1
|
Beikzadeh B. Immunoinformatics design of novel multi-epitope vaccine against Trueperella Pyogenes using collagen adhesion protein, fimbriae, and pyolysin. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:90. [PMID: 38315222 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infertility, mastitis, and metritis in animals. T. pyogenes is also a zoonotic disease and is considered an economic loss agent in the livestock industry. Therefore, vaccine development is necessary. Using an immunoinformatics approach, this study aimed to construct a multi-epitope vaccine against T. pyogenes. The collagen adhesion protein, fimbriae, and pyolysin (PLO) sequences were initially retrieved. The HTL, CTL, and B cell epitopes were predicted. The vaccine was designed by binding these epitopes with linkers. To increase vaccine immunogenicity, profilin was added to the N-terminal of the vaccine construct. The antigenic features and safety of the vaccine model were investigated. Docking, molecular dynamics simulation of the vaccine with immune receptors, and immunological simulation were used to evaluate the vaccine's efficacy. The vaccine's sequence was then optimized for cloning. The vaccine construct was designed based on 18 epitopes of T. pyogenes. The computational tools validated the vaccine as non-allergenic, non-toxic, hydrophilic, and stable at different temperatures with acceptable antigenic features. The vaccine model had good affinity and stability to bovine TLR2, 4, and 5 as well as stimulation of IgM, IgG, IL-2, IFN-γ, and Th1 responses. This vaccine also increased long-lived memory cells, dendritic cells, and macrophage population. In addition, codon optimization was done and cloned in the E. coli K12 expression vector (pET-28a). For the first time, this study introduced a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate based on collagen adhesion protein, fimbriae, and PLO of T. pyogenes. It is expected this vaccine stimulates an effective immune response to prevent T. pyogenes infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Beikzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adib N, Zahmatkesh A, Esmaeilnejad-Ahranjani P, Paradise A, Abdolmohammadi Khiav L, Bagheri M, Abdoli M, Adib A. Effect of formalin percentage, incubation time and temperature on Clostridium chauvoei culture inactivation and immunogenicity. Anaerobe 2023; 83:102781. [PMID: 37660749 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to find the optimal inactivation conditions for Clostridium chauvoei culture, different factors were investigated and the immunogenicity of inactivated cultures was studied. METHODS C. chauvoei was cultured with different formalin percentages (0.3, 0.5 or 0.7% V/V), inactivation temperatures (37 °C or room temperature) and incubation times (one or two weeks). Sterility tests were performed and residual formaldehyde and pH were measured. Rabbits were immunized twice with inactivated cultures and sera were used for detection of immune response. RESULTS In the one-week experiment, 0.5 and 0.7% formalin inactivated the bacteria after one week, and the percentage of 0.3 inactivated after three weeks. The residual formaldehyde at weeks 1 and 8 was not significantly different. In the two-week experiment, cultures treated with 0.3 and 0.5% formalin were inactivated after four weeks, and those with 0.7% formalin were inactivated after three weeks. Residual formaldehyde at week 8 differed significantly from that of week 1. Residual formaldehyde was affected by incubation temperature since it was lower at 37 °C than in room temperature. Also, a significant effect was observed for formalin on pH, as higher formalin contents led to lower pH values of the cultures. ELISA showed the lowest antibody titer achieved by 0.7% formalin group. Antibody titer was not different between 0.3 and 0.5% formalin. CONCLUSIONS The best condition for inactivation of C. chauvoei was considered as one-week incubation with 0.5% formalin at 37 °C, leading to a high antibody response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Adib
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Anaerobic Bacterial Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Parvaneh Esmaeilnejad-Ahranjani
- Department of Anaerobic Bacterial Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Paradise
- Department of Anaerobic Bacterial Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Lida Abdolmohammadi Khiav
- Department of Anaerobic Bacterial Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Bagheri
- Department of Honeybee, Silk Worm and Wildlife Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdoli
- Department of Anaerobic Bacterial Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Atoosa Adib
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thakur Z, Vaid RK, Anand T, Tripathi BN. Comparative Genome Analysis of 19 Trueperella pyogenes Strains Originating from Different Animal Species Reveal a Genetically Diverse Open Pan-Genome. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010024. [PMID: 36671226 PMCID: PMC9854608 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that causes severe cases of mastitis, metritis, and pneumonia in a wide range of animals, resulting in significant economic losses. Although little is known about the virulence factors involved in the disease pathogenesis, a comprehensive comparative genome analysis of T. pyogenes genomes has not been performed till date. Hence, present investigation was carried out to characterize and compare 19 T. pyogenes genomes originating in different geographical origins including the draftgenome of the first Indian origin strain T. pyogenes Bu5. Additionally, candidate virulence determinants that could be crucial for their pathogenesis were also detected and analyzed by using various bioinformatics tools. The pan-genome calculations revealed an open pan-genome of T. pyogenes. In addition, an inventory of virulence related genes, 190 genomic islands, 31 prophage sequences, and 40 antibiotic resistance genes that could play a significant role in organism's pathogenicity were detected. The core-genome based phylogeny of T. pyogenes demonstrates a polyphyletic, host-associated group with a high degree of genomic diversity. The identified core-genome can be further used for screening of drug and vaccine targets. The investigation has provided unique insights into pan-genome, virulome, mobiliome, and resistome of T. pyogenes genomes and laid the foundation for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoozeal Thakur
- Bacteriology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Vaid
- Bacteriology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Taruna Anand
- Bacteriology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
- Division of Animal Science, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi 110001, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan B, Sun Z, Lu M, Lillehoj H, Lee Y, Liu L, Yan X, Yang DA, Li C. Immunization with Pooled Antigens for Clostridium perfringens Conferred Partial Protection against Experimental Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060979. [PMID: 35746587 PMCID: PMC9229587 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a multifactorial and important enteric infectious disease etiologically caused by pathogenic C. perfringens infection, accounting for the estimated loss of around USD 6 billion in the global poultry industry. The increasing incidence of NE was found to be associated with the voluntary reduction or withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from animal feed during recent years. Therefore, the development of effective vaccines specific to NE assumes a priority for the poultry industry. This study aimed to identify the potential C. perfringens proteins as vaccine targets for NE. Three recombinant C. perfringens proteins targeting five antigens were prepared: two chimeric proteins (alpha-toxin and NetB, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and a zinc metalloprotease (Zm)), and one single collagen adhesion protein (Cna). Their protection efficacies were evaluated with a potent challenge model of Eimeria maxima/C. perfringens dual infections using a netB+tpeL+ C. perfringens strain. Young chicks were immunized twice subcutaneously with adjuvanted C. perfringens proteins on Days 4 and 15. At six days after the second immunization, the chickens immunized with Cna, FBA, and Zm antigens, and alpha-toxin had much higher serum antibody titers than unvaccinated controls prior to the challenge. Following the challenge, the pooled antigen-immunized group demonstrated no mortality and the least lesion scores against virulent challenge. The results indicate that the immunization with multicomponent antigens, including C. perfringens housekeeping protein Cna, may confer partial protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Yuan
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (B.Y.); (Z.S.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhifeng Sun
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (B.Y.); (Z.S.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Mingmin Lu
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (B.Y.); (Z.S.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Hyun Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (B.Y.); (Z.S.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Youngsub Lee
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (B.Y.); (Z.S.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Liheng Liu
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (B.Y.); (Z.S.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Xianghe Yan
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Danchen Aaron Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Charles Li
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (B.Y.); (Z.S.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang T, Zhao K, Song X, Song T, Wang X, Zhang X, Yue B, Chu Y. Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunization with DNA Vaccine and Modified Recombinant Proteins Enhances Immune Response against Trueperella pyogenes in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060839. [PMID: 35746448 PMCID: PMC9230664 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a crucial opportunistic pathogen normally causing mastitis, abscesses and pneumonia in economically important ruminants. Although only one commercial vaccine of T. pyogenes is currently obtainable, its immunoprotective effect is limited. Pyolysin (PLO) is the most predominant virulence factor highly expressed in T. pyogenes and is an excellent target for the development of novel vaccines against T. pyogenes. In this study, we designed a heterologous prime-boost vaccination scheme combining a DNA vaccine pVAX1-PLO and a subunit vaccine His-PLO to maximize host responses in mice. Humoral and cellular immune responses and protective effects were evaluated in mice to compare the immunogenicity induced by different immunization schemes. Compared to the PBS-control group, in vivo immunization results showed that better immune responses of mice immunized with the pVAX1-PLO plasmids and His-PLO proteins were induced. The residual bacterial burdens from the liver and peritoneal fluid were remarkably decreased in the immunized mice compared with the PBS group. Notably, the heterologous prime-boost vaccination groups significantly enhanced host humoral and cellular immune responses and protected mice from different virulent T. pyogenes strains infection. Conclusively, this study provides a favorable strategy for the further development of next-generation vaccines against T. pyogenes infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China; (K.Z.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Kelei Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China; (K.Z.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuhao Song
