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Cvekl A, Camerino MJ. Generation of Lens Progenitor Cells and Lentoid Bodies from Pluripotent Stem Cells: Novel Tools for Human Lens Development and Ocular Disease Etiology. Cells 2022; 11:3516. [PMID: 36359912 PMCID: PMC9658148 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into specialized tissues and organs represents a powerful approach to gain insight into those cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating human development. Although normal embryonic eye development is a complex process, generation of ocular organoids and specific ocular tissues from pluripotent stem cells has provided invaluable insights into the formation of lineage-committed progenitor cell populations, signal transduction pathways, and self-organization principles. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in generation of adenohypophyseal, olfactory, and lens placodes, lens progenitor cells and three-dimensional (3D) primitive lenses, "lentoid bodies", and "micro-lenses". These cells are produced alone or "community-grown" with other ocular tissues. Lentoid bodies/micro-lenses generated from human patients carrying mutations in crystallin genes demonstrate proof-of-principle that these cells are suitable for mechanistic studies of cataractogenesis. Taken together, current and emerging advanced in vitro differentiation methods pave the road to understand molecular mechanisms of cataract formation caused by the entire spectrum of mutations in DNA-binding regulatory genes, such as PAX6, SOX2, FOXE3, MAF, PITX3, and HSF4, individual crystallins, and other genes such as BFSP1, BFSP2, EPHA2, GJA3, GJA8, LIM2, MIP, and TDRD7 represented in human cataract patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Cvekl
- Departments Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael John Camerino
- Departments Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Kheradmand H, Babaloo H, Vojgani Y, Mirzakhanlouei S, Bayat N. PCL/gelatin scaffolds and beta-boswellic acid synergistically increase the efficiency of CGR8 stem cells differentiation into dopaminergic neuron: A new paradigm of Parkinson's disease cell therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:562-571. [PMID: 32588502 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative disorder in the central nervous system, which is distinguished by the death of dopamine-producing nerve cells. Levodopa, a dopamine precursor drug, is the current standard of care of symptomatic treatment for Parkinson's disease. However, the long-term use of the drug is associated with the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Cellular therapies aim to deploy fetal dopaminergic neurons as a means to replace the missing dopamine-producing cells. The present study aims to study the impact of beta-boswellic acid (BBA) coupled with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL)/gelatin scaffolds on the dopaminergic differentiation course of CGR8 embryonic stem cells (ESCs). For this purpose, CGR8 ESCs were cultured on PCL/gelatin scaffolds and a five-step protocol was employed to be promoted the neural differentiation of CGR8 ESCs. Gene expression analysis by real-time qPCR demonstrated that PCL/gelatin scaffolds along with BBA treatment impose synergistic effects on the derivation of dopaminergic-like cells from CGR8 ESCs. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography confirmed the functionality of the derived neurons by demonstrating the efficient secretion of dopamine in response to stimuli. Our results suggested that the generation of functional dopaminergic-like cells from CGR8 ESCs was increased and supported by PCL/gelatin scaffolds and BBA treatment can heighten the efficiency. The result of this study may open insight into Parkinson's disease cell therapy and provide future directions for tissue engineering aimed at the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kheradmand
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Babaloo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yasaman Vojgani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Mirzakhanlouei
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Neda Bayat
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Volovitz I, Shapira N, Ezer H, Gafni A, Lustgarten M, Alter T, Ben-Horin I, Barzilai O, Shahar T, Kanner A, Fried I, Veshchev I, Grossman R, Ram Z. A non-aggressive, highly efficient, enzymatic method for dissociation of human brain-tumors and brain-tissues to viable single-cells. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:30. [PMID: 27251756 PMCID: PMC4888249 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conducting research on the molecular biology, immunology, and physiology of brain tumors (BTs) and primary brain tissues requires the use of viably dissociated single cells. Inadequate methods for tissue dissociation generate considerable loss in the quantity of single cells produced and in the produced cells’ viability. Improper dissociation may also demote the quality of data attained in functional and molecular assays due to the presence of large quantities cellular debris containing immune-activatory danger associated molecular patterns, and due to the increased quantities of degraded proteins and RNA. Results Over 40 resected BTs and non-tumorous brain tissue samples were dissociated into single cells by mechanical dissociation or by mechanical and enzymatic dissociation. The quality of dissociation was compared for all frequently used dissociation enzymes (collagenase, DNase, hyaluronidase, papain, dispase) and for neutral protease (NP) from Clostridium histolyticum. Single-cell-dissociated cell mixtures were evaluated for cellular viability and for the cell-mixture dissociation quality. Dissociation quality was graded by the quantity of subcellular debris, non-dissociated cell clumps, and DNA released from dead cells. Of all enzymes or enzyme combinations examined, NP (an enzyme previously not evaluated on brain tissues) produced dissociated cell mixtures with the highest mean cellular viability: 93 % in gliomas, 85 % in brain metastases, and 89 % in non-tumorous brain tissue. NP also produced cell mixtures with significantly less cellular debris than other enzymes tested. Dissociation using NP was non-aggressive over time—no changes in cell viability or dissociation quality were found when comparing 2-h dissociation at 37 °C to overnight dissociation at ambient temperature. Conclusions The use of NP allows for the most effective dissociation of viable single cells from human BTs or brain tissue. Its non-aggressive dissociative capacity may enable ambient-temperature shipping of tumor pieces in multi-center clinical trials, meanwhile being dissociated. As clinical grade NP is commercially available it can be easily integrated into cell-therapy clinical trials in neuro-oncology. The high quality viable cells produced may enable investigators to conduct more consistent research by avoiding the experimental artifacts associated with the presence dead cells or cellular debris. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-016-0262-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Volovitz
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Netanel Shapira
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Ezer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Galilee Medical Center, Lohamei HaGeta'ot 5, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Aviv Gafni
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Merav Lustgarten
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Alter
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Ben-Horin
