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Jafari Najaf Abadi MH, Abyaneh FA, Zare N, Zamani J, Abdoli A, Aslanbeigi F, Hamblin MR, Tarrahimofrad H, Rahimi M, Hashemian SM, Mirzaei H. In silico design and immunoinformatics analysis of a chimeric vaccine construct based on Salmonella pathogenesis factors. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106130. [PMID: 37121524 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are two vaccines based on killed and/or weakened Salmonella bacteria, but no recombinant vaccine is available for preventing or treating the disease. We used an in silico approach to design a multi-epitope vaccine against Salmonella using OmpA, OmpS, SopB, SseB, SthA and FilC antigens. We predicted helper T lymphocyte, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and IFN-γ epitopes. The FilC sequence was used as a bovine TLR5 agonist, and the linkers KK, AAY, GPGPG and EAAAK were used to connect epitopes. The final sequence consisted of 747 amino acid residues, and the expressed soluble protein (∼79.6 kDa) was predicted to be both non-allergenic and antigenic. The tertiary structure of modeled protein was refined and validated, and the interactions of vaccine 3D structure were evaluated using molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation (RMSD, RMSF and Gyration). This structurally stable protein could interact with human TLR5. The C-ImmSim server predicted that this proposed vaccine likely induces an immune response by stimulating T and B cells, making it a potential candidate for further evaluation for the prevention and treatment of Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noushid Zare
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zamani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Abdoli
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aslanbeigi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Hossein Tarrahimofrad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Rahimi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983535511, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Jiang Z, Kang X, Song Y, Zhou X, Yue M. Identification and Evaluation of Novel Antigen Candidates against Salmonella Pullorum Infection Using Reverse Vaccinology. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040865. [PMID: 37112777 PMCID: PMC10143441 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pullorum disease, caused by the Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum, is a highly contagious disease in the poultry industry, leading to significant economic losses in many developing countries. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, immediate attention is required to prevent their endemics and global spreading. To mitigate the prevalence of MDR Salmonella Pullorum infections in poultry farms, it is urgent to develop effective vaccines. Reverse vaccinology (RV) is a promising approach using expressed genomic sequences to find new vaccine targets. The present study used the RV approach to identify new antigen candidates against Pullorum disease. Initial epidemiological investigation and virulent assays were conducted to select strain R51 for presentative and general importance. An additional complete genome sequence (4.7 Mb) for R51 was resolved using the Pacbio RS II platform. The proteome of Salmonella Pullorum was analyzed to predict outer membrane and extracellular proteins, and was further selected for evaluating transmembrane domains, protein prevalence, antigenicity, and solubility. Twenty-two high-scored proteins were identified among 4713 proteins, with 18 recombinant proteins successfully expressed and purified. The chick embryo model was used to assess protection efficacy, in which vaccine candidates were injected into 18-day-old chick embryos for in vivo immunogenicity and protective effects. The results showed that the PstS, SinH, LpfB, and SthB vaccine candidates were able to elicit a significant immune response. Particularly, PstS confers a significant protective effect, with a 75% survival rate compared to 31.25% for the PBS control group, confirming that identified antigens can be promising targets against Salmonella Pullorum infection. Thus, we offer RV to discover novel effective antigens in an important veterinary infectious agent with high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Jiang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiamei Kang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Song
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Yue
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lv P, Zhang X, Song M, Hao G, Wang F, Sun S. Oral administration of recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing a multi-epitope protein induces strong immune responses against Salmonella Enteritidis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 276:109632. [PMID: 36521295 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The S. Enteritidis causes serious economic losses to the poultry industry every year. Vaccines that induce a mucosal immune response may be successful against an S. Enteritidis infection because mucosa plays an important role in preventing S. Enteritidis from entering the body. In order to develop novel and potent oral vaccines based on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) to control the spread of S. Enteritidis in the poultry industry, we constructed a B. subtilis that can secrete a multi-epitope protein (OmpC-FliC-SopF-SseB-IL-18). Oral immunization of chickens was performed, and serum antibodies, mucosal antibodies, specific cellular immunity and serum cytokines were detected. Immunizing chicks with S. Enteritidis was evaluated. The results showed high levels of specific IgG in addition to high levels of specific secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in chickens who received oral administrations of recombinant B. subtilis. Additionally, recombinant B. subtilis may significantly increase the levels of IL-2 and T cell-mediated immunity. Recombinant B. subtilis effectively protected chickens against S. Enteritidis and reduced pathological damage to the spleen and jejunum. Our study's outcomes indicate that the expression of the multi-epitope protein OmpC-FliC-SopF-SseB-IL-18 by B. subtilis could generate a mucosal vaccine candidate for animals to defend against S. Enteritidis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Mengze Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Guijuan Hao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Singh Y, Saxena A, Singh SP, Verma MK, Kumar A, Kumar A, Mrigesh M, Saxena MK. Calcium phosphate adjuvanted nanoparticles of outer membrane proteins of Salmonella Typhi as a candidate for vaccine development against Typhoid fever. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35476604 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The conventional adjuvants used in vaccines have limitations like induction of an imbalanced Th1 and Th2 immune response. To overcome this limitation, novel adjuvants and newer forms of existing adjuvants like calcium phosphate nanoparticles are being tested.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Calcium phosphate adjuvanted outer membrane proteins vaccine may work as an efficient, safe and cost effective vaccine against Salmonella Typhi.Aim. Our goals were to evaluate the potential of calcium phosphate nanoparticles as an adjuvant using outer membrane proteins (Omps) of Salmonella Typhi as antigens for immune response, with montanide (commercially available adjuvant) as control, and its toxicity in rats.Methodology. Calcium phosphate adjuvanted outer membrane proteins nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. The efficacy of vaccine formulation in mice and toxicity assay were carried out in rats.Results. The calcium phosphate nanoparticles varying in size between 20-50 nm had entrapment efficiency of 41.5% and loading capacity of 54%. The calcium phosphate nanoparticle-Omps vaccine formulation (nanoparticle-Omps) induced a strong humoral immune response, which was significantly higher than the control group for the entire period of study. In the montanide-Omps group the initial very high immune response declined steeply and then remained steady. The immune response induced by nanoparticle-Omps did not change appreciably. The cell mediated immune response as measured by lymphocyte proliferation assay and delayed type hypersensitivity test showed a higher response (P<0.01) for the nanoparticles-Omps group as compared to montanide-Omps group. The bacterial clearance assay also showed higher clearance in the nanoparticles-Omps group as compared to montanide-Omps group (approx 1.4%). The toxicity analysis in rats showed no difference in the values of toxicity biomarkers and blood chemistry parameters, revealing vaccine formulation was non-toxic in rats.Conclusion. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as adjuvant in vaccines is safe, have good encapsulation and loading capacity and induce a strong cell mediated, humoral and protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anjani Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S P Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manish Kumar Verma
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Avadhesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meena Mrigesh
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mumtesh Kumar Saxena
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
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Li Q, Hu Y, Fei X, Du Y, Guo W, Chu D, Wang X, Wang S, Shi H. OmpC, a novel factor H-binding surface protein, is dispensable for the adherence and virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Vet Microbiol 2021; 259:109157. [PMID: 34197978 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium utilizes a series of strategies to evade host innate immune defenses, including the serum complement system. Many microbial pathogens have evolved the ability to bind the complement regulatory protein factor H (FH) through their surface factor H-binding proteins (FHBPs) to circumvent the complement-mediated bactericidal effect. However, the roles of FHBPs in Salmonella pathogenesis are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the survival of S. Typhimurium in human serum was decreased in a time and concentration dependent manner. Pre-incubation with FH attenuated the sensitivity of S. Typhimurium strain χ3761 to complement-mediated serum killing, suggesting FH binding enhance survival in serum. We aimed to identify novel S. Typhimurium FHBPs and characterize their biological functions. Here, six potential FHBPs were identified by two-dimensional (2D)-Far-western blot, and three of them were further confirmed to bind FH by Far-western blot and dot blot. We found that deletion of ompC (ΔompC) significantly inhibited the survival of S. Typhimurium strain χ3761 in human serum. Our results indicated that the ompC mutation does not affect χ3761 adhesion to HeLa cells. Furthermore, a mice infection model showed that deletion of ompC had no significant effect on the histopathological lesions or viability compared with the wild-type strain χ3761. In summary, these results suggested that OmpC is an important FHBP, but not a critical virulence factor of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yuhan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Xia Fei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yuanzhao Du
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266114, China.
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266114, China.
| | - Dianfeng Chu
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266114, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0880, USA.
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, China.
