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Tabares Vélez S, Preciado LM, Vargas Muñoz LJ, Madrid Bracamonte CA, Zuluaga A, Gómez Robles J, Renjifo-Ibañez C, Estrada-Gómez S. Standard Quality Characteristics and Efficacy of a New Third-Generation Antivenom Developed in Colombia Covering Micrurus spp. Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:183. [PMID: 38668608 PMCID: PMC11054757 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In Colombia, Micrurus snakebites are classified as severe according to the national clinical care guidelines and must be treated with specific antivenoms. Unfortunately, these types of antivenoms are scarce in certain areas of the country and are currently reported as an unavailable vital medicine. To address this issue, La Universidad de Antioquia, through its spin-off Tech Life Saving, is leading a project to develop third-generation polyvalent freeze-dried antivenom. The goal is to ensure access to this therapy, especially in rural and dispersed areas. This project aims to evaluate the physicochemical and preclinical parameters (standard quality characteristics) of a lab-scale anti-elapid antivenom batch. The antivenom is challenged against the venoms of several Micrurus species, including M. mipartitus, M. dumerilii, M. ancoralis, M. dissoleucus, M. lemniscatus, M. medemi, M. spixii, M. surinamensis, and M. isozonus, following the standard quality characteristics set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The antivenom demonstrates an appearance consistent with standards, 100% solubility within 4 min and 25 s, an extractable volume of 10.39 mL, a pH of 6.04, an albumin concentration of 0.377 mg/mL (equivalent to 1.22% of total protein), and a protein concentration of 30.97 mg/mL. Importantly, it maintains full integrity of its F(ab')2 fragments and exhibits purity over 98.5%. Furthermore, in mice toxicity evaluations, doses up to 15 mg/mouse show no toxic effects. The antivenom also demonstrates a significant recognition pattern against Micrurus venoms rich in phospholipase A2 (PLA2) content, as observed in M. dumerilii, M. dissoleucus, and M. isozonus. The effective dose 50 (ED50) indicates that a single vial (10 mL) can neutralize 2.33 mg of M. mipartitus venom and 3.99 mg of M. dumerilii venom. This new anti-elapid third-generation polyvalent and freeze-dried antivenom meets the physicochemical parameters set by the WHO and the regulators in Colombia. It demonstrates significant efficacy in neutralizing the venom of the most epidemiologically important Micrurus species in Colombia. Additionally, it recognizes seven other species of Micrurus venom with a higher affinity for venoms exhibiting PLA2 toxins. Fulfilling these parameters represents the first step toward proposing a new pharmacological alternative for treating snakebites in Colombia, particularly in dispersed rural areas, given that this antivenom is formulated as a freeze-dried product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Tabares Vélez
- Grupo de Toxinología y Alternativas Terapéuticas—Serpentario, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellin 050010, Colombia; (S.T.V.); (L.M.P.); (J.G.R.)
- Tech Life Saving (TLS), Tech Innovation Group Company, Medellin 050022, Colombia; (L.J.V.M.); (C.A.M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Lina María Preciado
- Grupo de Toxinología y Alternativas Terapéuticas—Serpentario, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellin 050010, Colombia; (S.T.V.); (L.M.P.); (J.G.R.)
| | - Leidy Johana Vargas Muñoz
- Tech Life Saving (TLS), Tech Innovation Group Company, Medellin 050022, Colombia; (L.J.V.M.); (C.A.M.B.); (A.Z.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 050012, Colombia
| | | | - Angelica Zuluaga
- Tech Life Saving (TLS), Tech Innovation Group Company, Medellin 050022, Colombia; (L.J.V.M.); (C.A.M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Jeisson Gómez Robles
- Grupo de Toxinología y Alternativas Terapéuticas—Serpentario, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellin 050010, Colombia; (S.T.V.); (L.M.P.); (J.G.R.)
| | - Camila Renjifo-Ibañez
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria—AGROSAVIA, Bogota 250047, Colombia;
| | - Sebastián Estrada-Gómez
- Grupo de Toxinología y Alternativas Terapéuticas—Serpentario, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellin 050010, Colombia; (S.T.V.); (L.M.P.); (J.G.R.)
- Tech Life Saving (TLS), Tech Innovation Group Company, Medellin 050022, Colombia; (L.J.V.M.); (C.A.M.B.); (A.Z.)
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Uko SO, Malami I, Ibrahim KG, Lawal N, Bello MB, Abubakar MB, Imam MU. Revolutionizing snakebite care with novel antivenoms: Breakthroughs and barriers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25531. [PMID: 38333815 PMCID: PMC10850593 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a global public health concern, primarily due to the lack of effective antivenom for treating snakebites inflicted by medically significant venomous snakes prevalent across various geographic locations. The rising demand for safe, cost-effective, and potent snakebite treatments highlights the urgent need to develop alternative therapeutics targeting relevant toxins. This development could provide promising discoveries to create novel recombinant solutions, leveraging human monoclonal antibodies, synthetic peptides and nanobodies. Such technologies as recombinant DNA, peptide and epitope mapping phage display etc) have the potential to exceed the traditional use of equine polyclonal antibodies, which have long been used in antivenom production. Recombinant antivenom can be engineered to target certain toxins that play a critical role in snakebite pathology. This approach has the potential to produce antivenom with improved efficacy and safety profiles. However, there are limitations and challenges associated with these emerging technologies. Therefore, identifying the limitations is critical for overcoming the associated challenges and optimizing the development of recombinant antivenoms. This review is aimed at presenting a thorough overview of diverse technologies used in the development of recombinant antivenom, emphasizing their limitations and offering insights into prospects for advancing recombinant antivenoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Odo Uko
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciecnes, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, P. O. Box 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
| | - Nafiu Lawal
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Vaccine Development Unit, Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
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Blanch NB, Cascone O, Fingermann M. Selective immunoglobulin aggregates removal in antivenoms by a simple chromatographic step based on a monolithic stationary phase. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123978. [PMID: 38142501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Antivenom therapy is a critical intervention for treating the more than 5.000.000 envenomation accidents that occur each year around the world. These immunotherapeutic drugs are mostly produced following techniques developed more than fifty years ago with minor changes. Aggregate content has been described as one of the main causes of early adverse effects after intravenous administration of antivenoms. In this work we propose the introduction of a final polishing step to traditional antivenom manufacturing processes aimed at lowering the aggregate content in the final product. The refinement step proposed in this work is based on the selective capture of immunoglobulin aggregates by a cation exchange monolithic stationary phase. We show that this media can effectively remove aggregates in the final product under isotonic ion-strength and mildly acidic conditions following a negative chromatography strategy, thus making it a useful technique for producing higher quality products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Berardo Blanch
- Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", CABA, Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, (1282), Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Cascone
- Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", CABA, Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, (1282), Argentina; Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), CONICET-UBA, CABA (1113) Junín 956, Argentina
| | - Matías Fingermann
- Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", CABA, Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, (1282), Argentina.
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A simple and economic three-step process for producing highly purified Fab’ fragments directly from the egg yolk water-soluble fraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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da Costa CBP, Carvalho VRD, Ferreira LLC, Mattos JLC, Garcia LDM, Antunes MDS, Martins FJ, Ratcliffe NA, Cisne R, Castro HC. Production of hyperimmune sera: a study of digestion and fractionation methodologies for the purification process of heterologous immunoglobulins. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2124421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Braz Pereira da Costa
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francislene Juliana Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Norman A. Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rafael Cisne
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Helena C. Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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