1
|
Hayashi K, Kishida R, Tsuchiya A, Ishikawa K. Effects of Space Dimensionality within Scaffold for Bone Regeneration with Large and Oriented Blood Vessels. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7518. [PMID: 38138660 PMCID: PMC10744811 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The internal structure of the scaffolds is a key factor for bone regeneration. In this study, we focused on the space dimensionality within the scaffold that may control cell migration and evaluated the effects on the size and orientation of blood vessels and the amount of bone formation in the scaffold. The carbonate apatite scaffolds with intrascaffold space allowing one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), or three-dimensional (3D) cell migration were fabricated by 3D printing. These scaffolds had the same space size, i.e., distances between the struts (~300 µm). The scaffolds were implanted into the medial condyle of rabbit femurs for four weeks. Both the size and orientation degree of the blood vessels formed in the scaffolds allowing 1D cell migration were 2.5- to 4.0-fold greater than those of the blood vessels formed in the scaffolds allowing 2D and 3D cell migration. Furthermore, the amount of bone formed in the scaffolds allowing 1D cell migration was 1.4-fold larger than that formed in the scaffolds allowing 2D and 3D cell migration. These are probably because the 1D space limited the direction of cell migration and prevented the branching of blood vessels, whereas 2D and 3D spaces provided the opportunity for random cell migration and blood vessel branching. Thus, scaffolds with 1D space are advantageous for inducing large and oriented blood vessels, resulting in a larger amount of bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (R.K.); (A.T.); (K.I.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan T, Song D, Hu S, Li X, Li M, Wang L, Feng H. Structure and Properties of Bioactive Glass-Modified Calcium Phosphate/Calcium Sulfate Biphasic Porous Self-Curing Bone Repair Materials and Preliminary Research on Their Osteogenic Effect. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15227898. [PMID: 36431384 PMCID: PMC9699338 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, calcium phosphate (CP)/calcium sulfate biphasic bone repair materials were modified with bioactive-glass (BG) to construct a self-curing bone repair material. Tetracalcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) with different BG ratios and phosphate solution were reacted to prepare a porous self-curing bone repair material (CP/CSH/BG). The solidification time was about 12 min, and the material was morphologically stable in 24 h. The porosity was about 50%, with a pore size around 200 μm. The strength of CP/CSH/BG was approaching trabecular bone, and could be gradually degraded in Tris-HCl solution. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the leaching solution of the materials. Cytotoxicity was detected using Cell Counting Kit 8 assays, and the expression of osteogenesis-related biomarkers was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that all BG groups had increased ALP and ARS staining, implying that the BG groups could promote osteoblast mineralization in vitro. qRT-PCR showed significant upregulation of bone-related gene expression (Osx, Ocn, Runx2, and Col1) in the 20% BG group (p < 0.05). Therefore, the CP/CSH/BG self-curing bone repair materials can promote osteogenesis, and might be applied for bone regeneration, especially for polymorphic bone defect repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Danyang Song
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Suning Hu
- Dental Clinic, Peking University International Hospital, Life Garden Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Beijing Naton Medical Institute Co., Ltd., Building 1, Yard 9, Chengwan Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Mei Li
- Beijing Naton Medical Institute Co., Ltd., Building 1, Yard 9, Chengwan Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hailan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4)-Based Bioceramics: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. COATINGS 2022; 12:1380. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Various types of materials have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A short time later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. Bioceramics can be prepared from diverse inorganic substances, but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-based formulations only, due to its chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 50 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the CaPO4-based implants would remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they would be resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed, and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now, CaPO4-based scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are usually porous and harbor various biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of CaPO4-based bioceramics include artificial bone grafts, bone augmentations, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, and periodontal disease repairs, as well as bone fillers after tumor surgery. Prospective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because CaPO4 appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides, and various types of cells.