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China;
| | - Tao Song
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China; (K.Z.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinrong Wang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China; (K.Z.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yiwen Chu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China; (K.Z.); (T.S.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Necrotic enteritis in chickens: a review of pathogenesis, immune responses and prevention, focusing on probiotics and vaccination. Anim Health Res Rev 2022; 22:147-162. [DOI: 10.1017/s146625232100013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP), is one of the most common of poultry diseases, causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of NE in chickens and of the interaction of CP with the host immune system. The roles of management, nutrition, probiotics, and vaccination in reducing the incidence and severity of NE in poultry flocks are also discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ji Y, Song L, Zhou Z, Liu X, Li F, Guo Z, Guan Y, Yang L, Feng X, Sun C, Lei L, Han W, Gu J. vB-ApyS-JF1, the First Trueperella pyogenes Phage, Shows Potential as an Alternative Treatment Strategy for Trueperella pyogenes Infections. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:736304. [PMID: 34759899 PMCID: PMC8573968 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.736304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an important opportunistic animal pathogen that causes huge economic losses to the animal husbandry industry. The emergence of bacterial resistance and the unsatisfactory effect of the vaccine have prompted investigators to explore alternative strategies for controlling T. pyogenes infection. Due to the ability of phages to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria, the use of phage therapy to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections has attracted attention. In this study, a T. pyogenes phage, vB-ApyS-JF1 (JF1), was isolated from sewage samples, and its whole genome and biological characteristics were elucidated. Moreover, the protective effect of phage JF1 on a mouse bacteremic model caused by T. pyogenes was studied. JF1 harbors a double-stranded DNA genome with a length of 90,130 bp (30.57% G + C). The genome of JF1 lacked bacterial virulence-, antibiotic resistance- and lysogenesis-related genes. Moreover, the genome sequence of JF1 exhibited low coverage (<6%) with all published phages in the NCBI database, and a phylogenetic analysis of the terminase large subunits and capsid indicated that JF1 was evolutionarily distinct from known phages. In addition, JF1 was stable over a wide range of pH values (3 to 11) and temperatures (4 to 50°C) and exhibited strong lytic activity against T. pyogenes in vitro. In murine experiments, a single intraperitoneal administration of JF1 30 min post-inoculation provided 100% protection for mice against T. pyogenes infection. Compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) treatment group, JF1 significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the bacterial load in the blood and tissues of infected mice. Meanwhile, treatment with phage JF1 relieved the pathological symptoms observed in each tissue. Furthermore, the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the blood of infected mice were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in the phage-treated group. Taken together, these results indicate that phage JF1 demonstrated great potential as an alternative therapeutic treatment against T. pyogenes infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liran Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zuoyong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhimin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ashrafi Tamai I, Mohammadzadeh A, Zahraei Salehi T, Mahmoodi P, Pakbin B. Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factor genes in Trueperella pyogenes isolated from clinical mastitis cases of dairy cows. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4529-4538. [PMID: 34401100 PMCID: PMC8358342 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing important diseases including mastitis and metritis in domestic animals such as dairy cows leading to prominent economic losses in food production industry. The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial species, antimicrobial susceptibility, and presence of virulence factor genes and genotyping of T. pyogenes isolates associated with summer mastitis cases from 22 different farms around Tehran, Iran. Fifty-five percent of dairy cows with clinical mastitis symptoms was infected by T. pyogenesis indicated that this pathogen is the most important contributor to clinical mastitis in dairy cows in the present study. A significant correlation was illustrated between presence of virulence factor genes of isolated pathogen, biochemical patterns, and the utter infected types. Multidrug resistance susceptibility observed between isolates indicated the important need for prudent use of antimicrobials in treatment of mastitis caused by T. pyogenes and increased concerning of consumer health associated with recent problems of antimicrobial resistance. The categorization of isolates was implemented into seven different clonal related types by COX-PCR at 80% of similarity cutoff with significance relationship to clonal types, CAMP test result and sampling time and biochemical profile. Regarding to the results obtained at the present study, T. pyogenes can be considered as an important typically cause of purulent and acute form of clinical bovine mastitis and loss of dairy productivity. Further studies with more sample size and high-throughput omic methods in various sampling time and areas are suggested for study of this pathogen precisely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iradj Ashrafi Tamai
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary ScienceBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
| | | | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Pezhman Mahmoodi
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary ScienceBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Babak Pakbin
- Medical Microbiology Research CenterQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Galán-Relaño Á, Gómez-Gascón L, Rodríguez-Franco A, Luque I, Huerta B, Tarradas C, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Search of Potential Vaccine Candidates against Trueperella pyogenes Infections through Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020314. [PMID: 32560444 PMCID: PMC7350218 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen, responsible for important infections in pigs and significant economic losses in swine production. To date, there are no available commercial vaccines to control diseases caused by this bacterium. In this work, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of 15 T. pyogenes clinical isolates, by “shaving” live cells, followed by LC-MS/MS, aiming at the identification of the whole set of surface proteins (i.e., the “pan-surfome”) as a source of antigens to be tested in further studies as putative vaccine candidates, or used in diagnostic tools. A total of 140 surface proteins were detected, comprising 25 cell wall proteins, 10 secreted proteins, 23 lipoproteins and 82 membrane proteins. After describing the “pan-surfome”, the identified proteins were ranked in three different groups based on the following criteria: to be (i) surface-exposed, (ii) highly conserved and (iii) widely distributed among different isolates. Two cell wall proteins, three lipoproteins, four secreted and seven membrane proteins were identified in more than 70% of the studied strains, were highly expressed and highly conserved. These proteins are potential candidates, alone or in combination, to obtain effective vaccines against T. pyogenes or to be used in the diagnosis of this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.G.-R.); (I.L.); (B.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.G.-R.); (I.L.); (B.H.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, and Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.R.-F.); (M.J.R.-O.)
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.G.-R.); (I.L.); (B.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Belén Huerta
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.G.-R.); (I.L.); (B.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Carmen Tarradas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (Á.G.-R.); (I.L.); (B.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Manuel J. Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, and Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.R.-F.); (M.J.R.-O.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Evaluation of the Potency of Two Pyolysin-Derived Recombinant Proteins as Vaccine Candidates of Trueperella Pyogenes in a Mouse Model: Pyolysin Oligomerization and Structural Change Affect the Efficacy of Pyolysin-Based Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010079. [PMID: 32050696 PMCID: PMC7157609 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an important opportunistic pathogen in livestock and wild animals. However, only one commercial T. pyogenes vaccine is currently available, and its immunoprotective effect is not ideal. Pyolysin (PLO) is one of the important virulence factors expressed by T. pyogenes and one of the targets for the development of new T. pyogenes vaccines. In this study, we constructed two recombinant antigens, tPLOA1 (contains amino acids 1–110 and domain 4 of the PLO molecule) and tPLOA2 (contains amino acids 190–296 and domain 4 of the PLO molecule). Vaccines were prepared by mixing the two recombinant antigens with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant or sheep red blood cell membrane and provided partial immune protection to immunized mice against the lethal challenge of T. pyogenes. Analysis of the PLO-specific IgG levels of immunized mice indicated that the antibody-inducing potency and immunoprotective efficacy of PLO-based vaccines are affected by the oligomerization and structural changes of PLO after binding to a cholesterol-containing membrane. In addition, the titer of anti-hemolysis antibodies is not a suitable indicator of the immunoprotective effect of these vaccines in PLO-based vaccine-immunized animals. The results provide new insights into the development of T. pyogenes vaccines.