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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4)-Based Bioceramics: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. COATINGS 2022; 12:1380. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Various types of materials have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A short time later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. Bioceramics can be prepared from diverse inorganic substances, but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-based formulations only, due to its chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 50 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the CaPO4-based implants would remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they would be resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed, and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now, CaPO4-based scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are usually porous and harbor various biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of CaPO4-based bioceramics include artificial bone grafts, bone augmentations, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, and periodontal disease repairs, as well as bone fillers after tumor surgery. Prospective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because CaPO4 appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides, and various types of cells.
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Moradi A, Pakizeh M, Ghassemi T. A review on bovine hydroxyapatite; extraction and characterization. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 8. [PMID: 34879359 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac414e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
High rate of bone grafting surgeries emphasizes the need for optimal bone substitutes. Biomaterials mimicking the interconnected porous structure of the original bone with osteoconductive and osteoinductive capabilities have long been considered. Hydroxyapatite (HA), as the main inorganic part of natural bone, has exhibited excellent regenerative properties in bone tissue engineering. This manuscript reviews the HA extraction methods from bovine bone, as one of the principal biosources. Essential points in the extraction process have also been highlighted. Characterization of the produced HA through gold standard methods such as XRD, FTIR, electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), mechanical/thermodynamic tests, and bioactivity analysis has been explained in detail. Finally, future perspectives for development of HA constructs are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moradi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUM), Mashhad, Iran.,Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUM), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Pakizeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Toktam Ghassemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
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Yuan S, Ma Y, Li X, Ma Z, Yang H, Mu L. Fabrication and Microstructure of ZnO/HA Composite with In Situ Formation of Second-Phase ZnO. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13183948. [PMID: 32906641 PMCID: PMC7558110 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanometer hydroxyapatite (n-HA) powders were synthesized by the chemical precipitation method, and a novel ZnO/HA composite, which consisted of second-phase particles with different sizes and distributions, was successfully fabricated. ZnO/HA composites were prepared by using powder sintering with different Zn contents and a prefabrication pressure of 150 MPa. Microstructure and local chemical composition were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), respectively. The phase composition and distribution of the composite were determined with electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. The experimental results of the XRD showed that the chemical precipitation method was a simple and efficient method to obtain high-purity n-HA powders. When the sintering temperature was lower than 1250 °C, the thermal stability of HA was not affected by the Zn in the sintering process. Due to sintering in an air atmosphere, the oxidation reaction of Zn took place in three stages, and ZnO as the second phase had two different sizes and distributions in the composites. The compressive strength of ZnO/HA composites, of which the highest was up to 332 MPa when the Zn content was 20%, was significantly improved compared with pure HA. The improvement in mechanical properties was mainly due to the distribution of fine ZnO particles among HA grains, which hindered the HA grain boundary migration and refinement of HA grains. As grain refinement increased the area of the grain boundary inside the material, both the grain boundary and second phase hindered crack development in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (S.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (L.M.)
| | - Ye Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (S.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (L.M.)
| | - Xingyi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (S.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhen Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (S.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (L.M.)
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (S.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (L.M.)
| | - Liting Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (S.Y.); (Y.M.); (Z.M.); (H.Y.); (L.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
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Zhao X, Liu Q, Yang J, Zhang W, Wang Y. Sintering Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Mullite Fibers/Hydroxyapatite Ceramic. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11101859. [PMID: 30274239 PMCID: PMC6212928 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of fiber content and sintering temperature on sintering behavior and mechanical properties of mullite fibers/hydroxyapatite composites was studied. The composites were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis and pressureless sintering. The amount of fibers was varied from 5 wt % to 15 wt % through hydrothermal synthesis, mullite fibers and hydroxyapatite composite powders were subsequently sintered at temperatures of 1150, 1250, and 1350 °C. The composites presented a more perturbed structure by increasing fiber content. Moreover, the composites experienced pore coalescence and exhibited a dense microstructure at elevated temperature. X-ray diffraction indicated that the composites underwent various chemical reactions and generated silicate glasses. The generation of silicate glasses increased the driving force of particle rearrangement and decreased the number of pores, which promoted densification of the composites. Densification typically leads to increased hardness and bending strength. The study proposes a densification mechanism and opens new insights into the sintering properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Qingyao Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jianjun Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Weigang Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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Effect of alumina contents on phase stability and mechanical properties of magnesium fluorapatite/alumina composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 40:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Development and characterization of fast-hardening composite cements composed of natural ceramics originated from horse bones and chitosan solution. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Nasiri-Tabrizi B, Fahami A, Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi R. A comparative study of hydroxyapatite nanostructures produced under different milling conditions and thermal treatment of bovine bone. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Barros J, Grenho L, Manuel CM, Ferreira C, Melo L, Nunes OC, Monteiro FJ, Ferraz MP. Influence of nanohydroxyapatite surface properties on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:1325-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328213507300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA), due to its chemical properties, has appeared as an exceptionally promising bioceramic to be used as bone regeneration material. Staphylococcus epidermidis have emerged as major nosocomial pathogens associated with infections of implanted medical devices. In this work, the purpose was to study the influence of the nanoHA surface characteristics on S. epidermidis RP62A biofilm formation. Therefore, two different initial inoculum concentrations (Ci) were used in order to check if these would affect the biofilm formed on the nanoHA surfaces. Biofilm formation was followed by the enumeration of cultivable cells and by scanning electron microscopy. Surface topography, contact angle, total surface area and porosimetry of the biomaterials were studied and correlated with the biofilm data. The surface of nanoHA sintered at 830℃ (nanoHA830) showed to be more resistant to S. epidermidis attachment and accumulation than that of nanoHA sintered at 1000℃ (nanoHA1000). The biofilm formed on nanoHA830 presented differences in terms of structure, surface coverage and EPS production when compared to the one formed on nanoHA1000 surface. It was observed that topography and surface area of nanoHA surfaces had influence on the bacterial attachment and accumulation. Ci influenced bacteria attachment and accumulation on nanoHA surfaces over time. The choice of the initial inoculum concentration was relevant proving to have an effect on the extent of adherence thus being a critical point for human health if these materials are used in implantable devices. This study showed that the initial inoculum concentration and surface material properties determine the rate of microbial attachment to substrata and consequently are related to biofilm-associated infections in biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barros
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Grenho
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - CM Manuel
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ULP – Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Ferreira
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Melo
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - OC Nunes
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - FJ Monteiro
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - MP Ferraz
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CEBIMED – Centro de Estudos em Biomedicina, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
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Shuai C, Feng P, Zhang L, Gao C, Hu H, Peng S, Min A. Correlation between properties and microstructure of laser sintered porous β-tricalcium phosphate bone scaffolds. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2013; 14:055002. [PMID: 27877609 PMCID: PMC5090372 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/5/055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffold was successfully prepared with our homemade selective laser sintering system. Microstructure observation by a scanning electron microscope showed that the grains grew from 0.21 to 1.32 μm with the decrease of laser scanning speed from 250 to 50 mm min-1. The mechanical properties increased mainly due to the improved apparent density when the laser scanning speed decreased to 150 mm min-1. When the scanning speed was further decreased, the grain size became larger and the mechanical properties severely decreased. The highest Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the scaffold were 3.59 GPa and 1.16 MPa m1/2, respectively, when laser power was 11 W, spot size was 1 mm in diameter, layer thickness was 0.1-0.2 mm and laser scanning speed was 150 mm min-1. The biocompatibility of these scaffolds was assessed in vitro with MG63 osteoblast-like cells and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The results showed that all the prepared scaffolds are suitable for cell attachment and differentiation. Moreover, the smaller the grain size, the better the cell biocompatibility. The porous scaffold with a grain size of 0.71 μm was immersed in a simulated body fluid for different days to assess the bioactivity. The surface of the scaffold was covered by a bone-like apatite layer, which indicated that the β-TCP scaffold possesses good bioactivity. These discoveries demonstrated the evolution rule between grain microstructure and the properties that give a useful reference for the fabrication of β-TCP bone scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanlong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuping Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anjie Min
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People’s Republic of China
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:3840-3942. [PMID: 28788309 PMCID: PMC5452669 DOI: 10.3390/ma6093840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various types of grafts have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A bit later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. In principle, bioceramics can be prepared from diverse materials but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate-based formulations only, which possess the specific advantages due to the chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 40 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the calcium orthophosphate-based implants remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now calcium orthophosphate scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous and harbor different biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include bone augmentations, artificial bone grafts, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, periodontal disease repairs and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Perspective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because calcium orthophosphates appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and various types of cells.
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates as bioceramics: state of the art. J Funct Biomater 2010; 1:22-107. [PMID: 24955932 PMCID: PMC4030894 DOI: 10.3390/jfb1010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the late 1960s, much interest was raised in regard to biomedical applications of various ceramic materials. A little bit later, such materials were named bioceramics. This review is limited to bioceramics prepared from calcium orthophosphates only, which belong to the categories of bioactive and bioresorbable compounds. There have been a number of important advances in this field during the past 30-40 years. Namely, by structural and compositional control, it became possible to choose whether calcium orthophosphate bioceramics were biologically stable once incorporated within the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics-which is able to promote regeneration of bones-was developed. Presently, calcium orthophosphate bioceramics are available in the form of particulates, blocks, cements, coatings, customized designs for specific applications and as injectable composites in a polymer carrier. Current biomedical applications include artificial replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons and ligaments, as well as repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jawbone, spinal fusion and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Exploratory studies demonstrate potential applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics as scaffolds, drug delivery systems, as well as carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and/or various types of cells for tissue engineering purposes.
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Zhu J, Yang DW, Ma F. Feasibility Study of a Partially Hollow Configuration for Zirconia Dental Implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 68:399-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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LI S, IZUI H, OKANO M, WATANABE T. The Effects of Sintering Temperature and Pressure on the Sintering Behavior of Hydroxyapatite Powder Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1299/jbse.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng LI
- College of science and technology, Nihon University
| | - Hiroshi IZUI
- College of science and technology, Nihon University
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