Collapse
|
4
|
Camman M, Joanne P, Agbulut O, Hélary C. 3D models of dilated cardiomyopathy: Shaping the chemical, physical and topographical properties of biomaterials to mimic the cardiac extracellular matrix. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:275-291. [PMID: 34466733 PMCID: PMC8379361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), one major cause of heart failure, is characterized by the dilation of the heart but remains poorly understood because of the lack of adequate in vitro models. Current 2D models do not allow for the 3D organotypic organization of cardiomyocytes and do not reproduce the ECM perturbations. In this review, the different strategies to mimic the chemical, physical and topographical properties of the cardiac tissue affected by DCM are presented. The advantages and drawbacks of techniques generating anisotropy required for the cardiomyocytes alignment are discussed. In addition, the different methods creating macroporosity and favoring organotypic organization are compared. Besides, the advances in the induced pluripotent stem cells technology to generate cardiac cells from healthy or DCM patients will be described. Thanks to the biomaterial design, some features of the DCM extracellular matrix such as stiffness, porosity, topography or chemical changes can impact the cardiomyocytes function in vitro and increase their maturation. By mimicking the affected heart, both at the cellular and at the tissue level, 3D models will enable a better understanding of the pathology and favor the discovery of novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Camman
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu (case 174), F-75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 7 quai St-Bernard (case 256), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Joanne
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 7 quai St-Bernard (case 256), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 7 quai St-Bernard (case 256), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hélary
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu (case 174), F-75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dorozhkin SV. Synthetic amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs): preparation, structure, properties, and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7748-7798. [PMID: 34755730 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs) represent a metastable amorphous state of other calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) possessing variable compositional but rather identical glass-like physical properties, in which there are neither translational nor orientational long-range orders of the atomic positions. In nature, ACPs of a biological origin are found in the calcified tissues of mammals, some parts of primitive organisms, as well as in the mammalian milk. Manmade ACPs can be synthesized in a laboratory by various methods including wet-chemical precipitation, in which they are the first solid phases, precipitated after a rapid mixing of aqueous solutions containing dissolved ions of Ca2+ and PO43- in sufficient amounts. Due to the amorphous nature, all types of synthetic ACPs appear to be thermodynamically unstable and, unless stored in dry conditions or doped by stabilizers, they tend to transform spontaneously to crystalline CaPO4, mainly to ones with an apatitic structure. This intrinsic metastability of the ACPs is of a great biological relevance. In particular, the initiating role that metastable ACPs play in matrix vesicle biomineralization raises their importance from a mere laboratory curiosity to that of a reasonable key intermediate in skeletal calcifications. In addition, synthetic ACPs appear to be very promising biomaterials both for manufacturing artificial bone grafts and for dental applications. In this review, the current knowledge on the occurrence, structural design, chemical composition, preparation, properties, and biomedical applications of the synthetic ACPs have been summarized.
Collapse
|
6
|
Feroz S, Dias G. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold fabrication, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regeneration. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08294. [PMID: 34765797 PMCID: PMC8571510 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wool derived keratin has garnered significant advancements in the field of biomaterials for hard tissue regeneration. The main limitation of keratin-based biomaterials for bone tissue engineering is their fragile nature. This paper proposes the development of a novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin scaffold, containing hydroxyapatite as a major inorganic component by freeze drying technique for alveolar bone regeneration. The prepared keratin/hydroxyapatite/HPMC (K/HA/HPMC) scaffold was characterized to study its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray diffractometric (XRD) analysis. The SEM images of the scaffolds showed highly porous interconnected architecture with average pore size of 108.36 ± 22.56 while microcomputed tomographic analysis measured total porosity as 79.65 %±. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDX) analysis confirmed that inorganic component of scaffold was mainly composed of calcium and phosphorous ions having Ca/P molar ration of 1.6. The maximum compressive strength was found to be in the range of 0.841 ± 0.37 MPa. Furthermore, the K/HA/HPMC scaffold was structurally stable and weight loss of about 26% was observed when soaked in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) for 28 days. In vitro biocompatibility testing showed that K/HA/HPMC scaffold was cytocompatible and supported the attachment, proliferation of osteoblast (Saos-2) cells. Thus, the development of a non-toxic chemical cross-linking system with HPMC was investigated to fabricate K/HA/HPMC scaffold and our results showed great potential of these scaffolds to regenerate alveolar bone due to their structural similarity and excellent in vitro biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandleen Feroz
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - George Dias
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rial R, González-Durruthy M, Liu Z, Ruso JM. Advanced Materials Based on Nanosized Hydroxyapatite. Molecules 2021; 26:3190. [PMID: 34073479 PMCID: PMC8198166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new materials based on hydroxyapatite has undergone a great evolution in recent decades due to technological advances and development of computational techniques. The focus of this review is the various attempts to improve new hydroxyapatite-based materials. First, we comment on the most used processing routes, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. We will now focus on other routes, less common due to their specificity and/or recent development. We also include a block dedicated to the impact of computational techniques in the development of these new systems, including: QSAR, DFT, Finite Elements of Machine Learning. In the following part we focus on the most innovative applications of these materials, ranging from medicine to new disciplines such as catalysis, environment, filtration, or energy. The review concludes with an outlook for possible new research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rial
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.R.); (M.G.-D.)
| | - Michael González-Durruthy
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.R.); (M.G.-D.)
