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Ma R, Wang Y, Wang Z, Yin S, Liu Z, Yan K. Enhanced Cellular Doxorubicin Uptake via Delayed Exposure Following Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Treatment: An In Vitro Study. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:851. [PMID: 39065548 PMCID: PMC11280291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) with pharmaceuticals is a pioneering therapeutic method capable of enhancing drug uptake efficacy in cells. Utilizing nsPEFs configured at 400 pulses, an electric field strength of 15 kV/cm, a pulse duration of 100 ns, and a repetition rate of 10 pulses per second (PPS), we combined the nsPEF with a low dose of doxorubicin (DOX) at 0.5 μM. Upon verifying that cells could continuously internalize DOX from the surrounding medium within 1 h post nsPEF exposure, we set the DOX exposure period to 10 min and contrasted the outcomes of varying sequences of DOX and nsPEF administration: pulsing followed by DOX, DOX followed by pulsing, and DOX applied 40 min after pulsing. Flow cytometry, CCK-8 assays, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to examine intracellular DOX accumulation, cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ultrastructural transformations. Our findings demonstrate that exposing cells to DOX 40 min subsequent to nsPEF treatment can effectively elevate intracellular DOX levels, decrease cell viability, and inhibit the cell cycle. This research work presents a novel approach to enhance DOX uptake efficiency with moderate conditions of both DOX and nsPEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongwei Ma
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (R.M.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research, Ministry of Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (Y.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zhihao Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (R.M.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research, Ministry of Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (Y.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (R.M.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Keping Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (R.M.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.)
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Peng W, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Zhong A, Zhang C, Wei Z, Liu X, Dong S, Wu J, Xue Y, Wu M, Yao C. Optimal Irreversible Electroporation Combined with Nano-Enabled Immunomodulatory to Boost Systemic Antitumor Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302549. [PMID: 38059737 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed nµPEF, a novel pulse configuration combining nanosecond and microsecond pulses (nµPEF), to enhance tumor ablation in irreversible electroporation (IRE) for oncological therapy. nµPEF demonstrated improved efficacy in inducing immunogenic cell death, positioning it as a potential candidate for next-generation ablative therapy. However, the immune response elicited by nµPEF alone was insufficient to effectively suppress distant tumors. To address this limitation, we developed PPR@CM-PD1, a genetically engineered nanovesicle. PPR@CM-PD1 employed a polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticle encapsulating the immune adjuvant imiquimod and coated with a genetically engineered cell membrane expressing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1). This design allowed PPR@CM-PD1 to target both the innate immune system through toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonism and the adaptive immune system through programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) checkpoint blockade. In turn, nµPEF facilitated intratumoral infiltration of PPR@CM-PD1 by modulating the tumor stroma. The combination of nµPEF and PPR@CM-PD1 generated a potent and systemic antitumor immune response, resulting in remarkable suppression of both nµPEF-treated and untreated distant tumors (abscopal effects). This interdisciplinary approach presents a promising perspective for oncotherapy and holds great potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Cao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, P. R. China
| | - Aoxue Zhong
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Cao Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zuwu Wei
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Shoulong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Wu
- Department of Health Science, Technology and Education, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100088, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Xue
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, and School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Ming Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Chenguo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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Jacobs IV EJ, Graybill PM, Jana A, Agashe A, Nain AS, Davalos RV. Engineering high post-electroporation viabilities and transfection efficiencies for elongated cells on suspended nanofiber networks. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108415. [PMID: 37011476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of cell shape on cell membrane permeabilization by pulsed electric fields is not fully understood. For certain applications, cell survival and recovery post-treatment is either desirable, as in gene transfection, electrofusion, and electrochemotherapy, or is undesirable, as in tumor and cardiac ablations. Understanding of how morphology affects cell viability post-electroporation may lead to improved electroporation methods. In this study, we use precisely aligned nanofiber networks within a microfluidic device to reproducibly generate elongated cells with controlled orientations to an applied electric field. We show that cell viability is significantly dependent on cell orientation, elongation, and spread. Further, these trends are dependent on the external buffer conductivity. Additionally, we see that cell survival for elongated cells is still supported by the standard pore model of electroporation. Lastly, we see that manipulating the cell orientation and shape can be leveraged for increased transfection efficiencies when compared to spherical cells. An improved understanding of cell shape and pulsation buffer conductivity may lead to improved methods for enhancing cell viability post-electroporation by engineering the cell morphology, cytoskeleton, and electroporation buffer conditions.
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Liu H, Yao C, Zhao Y, Chen X, Dong S, Wang L, Davalos RV. In Vitro Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Preferential Ablation of Chemo-Resistant Tumor Cells Induced by High-Voltage Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 68:2400-2411. [PMID: 33232222 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance causes tumor recurrence and metastasis, resulting in poor clinical outcomes and low survival, and has been considered an obstacle to tumor therapy. The development of novel therapeutic approaches that can effectively kill chemoresistant tumor cells (CRTCs) is therefore critical to overcoming these obstacles. OBJECTIVE Here, we introduce an emerging physical feature-based therapeutic approach based on nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs). The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of nsPEFs on CRTCs. METHODS The cell viability, ablation effects on a 3D-cultured scaffold, and lethal thresholds of nsPEFs were evaluated according to fluorescence staining assays. RESULTS nsPEF treatment preferentially affected chemoresistant cells (A549/CDDP) with a higher cell viability inhibition ability/cell death rate, larger ablation area, and lower ablation threshold compared to their respective homologous tumor cells (A549). The experimental and theoretical studies suggested that nsPEFs displayed selective behavior toward intracellular structures. With this selective character, nsPEFs can induce higher electroporation effects (e.g., higher pore number, larger electroporation area, and faster fluorescence dissipation on the nuclear envelope) on CRTCs due to their larger nuclear size and cell membrane capacitance. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that nsPEFs induced preferential ablation of CRTCs over their respective homologous tumor cells. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides an experimental and theoretical basis for the study of killing CRTCs by electrical treatments and suggests potential applications in the optimization of novel anti-chemoresistance methods.
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