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xing J, Ji X, Sun Y, Zhu L, Jiang Q, Guo X, Liu J. Preparation and immunological characterization of an inactivated canine Clostridium perfringens type A vaccine. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:385-390. [PMID: 31529707 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is the main cause of sudden death in dogs and currently there is no vaccine to prevent it. In this study, a canine C. perfringens type A strain was used to prepare a vaccine. C. perfringens was inactivated by formaldehyde and adjuvants were added. The safety and immunological characteristics of the inactivated C. perfringens vaccine were evaluated in mice and dogs. The results showed that the C. perfringens vaccine was safe and had immunoprotective activity. The serum antibody titre of immunized mice reached up to 6·25 × 104 . Both single immunization of 4 ml and dual immunizations of 2 ml each provided good immune protection, with five of five immunized dogs surviving. This study also studied a detoxified crude α-toxin extract vaccine. The results showed that a single immunization with 0·5 ml of the detoxified crude α-toxin extract vaccine provided immune protection, with five of five immunized dogs surviving. The inactivated C. perfringens type A vaccine can be used to prevent canine C. perfringens infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Clostridium perfringens is the main cause of sudden death in dogs and currently there is no vaccine to prevent it. In this study, an inactivated canine C. perfringens vaccine and a detoxified crude α-toxin vaccine were prepared. The safety and protective effects of these vaccines were evaluated using mouse and dog models. The vaccines were shown to be safe and to provide immune protection effects that can be used to prevent canine C. perfringens infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Xing
- Institute of Military Veterinary Science, the Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Ji
- Institute of Military Veterinary Science, the Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, China
| | - Y Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary Science, the Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, China
| | - L Zhu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Science, the Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, China
| | - Q Jiang
- Jilin Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Changchun, China
| | - X Guo
- Institute of Military Veterinary Science, the Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, China
| | - J Liu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Science, the Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin M, Xiang D, Chen X, Huo H. Role of Characteristic Components of Humulus lupulus in Promoting Human Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8291-8302. [PMID: 31287692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the next 50 years, the prevention and control of chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and many cancers, will be one of the most critical challenges in human health. Plant biochemistry and phytonutrient supplements are a promising complementary therapy for the management of chronic disease. Among them, Humulus lupulus has attracted special attention throughout the world because it contains numerous dietary phytochemicals that not only contribute to the aroma and flavor of beer but may also be used for medicinal purposes, as its properties include antiseptic, (an)aphrodisiac, anticancer, antiplatelet, antibacterial, antidiuretic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, hypnotic, and stomachic properties. This review sought to identify and understand the risk factors for chronic disease with a focus on two types of phytochemicals, bitter acids and xanthohumol. The goal was to understand how their metabolites promote human health and reduce the risk of chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm , Guangzhou 510642 , China
- Mid-Florida Research & Education Center , IFAS, University of Florida , Apopka , Florida 32703 , United States
| | - Diying Xiang
- College of Horticulture , Hebei Agricultural University , Hebei 071066 , China
- Mid-Florida Research & Education Center , IFAS, University of Florida , Apopka , Florida 32703 , United States
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research & Education Center , IFAS, University of Florida , Apopka , Florida 32703 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pathogenicity and Virulence of Trueperella pyogenes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112737. [PMID: 31167367 PMCID: PMC6600626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria from the species Trueperella pyogenes are a part of the biota of skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urogenital tracts of animals, but also, opportunistic pathogens. T. pyogenes causes a variety of purulent infections, such as metritis, mastitis, pneumonia, and abscesses, which, in livestock breeding, generate significant economic losses. Although this species has been known for a long time, many questions concerning the mechanisms of infection pathogenesis, as well as reservoirs and routes of transmission of bacteria, remain poorly understood. Pyolysin is a major known virulence factor of T. pyogenes that belongs to the family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. Its cytolytic activity is associated with transmembrane pore formation. Other putative virulence factors, including neuraminidases, extracellular matrix-binding proteins, fimbriae, and biofilm formation ability, contribute to the adhesion and colonization of the host tissues. However, data about the pathogen–host interactions that may be involved in the development of T. pyogenes infection are still limited. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge about the pathogenic potential and virulence of T. pyogenes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Antimicrobial resistance and presence of virulence factor genes in Trueperella pyogenes isolated from pig lungs with pneumonia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2099-2103. [PMID: 31104226 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a worldwide known pathogen of domestic ruminants and pigs causing a wide variety of infections. The objective of this study was to report the presence of major virulence genes in T. pyogenes isolated from pigs with respiratory clinical signs and determine their resistance to antibiotics at the same time. A total of 27 T. pyogenes strains were obtained from Jilin Province, and the nanH, nanP, cbpA, fimC, and fimE virulence genes were detected in 7 (25.9%), 14 (51.9%), 18 (66.7%), 8 (29.6%), and 16 (59.3%) isolates, respectively. All isolates were observed to harbor plo and fimA genes. However, 27 T. pyogenes strains tested negative for fimG gene. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that the isolated strains had extensive drug resistance, all isolates were sensitive to fluoroquinolones and penicillins antibiotics, and high levels of resistance were found to gentamicin (77.8%), amikacin (74.1%), erythromycin (85.2%), and azithromycin (85.2%). These results highlights the need for prudent use of specific antimicrobial agents in veterinary clinical treatment.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu M, Wang B, Liang H, Ma B, Wang J, Zhang W. Determination of the expression of three fimbrial subunit proteins in cultured Trueperella pyogenes. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:53. [PMID: 30208923 PMCID: PMC6134790 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trueperella pyogenes is a commensal and a significant opportunistic pathogen in animals. A variety of identified or putative virulence factors are considered to significantly contribute to the occurrence of T. pyogenes infection in different species. However, these virulence factors are not fully understood. Results In the current study, the genes encoding putative fimbrial proteins, i.e. Fim A, Fim C, and Fim E, were cloned. Recombinant Fim A (rFim A), Fim C (rFim C), and Fim E (rFim E) were prepared and used to generate rabbit anti-rFim A, anti-rFim C, and anti-rFim E serum, respectively. Using these sera, we found that only Fim E was constitutively expressed in T. pyogenes. The expression level of Fim E in T. pyogenes peaked within 6–10 h of culture period in pH 7.5. Fim E protein expression was unaffected by anaerobic condition, but was inhibited by the microaerophilic condition. Tube agglutination tests indicated that Fim E was exhibited on the surface of T. pyogenes cells because anti-rFim E serum caused strong agglutination. Additionally, the blots for Fim A detection showed nonspecific reactions. Furthermore, the tube agglutination tests showed that anti-Fim A serum failed to cause agglutination of T. pyogenes cells, which indicated that Fim A was not, or poorly, expressed in cultured T. pyogenes. Anti-rFim C serum caused strong agglutination. However, the blots for Fim C detection showed a strong nonspecific reaction. Thus, the expression of Fim C was difficult to be determined using the current method. Conclusions Fim E was expressed in cultured T. pyogenes. However, Fim A was either not or poorly expressed in cultured T. pyogenes. Moreover, Fim C expression was not determined using the current strategy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13028-018-0407-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Ma B, Xu L, Wang J, Zhang W. Identification of B-cell linear epitopes in domains 1-3 of pyolysin of Trueperella pyogenes using polyclonal antibodies. Vet Microbiol 2017; 210:24-31. [PMID: 29103692 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an important opportunistic pathogen. Pyolysin (PLO) makes important contributions to the pathogenicity of T. pyogenes. However, the structure and function of PLO has not been well documented. In the current study, epitopes in domain 1-3 of PLO have been mapped using rabbit anti-recombinant PLO (rPLO) polyclonal antibodies, and then the results were re-checked by using mouse and chicken anti-rPLO polyclonal antibodies, respectively. The results indicated that the region of aa 281-393 in PLO could not elicit antibodies against linear epitopes. A total of six B cell linear epitopes have been found in domain 1 of PLO. Two of the six epitopes (EP1 and EP2) were used to immunize mice and chicken. Chicken anti-EP1 and anti-EP2 serum and mouse anti-EP2 serum could react with rPLO and corresponding epitope polypeptide in western blot assay; however, only mouse anti-EP2 serum shows weak anti-hemolysis effect in the rPLO and sheep red blood system. Our results provide some new information to the research field of PLO structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, PR China
| | - Haili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, PR China
| | - Bo Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, PR China.
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|