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA;
| | - Juan M. Ruso
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.R.); (M.G.-D.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Synthesis of organic derived hydroxyapatite scaffold from pig bone waste for tissue engineering applications. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Gao C, Peng S, Feng P, Shuai C. Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells. Bone Res 2017; 5:17059. [PMID: 29285402 PMCID: PMC5738879 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing bone biomaterials with a focus on the following issues: (1) developing ideal biomaterials with a combination of suitable biological and mechanical properties; (2) constructing a cell microenvironment with pores ranging in size from nanoscale to submicro- and microscale; and (3) inducing the oriented differentiation of stem cells for artificial-to-biological transformation. Here we present a comprehensive review of the state of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells. Typical bone biomaterials that have been developed, including bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, and biodegradable metals, are reviewed, with an emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The necessary porous structure of bone biomaterials for the cell microenvironment is discussed, along with the corresponding fabrication methods. Additionally, the promising seed stem cells for bone repair are summarized, and their interaction mechanisms with bone biomaterials are discussed in detail. Special attention has been paid to the signaling pathways involved in the focal adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on bone biomaterials. Finally, achievements regarding bone biomaterials are summarized, and future research directions are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ishikawa K, Putri TS, Tsuchiya A, Tanaka K, Tsuru K. Fabrication of interconnected porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) based on a setting reaction of β-TCP granules with HNO3
followed by heat treatment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:797-804. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi; Fukuoka Higashi-ku 812-8582 Japan
| | - Tansza Setiana Putri
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi; Fukuoka Higashi-ku 812-8582 Japan
| | - Akira Tsuchiya
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi; Fukuoka Higashi-ku 812-8582 Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi; Fukuoka Higashi-ku 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi; Fukuoka Higashi-ku 812-8582 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Diez-Escudero A, Espanol M, Beats S, Ginebra MP. In vitro degradation of calcium phosphates: Effect of multiscale porosity, textural properties and composition. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:81-92. [PMID: 28739544 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of calcium phosphates to be replaced by bone is tightly linked to their resorbability. However, the relative importance of some textural parameters on their degradation behavior is still unclear. The present study aims to quantify the effect of composition, specific surface area (SSA), and porosity at various length scales (nano-, micro- and macroporosity) on the in vitro degradation of different calcium phosphates. Degradation studies were performed in an acidic medium to mimic the osteoclastic environment. Small degradations were found in samples with interconnected nano- and micropores with sizes below 3µm although they were highly porous (35-65%), with maximum weight loss of 8wt%. Biomimetic calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, with high SSA and low crystallinity, presented the highest degradation rates exceeding even the more soluble β-TCP. A dependence of degradation on SSA was indisputable when porosity and pore sizes were increased. The introduction of additional macroporosity with pore interconnections above 20µm significantly impacted degradation, more markedly in the substrates with high SSA (>15m2/g), whereas in sintered substrates with low SSA (<1m2/g) it resulted just in a linear increase of degradation. Up to 30 % of degradation was registered in biomimetic substrates, compared to 15 % in β-TCP or 8 % in sintered hydroxyapatite. The incorporation of carbonate in calcium deficient hydroxyapatite did not increase its degradation rate. Overall, the study highlights the importance of textural properties, which can modulate or even outweigh the effect of other features such as the solubility of the compounds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The physicochemical features of calcium phosphates are crucial to tune biological events like resorption during bone remodeling. Understanding in vitro resorption can help to predict the in vivo behavior. Besides chemical composition, other parameters such as porosity and specific surface area have a strong influence on resorption. The complexity of isolating the contribution of each parameter lies in the close interrelation between them. In this work, a multiscale study was proposed to discern the extent to which each parameter influences degradation in a variety of calcium phosphates, using an acidic medium to resemble the osteoclastic environment. The results emphasize the importance of textural properties, which can modulate or even outweigh the effect of the intrinsic solubility of the compounds.
Collapse
|
12
|
Schardosim M, Soulié J, Poquillon D, Cazalbou S, Duployer B, Tenailleau C, Rey C, Hübler R, Combes C. Freeze-casting for PLGA/carbonated apatite composite scaffolds: Structure and properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:731-738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
13
|
Eilbagi M, Emadi R, Raeissi K, Kharaziha M, Valiani A. Mechanical and cytotoxicity evaluation of nanostructured hydroxyapatite-bredigite scaffolds for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:603-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Formation mechanism of nano-hardystonite powder prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
The synthesis, characterisation and in vivo study of a bioceramic for potential tissue regeneration applications. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6235. [PMID: 25168046 PMCID: PMC4148651 DOI: 10.1038/srep06235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a biocompatible ceramic that is currently used in a number of current biomedical applications. Recently, nanometre scale forms of HAP have attracted considerable interest due to their close similarity to the inorganic mineral component of the bone matrix found in humans. In this study ultrafine nanometre scale HAP powders were prepared via a wet precipitation method under the influence of ultrasonic irradiation. The resulting powders were compacted and sintered to form a series of ceramic pellets with a sponge-like structure with varying density and porosity. The crystalline structure, size and morphology of the powders and the porous ceramic pellets were investigated using advanced characterization techniques. The pellets demonstrated good biocompatibility, including mixed cell colonisation and matrix deposition, in vivo following surgical implantation into sheep M. latissimus dorsi.
Collapse
|
18
|
Effect of thickness of HA-coating on microporous silk scaffolds using alternate soaking technology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:637821. [PMID: 25093176 PMCID: PMC4100396 DOI: 10.1155/2014/637821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) can be coated on various materials surface and has the function of osteogenicity. Microporous silk scaffold has excellent biocompatibility. In this study, alternate soaking technology was used to coat HA on microporous silk scaffolds. However, the cell proliferation was found to decrease with the increasing thickness (cycles of soaking) of HA-coating. This study aims to determine the best thickness (cycles of soaking) of HA-coating on microporous silk scaffolds. The SEM observation showed that group with one cycle of alternate soaking (1C-HA) has the most optimal porosity like non-HA-modified microporous silk scaffolds. The proliferation of osteoblasts has no significant difference between noncoated HA (N-HA) and 1C-HA groups, which are both significantly higher than those in two cycles of soaking (2C-HA) and three cycles of soaking (3C-HA) groups. The transcription levels of specific genes (runx2 and osteonectin) in osteoblasts of 1C-HA group were significantly higher than those of N-HA group. Moreover, the levels showed no significant difference among 1C-HA, 2C-HA, and 3C-HA groups. In conclusion, microporous silk scaffold with 1 cycle of HA-coating can combine the biocompatibility of silk and osteogenicity of HA.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Hydroxapatite (HA) is a stable phase with low dissolution rate in body fluid. Meanwhile, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is rather soluble but the dissolution rate is too fast for bone bonding. Therefore a mixture of both is desirable to control the bioresorbability. In this work, calcium phosphate powder has been synthesized via sol gel and wet precipitation method to compare phase behaviour of these powders upon calcination. XRD result clearly revealed that both as-synthesized powders were pure HA with good purity. The decomposition of HA to TCP took place in the range of 700-800 °C and 800-900 °C for sol gel and wet chemical precipitation powder, respectively. The weight loss detected at 700-850°C in TGA analysis confirmed the presence of this biphasic mixtures.From FTIR analysis, profound change in OH-band intensity was attributed to the increased in HA crystallinity with calcination temperature.