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Barzilai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Shahar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew Kanner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Igor Veshchev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi Ram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wung N, Acott SM, Tosh D, Ellis MJ. Hollow fibre membrane bioreactors for tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2357-66. [PMID: 25064452 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fibre membrane bioreactors (HFB) provide a novel approach towards tissue engineering applications in the field of regenerative medicine. For adherent cell types, HFBs offer an in vivo-like microenvironment as each fibre replicates a blood capillary and the mass transfer rate across the wall is independent from the shear stresses experienced by the cell. HFB also possesses the highest surface area to volume ratio of all bioreactor configurations. In theory, these factors enable a high quantity of the desired cellular product with less population variation, and favourable operating costs. Experimental analyses of different cell types and bioreactor designs show encouraging steps towards producing a clinically relevant device. This review discusses the basic HFB design for cell expansion and in vitro models; compares data produced on commercially available systems and addresses the operational differences between theory and practice. HFBs are showing some potential for mammalian cell culture but further work is needed to fully understand the complexities of cell culture in HFBs and how best to achieve the high theoretical cell yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Wung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Klincumhom N, Pirity MK, Berzsenyi S, Ujhelly O, Muenthaisong S, Rungarunlert S, Tharasanit T, Techakumphu M, Dinnyes A. Generation of neuronal progenitor cells and neurons from mouse sleeping beauty transposon-generated induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:390-7. [PMID: 22917491 PMCID: PMC3459052 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be used as models of neuronal differentiation for the investigation of mammalian neurogenesis, pharmacological testing, and development of cell-based therapies. Recently, mouse iPS cell lines have been generated by Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon-mediated transgenesis (SB-iPS). In this study, we determined for the first time the differentiation potential of mouse SB-iPS cells to form neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons. Undifferentiated SB-iPS and ES cells were aggregated into embryoid bodies (EBs) and cultured in neuronal differentiation medium supplemented with 5 μM all-trans retinoic acid. Thereafter, EBs were dissociated and plated to observe further neuronal differentiation. Samples were fixed on days 10 and 14 for immunocytochemistry staining using the NPC markers Pax6 and Nestin and the neuron marker βIII-tubulin/Tuj1. Nestin-labeled cells were analyzed further by flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated that SB-iPS cells can generate NPCs and differentiate further into neurons in culture, although SB-iPS cells produced less nestin-positive cells than ESCs (6.12 ± 1.61 vs. 74.36 ± 1.65, respectively). In conclusion, the efficiency of generating SB-iPS cells-derived NPCs needs to be improved. However, given the considerable potential of SB-iPS cells for drug testing and as therapeutic models in neurological disorders, continuing investigation of their neuronal differentiation ability is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttha Klincumhom
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Biotalentum Ltd., 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Melinda K. Pirity
- Biotalentum Ltd., 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- Current address: Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Sasitorn Rungarunlert
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakornphatom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Techakumphu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- Biotalentum Ltd., 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent Istvan University, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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The synergistic effect of beta-boswellic acid and Nurr1 overexpression on dopaminergic programming of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-1-expressing murine embryonic stem cells. Neuroscience 2012; 222:404-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abraham S, Eroshenko N, Rao RR. Role of bioinspired polymers in determination of pluripotent stem cell fate. Regen Med 2009; 4:561-78. [PMID: 19580405 DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, hold enormous potential for the treatment of many diseases, owing to their ability to generate cell types useful for therapeutic applications. Currently, many stem cell culture propagation and differentiation systems incorporate animal-derived components for promoting self-renewal and differentiation. However, use of these components is labor intensive, carries the risk of xenogeneic contamination and yields compromised experimental results that are difficult to duplicate. From a biomaterials perspective, the generation of an animal- and cell-free biomimetic microenvironment that provides the appropriate physical and chemical cues for stem cell self-renewal or differentiation into specialized cell types would be ideal. This review presents the use of natural and synthetic polymers that support propagation and differentiation of stem cells, in an attempt to obtain a clear understanding of the factors responsible for the determination of stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Abraham
- Department of Chemical & Life Science Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Ando T, Yamazoe H, Moriyasu K, Ueda Y, Iwata H. Induction of Dopamine-Releasing Cells from Primate Embryonic Stem Cells Enclosed in Agarose Microcapsules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:2539-47. [PMID: 17655488 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2007.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine-releasing cells derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are potentially valuable in cell transplantation therapy for Parkinson's disease. There have been many recent investigations of the induction of dopamine-releasing cells from mouse and primate ESCs. However, there are major obstacles to application of dopamine-releasing ESC progeny to cell transplantation therapy, including host immune responses to transplanted cells and the difficulty of collecting dopamine-releasing cells from culture dishes undamaged. To overcome these obstacles, in the present study, cynomolgus monkey ES cell (cESC) aggregates enclosed in agarose microcapsules were cultured in 3 kinds of media: Glasgow minimum essential medium-based medium (GBM); GBM-containing conditioned medium of PA6 cells; and GBM supplemented with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)8, sonic hedgehog, and ascorbic acid (GBM(+)) under free-floating culture conditions. Of these 3 culture media, GBM(+) most efficiently induced dopamine-releasing cells. Addition of FGF8, sonic hedgehog, and ascorbic acid to the culture medium during culture days 10 to 15, days 12 to 15, and days 16 to 20, respectively, facilitated the generation of dopamine-releasing cells. Because various characteristics of cESCs are reported to be similar to those of human ESCs, we expect that the study using cESCs will provide useful information for cell transplantation therapy of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ando
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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