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Li Q, Ren J, Xian H, Yin C, Yuan Y, Li Y, Ji R, Chu C, Qiao Z, Jiao X. rOmpF and OMVs as efficient subunit vaccines against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infections in poultry farms. Vaccine 2020; 38:7094-7099. [PMID: 32951940 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis remains the most prevalent serotype causing human salmonellosis through the consumption of contaminated foods, especially poultry products. The development of a subunit vaccine against S. Enteritidis can not only protect chickens against Salmonella infection in the poultry industry but also cut the transmission sources. In this study, both the expressed recombinant outer membrane protein F (rOmpF) and extracted outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were developed as subunit vaccines against S. Enteritidis challenge in chickens. Immunization with the subunit vaccine could induce not only antibody production but also strong cell-mediated immune response. Both rOmpF plus QuilA adjuvant and OMVs alone had highly protective efficacy against S. Enteritidis challenge and rapidly decreased the colonization of bacteria in chicken. These findings revealed the potential application of rOmpF and OMVs as subunit vaccines in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Jingwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Honghong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Ruoyun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Chao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Zhuang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, China.
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7
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Recombinant outer membrane protein C of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida, a potential vaccine candidate for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Microb Pathog 2020; 145:104211. [PMID: 32333955 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida (ASM) is an important bacterial pathogen of salmonid fish, which can cause huge economic losses to the fish farming industry. In order to screen effective vaccine candidate proteins, four outer membrane proteins of ASM, including OmpA, OmpC, OmpK and OmpW, were selected and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. The result of western blotting showed that these four recombinant proteins could be recognized by rainbow trout anti-ASM antibodies. The immune protective effects of the four rOMPs were also investigated, and the relative percentage survival (RPS) of rOmpA, rOmpC, rOmpK and rOmpW were 71.1%, 81.6%, 55.3% and 42.1%, respectively. The RPS of rOmpC was significantly higher than the other three rOMPs, so the immune responses of rainbow trout induced by rOmpC were further investigated. The results showed that vaccination with rOmpC could significantly induced the production of specific serum antibodies and proliferation of sIg + lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR analysis showed that rOmpC could significantly enhance the expression of the MHC-II, TCR, CD4, CD8, IL-8 and IgM genes compared with the BSA immunized group. These results demonstrated that rOmpC could induce strong humoral immune response in rainbow trout and provided effective immune protection against ASM challenge, which indicated that OmpC is a promising vaccine candidate against Aeromonas salmonicida infection.
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Renu S, Markazi AD, Dhakal S, Lakshmanappa YS, Shanmugasundaram R, Selvaraj RK, Renukaradhya GJ. Oral Deliverable Mucoadhesive Chitosan- Salmonella Subunit Nanovaccine for Layer Chickens. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:761-777. [PMID: 32099364 PMCID: PMC7006855 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s238445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Salmonellosis in poultry is a serious economic burden. A major concern is the public health hazard caused by consumption of Salmonella-contaminated poultry products. Currently used Salmonella vaccines are ineffective in combating poultry Salmonellosis warranting the need of a potent vaccine, especially an oral vaccine that can elicit robust local intestinal immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Salmonella subunit chitosan nanoparticles (NPs)-based vaccine was prepared that contained immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and -flagellin (F) protein (OMPs-F-CS NPs). OMPs-F-CS NPs were administered as an oral vaccine in layer chickens and the resultant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and localization of NPs were examined using standard detection methods. RESULTS We demonstrated targeting of surface F-protein coated chitosan NPs to immune cells when delivered orally to layer chickens, the particles were localized in ileal Peyer's patches. The OMPs-F-CS NPs vaccinated layer chickens had significantly higher OMPs-specific mucosal IgA production and lymphocyte proliferation response. The candidate vaccine increased the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, IFN-γ, TGF-ß and IL-4 mRNA expression in chicken cecal tonsils. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the chitosan-based oral Salmonella nanovaccine targets immune cells of chickens and induced antigen-specific B and T cell responses. This candidate oral Salmonella nanovaccine has the potential to mitigate Salmonellosis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
| | - Ashley D Markazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA30602, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
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Prejit, Pratheesh PT, Nimisha S, Jess V, Asha K, Agarwal RK. Expression and purification of an immunogenic SUMO-OmpC fusion protein of Salmonella Typhimurium in Escherichia coli. Biologicals 2019; 62:22-26. [PMID: 31668855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is found to be a major causes of food borne diseases globally. Poultry products contaminated with this pathogen is one of the major sources of infections in humans. Outer membrane protein C (OmpC) of Salmonella Typhimurium is a promising DNA vaccine candidate to mitigate Salmonella infection in poultry. However, the large-scale production of bioactive recombinant OmpC (rOmpC) protein is hindered due to the formation of inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. The objective of this work was to attain high level expression of rOmpC protein, purify and evaluate its functional properties. The ompC gene was optimized and fused with small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) gene for high level expression as soluble protein. The fusion protein with ~58 kDa molecular weight was observed on SDS-PAGE gel. The expression levels of rOmpC fusion protein reached maximum of 38% of total soluble protein (TSP) after 8 h of 0.2% rhamnose induction. Protein purification was carried out using nickel nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) purification column. Western blot were performed to analyse expression and immunoreactivity of rOmpC fusion protein. The results indicate that SUMO fusion system is ideal for large scale production of functional rOmpC fusion protein expression in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prejit
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, CV&AS, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, India; Centre for One Health Education, Advocacy, Research and Training, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673576, India.