Collapse
|
20
|
Su Z, Li J, Ouyang Z, Arras MML, Wei G, Jandt KD. Biomimetic 3D hydroxyapatite architectures with interconnected pores based on electrospun biaxially orientated PCL nanofibers. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
21
|
Lindner M, Bergmann C, Telle R, Fischer H. Calcium phosphate scaffolds mimicking the gradient architecture of native long bones. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3677-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lindner
- Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; Germany
| | - Christian Bergmann
- Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; Germany
| | - Rainer Telle
- Institute for Mineral Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:3840-3942. [PMID: 28788309 PMCID: PMC5452669 DOI: 10.3390/ma6093840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various types of grafts have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A bit later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. In principle, bioceramics can be prepared from diverse materials but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate-based formulations only, which possess the specific advantages due to the chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 40 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the calcium orthophosphate-based implants remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now calcium orthophosphate scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous and harbor different biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include bone augmentations, artificial bone grafts, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, periodontal disease repairs and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Perspective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because calcium orthophosphates appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and various types of cells.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fu YC, Chen CH, Wang CZ, Wang YH, Chang JK, Wang GJ, Ho ML, Wang CK. Preparation of porous bioceramics using reverse thermo-responsive hydrogels in combination with rhBMP-2 carriers: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 27:64-76. [PMID: 23880039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Porous biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) were fabricated using reverse thermo-responsive hydrogels with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium (β-TCP) powder and planetary centrifugal mixer. This hydrogel mixture slurry will shrink and compress the HAp powder during the sintering process. The porous bioceramics are expected to have good mechanical properties after sintering at 1200°C. Reverse thermo-responsive hydrogels of poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(methacrylic acid)] p(NiPAAm-MAA) were synthesized by free-radical cross-linking copolymerization, and their chemical properties were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the hydrogel was determined using turbidity measurements. A thermogravimetric analysis was used to examine the thermal properties. The porous bioceramic properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, bulk density, compressive strength testing and cytotoxicity. The compressive strength and average porosity of the porous bioceramics were examined at approximately 6.8MPa and 66% under 10wt% p(NiPAAm-MAA)=99:1 condition. The ratio of HAp/β-TCP can adjust two different compositional behaviors during the 1200°C sintering process without resulting in cell toxicity. The (rhBMP-2)-HAp-PLGA carriers were fabricated as in our previous study of the double emulsion and drop-coating technique. Results of animal study included histological micrographs of the 1-mm defect in the femurs, with the rhBMP-2 carrier group, the bioceramic spacer group and the bioceramic spacer with rhBMP-2 carriers group showing better callus formation around the femur defect site than the control group. The optimal dual effects of the bone growth factors from osteoconductive bioceramics and osteoinductive rhBMP-2 carriers produced better bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chih Fu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Li H, Wijekoon A, Leipzig ND. 3D differentiation of neural stem cells in macroporous photopolymerizable hydrogel scaffolds. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48824. [PMID: 23144988 PMCID: PMC3492243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are the stem cell of the adult central nervous system (CNS). These cells are able to differentiate into the major cell types found in the CNS (neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes), thus NSPCs are the mechanism by which the adult CNS could potentially regenerate after injury or disorder. Microenviromental factors are critical for guiding NSPC differentiation and are thus important for neural tissue engineering. In this study, D-mannitol crystals were mixed with photocrosslinkable methacrylamide chitosan (MAC) as a porogen to enhance pore size during hydrogel formation. D-mannitol was admixed to MAC at 5, 10 and 20 wt% D-mannitol per total initial hydrogel weight. D-mannitol crystals were observed to dissolve and leave the scaffold within 1 hr. Quantification of resulting average pore sizes showed that D-mannitol addition resulted in larger average pore size (5 wt%, 4060±160 µm(2), 10 wt%, 6330±1160 µm(2), 20 wt%, 7600±1550 µm(2)) compared with controls (0 wt%, 3150±220 µm(2)). Oxygen diffusion studies demonstrated that larger average pore area resulted in enhanced oxygen diffusion through scaffolds. Finally, the differentiation responses of NSPCs to phenotypic differentiation conditions were studied for neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in hydrogels of varied porosity over 14 d. Quantification of total cell numbers at day 7 and 14, showed that cell numbers decreased with increased porosity and over the length of the culture. At day 14 immunohistochemistry quantification for primary cell types demonstrated significant differentiation to the desired cells types, and that total percentages of each cell type was greatest when scaffolds were more porous. These results suggest that larger pore sizes in MAC hydrogels effectively promote NSPC 3D differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Asanka Wijekoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nic D. Leipzig
