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Synthetic selenium nanoparticles as co-adjuvant improved immune responses against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:16. [PMID: 36401129 PMCID: PMC9676803 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections worldwide, which is resistant to many antibiotics, resulting in significant mortality in societies. Vaccination is a well-known approach to preventing disease. Autolysin, a surface-associated protein in S. aureus with multiple functions, is a suitable candidate for vaccine development. As a co-adjuvant, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) can increase the immune system, presumably resulting in increased vaccine efficacy. The present study evaluated the immunogenicity and defense of recombinant autolysin formulated in SeNPs and Alum adjuvants against MRSA. r-Autolysin was expressed and purified by the Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. SeNPs were synthetically obtained from sodium dioxide, followed by an assessment of shape and size using SEM and DLS. Balb/c mice were injected subcutaneously with 20 mg of r-autolysin formulated in Alum and SeNps adjuvants three times with the proper control group in 2 weeks intervals. Cytokine profile and isotyping ELISA were conducted to determine the type of induced immunity. Opsonophagocytosis tests assessed the functional activity of the vaccine, and the bacterial burden from the infected tissues was determined. Results showed that mice receiving SeNps and r-Autolysin had higher levels of total IgG and isotypes (IgG1 and IgG2a) and increased cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-4) as compared with those only receiving autolysin and PBS as a control. More importantly, mice immunized with SeNps and r-Autolysin exhibited a decrease in mortality and bacterial burden compared to the control group. We concluded that SeNps could stimulate immune responses and can be used as an adjuvant element in vaccine formulation.
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Zeng Q, Wang ZJ, Chen S, Wang H, Xie TZ, Xu XJ, Xiang ML, Chen YC, Luo XD. Phytochemical and anti-MRSA constituents of Zanthoxylum nitidum. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112758. [PMID: 35240520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, pose a significant threat to humanity. Persistent and repeated invasive infection with MRSA led to higher morbidity and mortality, and required comprehensive measures in treatment and prevention. Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. is used as detoxifying, analgesic, and hemostatic herbal medicine for thousands of years. Previously pharmacological studies showed that Z. nitidum had antibacterial bioactivity, but only the MIC of a few compounds, crude extracts, and fractions were reported. In our ongoing endeavor to explore bioactive compounds, two new coumarins, 6-(3-oxo-butyl)-limettin (1) and toddalin I (2), and 24 known compounds were isolated from the roots of Z. nitidum, in which two isoquinoline alkaloids, 6-acetonyl-dihydrofagaridine (16) and 6-acetonyl-dihydrochelerythrine (17) showed anti-MRSA bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. Both 16 and 17 showed synergistic action with ampicillin, which decreased the MIC significantly, and both compounds had a significant ability to destroy bacterial biofilm combined with ampicillin. The combined administration showed a strong scavenging effect on the planktonic bacteria in vitro and cleared skin infection effectively in the model of wound infection in vivo. Furthermore, compound 16 inhibited the efflux of the drug by combining with ampicillin or EtBr, resulting in the MIC decreased obviously. Our investigation supported the traditional use of Z. nitidum in treating infections caused by bacteria, and might provide new natural products to reduce the use of antibiotics and the treatment of drug-resistance bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
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