High efficiency electrochemical separation of uranium(VI) from uranium-containing wastewater by microbial fuel cells with different cathodes

A self-driven solar coupling system with TiO2@MXene cathode for effectively eliminating uranium and organics from complex wastewater accompanying with electricity generation

The inevitable organic matters in radioactive wastewater and contaminated waters pose great challenge in uranium recycling by traditional techniques. Here, a self-driven solar coupling system (SSCS), which was assembled by a TiO2 @MXene/CF cathode and a monolithic photoanode, was proposed for synergistically recycling uranium and degrading organics from complex radioactive wastewater, combining with electricity production. The TiO2 @MXene/CF was prepared via a simple annealing process with in-situ derived TiO2 nanoparticles decorated Ti3C2 MXene coated on carbon felt (CF). Under sunlight illumination, the photoanode captured electrons of organics, and drove electrons to the TiO2 @MXene/CF, which exhibited an exceptional UO22+ adsorption and reduction capacity because TiO2 nanoparticles provided plenty of surface hydroxyl groups for UO22+ adsorption, and the unique two-dimensional MXene facilitated the charge transfer. The SSCS with TiO2 @MXene/CF removed almost 100% UO22+ and organics with rate constants of ∼21 and ∼6.9 times those of the system with CF, accompanying with excellent power output (∼1000 μW·cm-2). The fixed uranium on TiO2 @MXene/CF was effectively reduced into insoluble UO2 (91.1%), and no obvious decay was observed after 15 repeated uses. This study proposes a multi-functional and easy-operated way for remediating radioactive wastewater and contaminated waters, and gives valuable insights in designing cathode materials for uranium reduction.