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gopi D, Nithiya S, Shinyjoy E, Kavitha L. Spectroscopic investigation on formation and growth of mineralized nanohydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 92:194-200. [PMID: 22446767 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic calcium hydroxyapatite (HAP,Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2)) is a well-known bioceramic material used in orthopaedic and dental applications because of its excellent biocompatibility and bone-bonding ability. Substitution of trace elements, such as Sr, Mg and Zn ions into the structure of calcium phosphates is the subject of widespread investigation. In this paper, we have reported the synthesis of Sr, Mg and Zn co-substituted nanohydroxyapatite by soft solution freezing method. The effect of pH on the morphology of bioceramic nanomaterial was also discussed. The in vitro bioactivity of the as-synthesized bioceramic nanomaterial was determined by soaking it in SBF for various days. The as-synthesized bioceramic nanomaterial was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X- ray diffraction analysis, Scanning electron microscopy and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Transmission electron microscopic techniques respectively. The results obtained in our study have revealed that pH 10 was identified to induce the formation of mineralized nanohydroxyapatite. It is observed that the synthesis of bioceramic nanomaterial not only support the growth of apatite layer on its surface but also accelerate the growth which is evident from the in vitro studies. Therefore, mineralized nanohydroxyapatite is a potential candidate in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Gopi
- Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mallick KK, Winnett J, van Grunsven W, Lapworth J, Reilly GC. Three-dimensional porous bioscaffolds for bone tissue regeneration: Fabrication via adaptive foam reticulation and freeze casting techniques, characterization, and cell study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2948-59. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
28
|
Ectopic study of calcium phosphate cement seeded with pBMP-2 modified canine bMSCs mediated by a non-viral PEI derivative. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:119-28. [PMID: 21899515 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the ectopic new bone formation effects of CPC (calcium phosphate cement) seeded with pBMP-2 (plasmids containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene) transfected canine bMSCs (bone marrow stromal cells) mediated by a non-viral PEI (polyethylenimine) derivative (GenEscort™ II) in nude mice. Canine bMSCs were transfected with pBMP-2 or pEGFP (plasmids containing enhanced green fluorescent protein gene) mediated by GenEscort™ II in vitro, and the osteoblastic differentiation was explored by ALP (alkaline phosphatase) staining, ARS (alizarin red S) staining and RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR) analysis. Ectopic bone formation effects of CPC/pBMP-2 transfected bMSCs were evaluated and compared with CPC/pEGFP transfected bMSCs or CPC/untransfected bMSCs through histological, histomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis 8 and 12 weeks post-operation in nude mice. Transfection efficiency was up ∼35% as demonstrated by EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) expression. ALP and ARS staining were stronger with pBMP-2 gene transfection, and mRNA expression of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2), Col 1 (collagen 1) and OCN (osteocalcin) in pBMP-2 group was significantly up-regulated at 6 and 9 days. Significantly higher NBV (new bone volume) was achieved in pBMP-2 group than in the control groups at 8 and 12 weeks (P<0.05). In addition, immunohistochemical analysis indicated higher OCN expression in pBMP-2 group (P<0.01). We conclude that CPC seeded with pBMP-2 transfected bMSCs mediated by GenEscort™ II could enhance ectopic new bone formation in nude mice, suggesting that GenEscort™ II mediated pBMP-2 gene transfer is an effective non-viral method and CPC is a suitable scaffold for gene enhanced bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kolk A, Handschel J, Drescher W, Rothamel D, Kloss F, Blessmann M, Heiland M, Wolff KD, Smeets R. Current trends and future perspectives of bone substitute materials - from space holders to innovative biomaterials. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 40:706-18. [PMID: 22297272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An autologous bone graft is still the ideal material for the repair of craniofacial defects, but its availability is limited and harvesting can be associated with complications. Bone replacement materials as an alternative have a long history of success. With increasing technological advances the spectrum of grafting materials has broadened to allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials, providing material specific advantages. A large number of bone-graft substitutes are available including allograft bone preparations such as demineralized bone matrix and calcium-based materials. More and more replacement materials consist of one or more components: an osteoconductive matrix, which supports the ingrowth of new bone; and osteoinductive proteins, which sustain mitogenesis of undifferentiated cells; and osteogenic cells (osteoblasts or osteoblast precursors), which are capable of forming bone in the proper environment. All substitutes can either replace autologous bone or expand an existing amount of autologous bone graft. Because an understanding of the properties of each material enables individual treatment concepts this review presents an overview of the principles of bone replacement, the types of graft materials available, and considers future perspectives. Bone substitutes are undergoing a change from a simple replacement material to an individually created composite biomaterial with osteoinductive properties to enable enhanced defect bridging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kolk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vallet-Regí M, Ruiz-Hernández E. Bioceramics: from bone regeneration to cancer nanomedicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:5177-5218. [PMID: 22009627 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research on biomaterials has been growing in the last few years due to the clinical needs in organs and tissues replacement