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Arellano-Anaya ZE, Huor A, Leblanc P, Lehmann S, Provansal M, Raposo G, Andréoletti O, Vilette D. Prion strains are differentially released through the exosomal pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1185-96. [PMID: 25227242 PMCID: PMC11113346 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell transfer of prions is a crucial step in the spreading of prion infection through infected tissue. At the cellular level, several distinct pathways including direct cell-cell contacts and release of various types of infectious extracellular vesicles have been described that may potentially lead to infection of naïve cells. The relative contribution of these pathways and whether they may vary depending on the prion strain and/or on the infected cell type are not yet known. In this study we used a single cell type (RK13) infected with three different prion strains. We showed that in each case, most of the extracellular prions resulted from active cell secretion through the exosomal pathway. Further, quantitative analysis of secreted infectivity indicated that the proportion of prions eventually secreted was dramatically dependent on the prion strain. Our data also highlight that infectious exosomes secreted from cultured cells might represent a biologically pertinent material for spiking experiments. Also discussed is the appealing possibility that abnormal PrP from different prion strains may differentially interact with the cellular machinery to promote secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira E. Arellano-Anaya
- INRA, UMR 1225, IHAP, 31076 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 1225, IHAP, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Alvina Huor
- INRA, UMR 1225, IHAP, 31076 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 1225, IHAP, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Leblanc
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule (LBMC), Equipe Différenciation Neuromusculaire, Ecole Normale Supérieure-Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5239, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et de Biothérapie (I.M.R.B.), Physiopathologie, Diagnostic et Thérapie Cellulaire des Affections Neurodégénératives, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Université Montpellier 1 U1040 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Monique Provansal
- Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et de Biothérapie (I.M.R.B.), Physiopathologie, Diagnostic et Thérapie Cellulaire des Affections Neurodégénératives, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Université Montpellier 1 U1040 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, UMR 144, CNRS, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- INRA, UMR 1225, IHAP, 31076 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 1225, IHAP, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Vilette
- INRA, UMR 1225, IHAP, 31076 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR 1225, IHAP, 31076 Toulouse, France
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Yunoki M, Tanaka H, Urayama T, Kanai Y, Nishida A, Yoshikawa M, Ohkubo Y, Kawabata Y, Hagiwara K, Ikuta K. Infectious prion protein in the filtrate even after 15nm filtration. Biologicals 2010; 38:311-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Seeger H, Julius C, Cozzari C, Calella AM, Dattilo M, Aguzzi A. Prion depletion and preservation of biological activity by preparative chaotrope ultracentrifugation. Biologicals 2008; 36:403-11. [PMID: 18760936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are characterized by unusual physicochemical properties, such as insolubility and resistance to proteases, and maintain infectivity after contact with disinfectants and decontamination procedures active against conventional pathogens. To date, most methods for prion inactivation are either incomplete or unacceptably harsh for the purification of fragile biotherapeutics. Here we describe a simple prion removal procedure that takes advantage of differential sedimentation and denaturation of prions. Prion-spiked fluids were layered onto an intermediate sucrose cushion and an 8M urea solution, and subjected to single-step ultracentrifugation. Due to their insolubility, prions rapidly traveled through the sucrose cushion into the urea solution. Prion infectivity in the upper phase was reduced by at least 3.2 logs, or up to 6 logs or more. Very little soluble protein was lost from the input sample and a proof-of-principle experiment demonstrated only marginally reduced biological activity of spiked enzyme after ultracentrifugation. This procedure is likely to synergize with nanofiltration and other prion removal steps in the treatment of batches of raw and semifinal biopharmaceutical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Seeger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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