were created for novel biosensing applications. The selected 'spotted NFs' had a 30-nm-thick gold nanoparticle (AuNP) layer, chosen from a range of AuNP thicknesses, sputtered onto the surface. The generated nanohybrids, characterized by morphological, physical and structural analyses, were uniformly AuNP-seeded onto the ZnO NFs with an average length of 2-3 μm. Selective capture of molecular probes onto the seeded AuNPs was evidence for the specific interaction with DNA from pathogenic Leptospirosis-causing strains via hybridization and mis-match analyses. The attained detection limit was 100 fM as determined via impedance spectroscopy. High levels of stability, reproducibility and regeneration of the sensor were obtained. Selective DNA immobilization and hybridization were confirmed by nitrogen and phosphorus peaks in an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The created nanostructure hybrids illuminate the mechanism of generating multiple-target, high-performance detection on a single NF platform, which opens a new avenue for array-based medical diagnostics.
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11
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Kocak I, Yildiz U, Coban B, Sengul A. DNA-binding studies of complex of Pt(bpy)(pip)]2+ and [Pt(bpy)(hpip)]2+ by electrochemical methods: development of an electrochemical DNA biosensor. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Altintas Z, Fakanya WM, Tothill IE. Cardiovascular disease detection using bio-sensing techniques. Talanta 2014; 128:177-86. [PMID: 25059146 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Universally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognised as the prime cause of death with estimates exceeding 20 million by 2015 due to heart disease and stroke. Facts regarding the disease, its classification and diagnosis are still lacking. Hence, understanding the issues involved in its initiation, its symptoms and early detection will reduce the high risk of sudden death associated with it. Biosensors developed to be used as rapid screening tools to detect disease biomarkers at the earliest stage and able to classify the condition are revolutionising CVD diagnosis and prognosis. Advances in interdisciplinary research areas have made biosensors faster, highly accurate, portable and environmentally friendly diagnostic devices. The recent advances in microfluidics and the advent of nanotechnology have resulted in the development of improved diagnostics through reduction of analysis time and integration of several clinical assays into a single, portable device as lab-on-a-chip (LOC). The development of such affinity based systems is a major drive of the rapidly growing nanotechnology industry which involves a multidisciplinary research effort encompassing nanofluidics, microelectronics and analytical chemistry. This review summarised the classification of CVD, the biomarkers used for its diagnosis, biosensors and their application including the latest developments in the field of heart-disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Altintas
- Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Wellington M Fakanya
- Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; Atlas Genetics, White Horse Business Park, Wiltshire BA14 0XG, UK
| | - Ibtisam E Tothill
- Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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Erden PE, Kılıç E. A review of enzymatic uric acid biosensors based on amperometric detection. Talanta 2013; 107:312-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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