and regeneration. In addition, cancer nanomedicine has recently appeared as an effective means to combine nanotechnology developments towards a clinical application. Ceramic materials are suitable candidates to be used in the manufacturing of bone-like scaffolds. Bioceramic materials may also be designed to deliver biologically active substances aimed at repairing, maintaining, restoring or improving the function of organs and tissues in the organism. Several materials such as calcium phosphates, glasses and glass ceramics able to load and subsequently release in a controlled fashion drugs, hormones, growth factors, peptides or nucleic acids have been developed. In particular, to prevent post surgical infections bioceramics may be surface modified and loaded with certain antibiotics, thus preventing the formation of bacterial biofilms. Remarkably, mesoporous bioactive glasses have shown excellent characteristics as drug carrying bone regeneration materials. These bioceramics are not only osteoconductive and osteoproductive, but also osteoinductive, and have therefore been proposed as ideal components for the fabrication of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. A recent promising development of bioceramic materials is related to the design of magnetic mediators against tumors. Magnetic composites are suitable thermoseeds for cancer treatment by hyperthermia. Moreover, magnetic nanomaterials offer a wide range of possibilities for diagnosis and therapy. These nanoparticles may be conjugated with therapeutic agents and heat the surrounding tissue under the action of alternating magnetic fields, enabling hyperthermia of cancer as an effective adjunct to chemotherapy regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates: occurrence, properties, biomineralization, pathological calcification and biomimetic applications. BIOMATTER 2011; 1:121-64. [PMID: 23507744 PMCID: PMC3549886 DOI: 10.4161/biom.18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. This type of materials is of special significance for human beings, because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with calcium orthophosphates, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenphosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of calcium orthophosphates. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered an in vivo dissolution of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, calcium orthophosphates hold a great significance for humankind, and in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
Collapse
|
32
|
Park JE, Todo M. Development and characterization of reinforced poly(L-lactide) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1171-1182. [PMID: 21431907 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Novel reinforced poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds such as solid shell, porous shell, one beam and two beam reinforced scaffolds were developed to improve the mechanical properties of a standard PLLA scaffold. Experimental results clearly indicated that the compressive mechanical properties such as the strength and the modulus are effectively improved by introducing the reinforcement structures. A linear elastic model consisting of three phases, that is, the reinforcement, the porous matrix and the boundary layer was also introduced in order to predict the compressive moduli of the reinforced scaffolds. The comparative study clearly showed that the simple theoretical model can reasonably predict the moduli of the scaffolds with three phase structures. The failure mechanism of the solid shell and the porous shell reinforced scaffolds under compression were found to be buckling of the solid shell and localized buckling of the struts constructing the pores in the porous shell, respectively. For the beam reinforced scaffolds, on the contrary, the primary failure mechanism was understood to be micro-cracking within the beams and the subsequent formation of the main-crack due to the coalescence of the micro-racks. The biological study was exhibited that osteoblast-like cells, MC3T3-E1, were well adhered and proliferated on the surfaces of the scaffolds after 12 days culturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Eon Park
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wagoner Johnson AJ, Herschler BA. A review of the mechanical behavior of CaP and CaP/polymer composites for applications in bone replacement and repair. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:16-30. [PMID: 20655397 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Repair of load-bearing defects resulting from disease or trauma remains a critical barrier for bone tissue engineering. Calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds are among the most extensively studied for this application. However, CaPs are reportedly too weak for use in such defects and, therefore, have been limited to non-load-bearing applications. This paper reviews the compression, flexural and tensile properties of CaPs and CaP/polymer composites for applications in bone replacement and repair. This review reveals interesting trends that have not, to our knowledge, previously been reported. Data are classified as bulk, scaffolds, and composites, then organized in order of decreasing strength. This allows for general comparisons of magnitudes of strength both within and across classifications. Bulk and scaffold strength and porosity overlap significantly and scaffold data are comparable to bone both in strength and porosity. Further, for compression, all composite data fall below those of the bulk and most of the scaffold. Another interesting trend revealed is that strength decreases with increasing β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) content for CaP scaffolds and with increasing CaP content for CaP/polymer composites. The real limitation for CaPs appears not to be strength necessarily, but toughness and reliability, which are rarely characterized. We propose that research should focus on novel ways of toughening CaPs and discuss several potential strategies.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cai X, Chen L, Jiang T, Shen X, Hu J, Tong H. Facile synthesis of anisotropic porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