| | - Prakasam Thanka Pratheesh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, CV&AS, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, India
| | - Soman Nimisha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, CV&AS, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, India
| | - Vergis Jess
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, CV&AS, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, India; Centre for One Health Education, Advocacy, Research and Training, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673576, India
| | - Karthikeyan Asha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, CV&AS, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Agarwal
- National Salmonella Centre (Vet), Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, U.P, India
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Renu S, Markazi AD, Dhakal S, Lakshmanappa YS, Gourapura SR, Shanmugasundaram R, Senapati S, Narasimhan B, Selvaraj RK, Renukaradhya GJ. Surface engineered polyanhydride-based oral Salmonella subunit nanovaccine for poultry. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8195-8215. [PMID: 30555234 PMCID: PMC6280892 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s185588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Salmonellosis is a severe economic threat in poultry and a public health concern. Currently available vaccines are ineffective, and thus, developing effective oral Salmonella vaccine is warranted. Especially, a potent oral vaccine such as the mucoadhesive polyanhydride nanoparticle (PNP) protects the vaccine cargo and delivers to intestinal immune sites to elicit robust mucosal immunity and mitigate Salmonella colonization and shedding. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed a Salmonella subunit vaccine using PNP containing immunogenic Salmonella outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and flagellar (F) protein-entrapped and surface F-protein-coated PNPs (OMPs-F-PNPs) using a solvent displacement method. Using high-throughput techniques, we characterized the OMPs-F-PNPs physicochemical properties and analyzed its efficacy in layer birds vaccinated orally. RESULTS The candidate vaccine was resistant in acidic microenvironment and had ideal physicochemical properties for oral delivery in terms of particle size, charge, morphology, biocompatibility, and pH stability. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies showed that F-protein surface-anchored nanoparticles were better targeted to chicken immune cells in peripheral blood and splenocytes and intestinal Peyer's patch sites. In layer chickens inoculated orally with OMPs-F-PNPs, substantially higher OMPs-specific IgG response and secretion of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in the serum, enhanced CD8+/CD4+ cell ratio in spleen, and increased OMPs-specific lymphocyte proliferation were observed. OMPs-F-PNPs vaccination also upregulated the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4, TGF-β, and IL-4 cytokines' genes in chicken cecal tonsils (lymphoid tissues). Importantly, OMPs-F-PNPs vaccine cleared Salmonella cecal colonization in 33% of vaccinated birds. CONCLUSION This pilot in vivo study demonstrated the targeted delivery of OMPs-F-PNPs to ileum mucosal immune sites of chickens and induced specific immune response to mitigate Salmonella colonization in intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Ashley D Markazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Suren R Gourapura
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Sujata Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA,
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
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Dai X, Liu M, Pan K, Yang J. Surface display of OmpC of Salmonella serovar Pullorum on Bacillus subtilis spores. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191627. [PMID: 29370221 PMCID: PMC5785212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a major public health problem throughout the world. Thus, there is a huge need for diversified control strategies for Salmonella infections. In this work, we have assessed the potential use of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores for the expression of a major protective antigen of Salmonella serovar Pullorum, OmpC. The expression of OmpC on the surface of spores was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Mice immunized with recombinant spores expressing the OmpC antigen presented significant levels of OmpC-specific serum IgG and mucosal SIgA antibodies than in mice immunized with non-recombinant spores (p<0.01). In addition, oral immunization with recombinant spores was able to induce a significant level of protection in mice against lethal challenge with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. These results suggest that B. subtilis spores have promising potential in the development of mucosal vaccines against Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Dai
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minggang Liu