Feng L, Milner DJ, Xia C, Nye HLD, Redwood P, Cameron JA, Stocum DL, Fang N, Jasiuk I. Xenopus laevis as a novel model to study long bone critical-size defect repair by growth factor-mediated regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 17:691-701. [PMID: 20929280 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used the tarsus of an adult Xenopus laevis frog as an in vivo load-bearing model to study the regeneration of critical-size defects (CSD) in long bones. We found the CSD for this bone to be about 35% of the tarsus length. To promote regeneration, we implanted biocompatible 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate scaffolds soaked with bone morphogenetic proteins-4 and vascular endothelial growth factors. In contrast to studies that use scaffolds as templates for bone formation, we used scaffolds as a growth factor delivery vehicle to promote cartilage-to-bone regeneration. Defects in control frogs were filled with scaffolds lacking growth factors. The limbs were harvested at a series of time points ranging from 3 weeks to 6 months after implantation and evaluated using micro-computed tomography and histology. In frogs treated with growth factor-loaded scaffolds, we observed a cartilage-to-bone regeneration in the skeletal defect. Five out of eight defects were completely filled with cartilage by 6 weeks. Blood vessels had invaded the cartilage, and bone was beginning to form in ossifying centers. By 3 months, these processes were well advanced, and extensive ossification was observed in 6-month samples. In contrast, the defects in control frogs showed only formation of fibrous scar tissue. This study demonstrates the utility of a Xenopus model system for tissue engineering research and that the normal in vivo mechanism of endochondral bone development and fracture repair can be mimicked in the repair of CSD with scaffolds used as growth factor delivery mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Feng
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates as bioceramics: state of the art. J Funct Biomater 2010; 1:22-107. [PMID: 24955932 PMCID: PMC4030894 DOI: 10.3390/jfb1010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the late 1960s, much interest was raised in regard to biomedical applications of various ceramic materials. A little bit later, such materials were named bioceramics. This review is limited to bioceramics prepared from calcium orthophosphates only, which belong to the categories of bioactive and bioresorbable compounds. There have been a number of important advances in this field during the past 30-40 years. Namely, by structural and compositional control, it became possible to choose whether calcium orthophosphate bioceramics were biologically stable once incorporated within the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics-which is able to promote regeneration of bones-was developed. Presently, calcium orthophosphate bioceramics are available in the form of particulates, blocks, cements, coatings, customized designs for specific applications and as injectable composites in a polymer carrier. Current biomedical applications include artificial replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons and ligaments, as well as repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jawbone, spinal fusion and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Exploratory studies demonstrate potential applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics as scaffolds, drug delivery systems, as well as carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and/or various types of cells for tissue engineering purposes.
Collapse
|
37
|
Roveri N, Iafisco M. Evolving application of biomimetic nanostructured hydroxyapatite. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2010; 3:107-25. [PMID: 24198477 PMCID: PMC3781698 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s9038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By mimicking Nature, we can design and synthesize inorganic smart materials that are reactive to biological tissues. These smart materials can be utilized to design innovative third-generation biomaterials, which are able to not only optimize their interaction with biological tissues and environment, but also mimic biogenic materials in their functionalities. The biomedical applications involve increasing the biomimetic levels from chemical composition, structural organization, morphology, mechanical behavior, nanostructure, and bulk and surface chemical-physical properties until the surface becomes bioreactive and stimulates cellular materials. The chemical-physical characteristics of biogenic hydroxyapatites from bone and tooth have been described, in order to point out the elective sides, which are important to reproduce the design of a new biomimetic synthetic hydroxyapatite. This review outlines the evolving applications of biomimetic synthetic calcium phosphates, details the main characteristics of bone and tooth, where the calcium phosphates are present, and discusses the chemical-physical characteristics of biomimetic calcium phosphates, methods of synthesizing them, and some of their biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Roveri
- Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Structural Chemistry (LEBSC), Dipartimento di Chimica ‘G. Ciamician’, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Structural Chemistry (LEBSC), Dipartimento di Chimica ‘G. Ciamician’, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
For tissue regeneration in medicine three-dimensional scaffolds with specific characteristics are required. A very important property is a high, interconnecting porosity to enable tissue ingrowth into the scaffold. Pore size distribution and pore geometry should be adapted to the respective tissue. Additionally, the scaffolds should have a basic stability for handling during implantation, which is provided by ceramic scaffolds. Various methods to produce such ceramic 3D scaffolds exist. In this paper conventional and new fabrication techniques are reviewed. Conventional methods cover the replica of synthetic and natural templates, the use of sacrificial templates and direct foaming. Rapid prototyping techniques are the new methods listed in this work. They include fused deposition modelling, robocasting and dispense-plotting, ink jet printing, stereolithography, 3D-printing, selective laser sintering/melting and a negative mould technique also involving rapid prototyping. The various fabrication methods are described and the characteristics of the resulting scaffolds are pointed out. Finally, the techniques are compared to find out their disadvantages and advantages.
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Sánchez-Salcedo S, Vila M, Izquierdo-Barba I, Cicuéndez M, Vallet-Regí M. Biopolymer-coated hydroxyapatite foams: a new antidote for heavy metal intoxication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Eichenseer C, Will J, Rampf M, Wend S, Greil P. Biomorphous porous hydroxyapatite-ceramics from rattan (Calamus Rotang). JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:131-137. [PMID: 19701720 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional, highly oriented pore channel anatomy of native rattan (Calamus rotang) was used as a template to fabricate biomorphous hydroxyapatite (Ca(5)(PO(4))(3)OH) ceramics designed for bone regeneration scaffolds. A low viscous hydroxyapatite-sol was prepared from triethyl phosphite and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and repeatedly vacuum infiltrated into the native template. The template was subsequently pyrolysed at 800 degrees C to form a biocarbon replica of the native tissue. Heat treatment at 1,300 degrees C in air atmosphere caused oxidation of the carbon skeleton and sintering of the hydroxyapatite. SEM analysis confirmed detailed replication of rattan anatomy. Porosity of the samples measured by mercury porosimetry showed a multimodal pore size distribution in the range of 300 nm to 300 microm. Phase composition was determined by XRD and FT-IR revealing hydroxyapatite as the dominant phase with minimum fractions of CaO and Ca(3)(PO(4))(2). The biomorphous scaffolds with a total porosity of 70-80% obtained a compressive strength of 3-5 MPa in axial direction and 1-2 MPa in radial direction of the pore channel orientation. Bending strength was determined in a coaxial double ring test resulting in a maximum bending strength of approximately 2 MPa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Eichenseer
- Department of Materials Science (Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lim HN, Kassim A, Huang NM, Yarmo MA, Khiew PS, Chiu WS. Preparation and characterization of brushite crystals using high internal phase emulsion. COLLOID JOURNAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x09060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
43
|
Vani R, Girija EK, Elayaraja K, Prakash Parthiban S, Kesavamoorthy R, Narayana Kalkura S. Hydrothermal synthesis of porous triphasic hydroxyapatite/(alpha and beta) tricalcium phosphate. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20 Suppl 1:S43-8. [PMID: 18560768 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel, porous triphasic calcium phosphate composed of nonresorbable hydroxyapatite (HAp) and resorbable tricalcium phosphate (alpha- and beta-TCP) has been synthesized hydrothermally at a relatively low temperature. The calcium phosphate precursor for hydrothermal treatment was prepared by gel method in the presence of ascorbic acid. XRD, FT-IR, Raman analyses confirmed the presence of HAp/TCP. The surface area and average pore size of the samples were found to be 28 m2/g and 20 nm, respectively. The samples were found to be bioactive in simulated body fluid (SBF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Vani
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang L, Huang Y, Pan K, Jiang X, Liu C. Osteogenic Responses to Different Concentrations/Ratios of BMP-2 and bFGF in Bone Formation. Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 38:77-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
45
|
Gopi D, Indira J, Prakash VCA, Kavitha L. Spectroscopic characterization of porous nanohydroxyapatite synthesized by a novel amino acid soft solution freezing method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:282-284. [PMID: 19525142 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have reported a novel method to synthesize nanoporous hydroxyapatite (HAP) powders by freezing organic-inorganic soft solutions. The formation of porous and crystalline HAP nanopowder was achieved via calcining the samples at 600 degrees C followed by sintering at temperatures ranging from 900 degrees C to 1100 degrees C. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. The results showed the formation of a carbon free nanoporous hydroxyapatite powders due to the decomposition of organic template enclosing the precipitated HAP. It was also observed that the rapid grain growth with retainment of pores while the crystallinity of the HAP nanopowder increased with the increase in sintering temperature which is substantiated from the XRD and SEM results. Such organized porous materials can act as a better biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Gopi
- Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Schlegel KA, Rupprecht S, Petrovic L, Honert C, Srour S, von Wilmowsky C, Felszegy E, Nkenke E, Lutz R. Preclinical animal model for de novo bone formation in human maxillary sinus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:e37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
47
|
Lim H, Kassim A, Huang N, Khiewc P, Chiu W. Three-dimensional flower-like brushite crystals prepared from high internal phase emulsion for drug delivery application. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
48
|
Capuccini C, Torricelli P, Boanini E, Gazzano M, Giardino R, Bigi A. Interaction of Sr-doped hydroxyapatite nanocrystals with osteoclast and osteoblast-like cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:594-600. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
49
|
Wu SC, Hsu HC, Hsiao SH, Ho WF. Preparation of porous 45S5 Bioglass-derived glass-ceramic scaffolds by using rice husk as a porogen additive. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:1229-1236. [PMID: 19160020 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive glass is currently regarded as the most biocompatible material in the bone regeneration field because of its bioactivity, osteoconductivity and even osteoinductivity. In the present work porous glass-ceramic scaffolds, which were prepared from the 45S5 Bioglass by foaming with rice husks and sintering at 1050 degrees C for 1 h, have been developed. The produced scaffolds were characterized for their morphology, properties and bioactivity. Micrographs taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for analysis of macropores, mesopores and micropores, respectively. The bioactivity of the porous glass-ceramic scaffolds was investigated using simulated body fluid (SBF) and characterized by SEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A great potential scaffold that provides sufficient mechanical support temporarily while maintaining bioactivity, and that can biodegrade at later stages is achievable with the developed 45S5 Bioglass-derived scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Wu
- Department of Dental Laboratory Technology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers’ attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. These materials are of the special significance because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and dear antlers) and pathological (i.e. those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium ortho-phosphates. For example, self-setting hydraulic cements made of calcium orthophosphates are helpful in bone repair, while titanium substitutes covered by a surface layer of calcium orthophosphates are used for hip joint endoprostheses and as tooth substitutes. Porous scaffolds made of calcium orthophosphates are very promising tools for tissue engineering applications. In addition, technical grade calcium orthophosphates are very popular mineral fertilizers. Thus ere calcium orthophosphates are of great significance for humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
Collapse
|