- Fujian Luodong Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Saxena A, Kumar R, Saxena MK. Vaccination with Salmonella Typhi recombinant outer membrane protein 28 induces humoral but non-protective immune response in rabbit. Vet World 2017; 10:946-949. [PMID: 28919688 PMCID: PMC5591484 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.946-949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Typhoid is one of the most important food and water borne disease causing millions of deaths over the world. Presently, there is no cost effective vaccine available in India. The outer-membrane proteins (Omps) of Salmonella have been exhibited as a potential candidate for development of subunit vaccine against typhoid. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of recombinant Omp 28 protein for immunization of rabbit to elucidate its protection against virulent Salmonella Typhi. Materials and Methods: Immune potential of recombinant Omp28 was tested in New Zealand Rabbits. Rabbits were divided into two groups, i.e., control and test group. Control group was injected with phosphate buffer saline with adjuvant while test group were injected with recombinant Omp28 along with adjuvant. Rabbits were bleed and serum was collected from each rabbit. Serum was tested by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for humoral response. Rabbits were challenged with virulent culture to test the protective immunity. Results: Humoral response was provoked at 15th day and maintained till 30th day. The mean ELISA titer at 15th day was 1 : 28000 (mean titer log 10 : 4.4472) and on the 30th day was 1 : 25866 (mean titer log 10 : 4.4127). Protective immune potential of Omp 28 was assessed by challenge studies in rabbits for which vaccinated and control rabbits were challenged with 109 cells of virulent culture of S. Typhi. In control group, out of six, no rabbit could survive after 48 days while in vaccinated group, three out of six rabbit were survived. Conclusion: Immunization of rabbit with recombinant Omp 28 induced a strong humoral response which was exhibited by high antibody titer in ELISA. Subsequently, intraperitoneal homologous challenge of the immunized New Zealand rabbit resulted in lack of significant protection. These findings indicate that Omp 28 though provoked the humoral immunity but could not provide the protective immunity in rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mumtesh Kumar Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
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Edwardsiella tarda Outer Membrane Protein C: An Immunogenic Protein Induces Highly Protective Effects in Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Edwardsiellosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071117. [PMID: 27420049 PMCID: PMC4964492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane protein C of Edwardsiella tarda is a major cell surface antigen and it was identified to be an immunogenic protein by Western blot using flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) anti-recombinant OmpC (rOmpC), and anti-E. tarda antibodies. rOmpC tested the immune protective effect against E. tarda challenge in a flounder model and produced a relative percentage of survival rate of 85%. The immune response of flounder induced by rOmpC was investigated, and the results showed that: (1) the levels of specific serum antibodies induced by rOmpC were significantly higher than the control group after the second week after immunization, and the peak level occurred at week five after immunization; (2) rOmpC could induce the proliferation of sIg+ lymphocytes, and the peak levels of sIg+ lymphocytes in blood, spleen, and pronephros occurred at 4–5 weeks after immunization; and (3) the MHCIIα, CD4-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α genes were significantly induced after being injected with rOmpC. Taken together, these results demonstrated that rOmpC could evoke highly protective effects against E. tarda challenge and induce strong innate immune response and humoral immune response of flounder, which indicated that OmpC was a promising vaccine candidate against E. tarda infection.
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Manoj J, Agarwal RK, Sailo B, Wani MA, Singh MK. Evaluation of recombinant outer membrane protein C based indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of Salmonella antibodies in poultry. Vet World 2015; 8:1006-10. [PMID: 27047189 PMCID: PMC4774754 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1006-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant outer membrane proteinC (rOmpC) based enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of salmonellosis in poultry. Materials and Methods: Three antigens were prepared, and the indirect ELISA was standardized using the antigens and the antiserum raised in chicken against Omp and rOmpC. Sera were collected from a total of 255 apparently healthy field chickens and screened for the presence of Salmonella antibodies by this ELISA. Results: The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of Omp revealed major polypeptides at 36, 42 and 52 kDa, and the rOmpC was evident by a single protein band of 43 kDa. The Omp and rOmpC antigen revealed an optimum concentration of 78 and 156 ng, respectively, in the assay, while the whole cell antigen gave an optimum reaction at a concentration of 106 organisms/ml. The test was found to be specific as it did not react with any of the antisera of seven other organisms. The developed ELISA detected Salmonella antibodies from 22 (8.62%) samples with rOmpC antigen, while 24 (9.41%) samples gave a positive reaction with both Omp and whole cell antigens. Conclusion: We suggest rOmpC based indirect ELISA as a suitable screening tool for serological monitoring of poultry flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Manoj
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh K Agarwal
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Blessa Sailo
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mudasir Ahmed Wani
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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