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Go HB, Lee MJ, Seo JY, Byun SY, Kwon JS. Mechanical properties and sustainable bacterial resistance effect of strontium-modified phosphate-based glass microfiller in dental composite resins. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17763. [PMID: 37853055 PMCID: PMC10584999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental composite resins are widely used in dental restorations. However, their clinical application is limited by the occurrence of secondary caries. Strontium-modified phosphate-based glass (Sr-PBG) is a material known to have a sustainable bacterial resistance effect. The mechanical properties (in particular, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and hardness) of dental materials determine their function. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanical and ion-releasing properties as well as the sustainable bacterial resistance effect of bioactive resin composites containing Sr-PBG. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tuckey's tests (p < 0.05). We incorporated a Sr-PBG microfiller at 3, 6, and 9 wt.% concentrations into a commercially available composite resin and investigated the mechanical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, and micro hardness), ion release characteristics, and color of the resultant resins. In addition, we examined the antibacterial effects of the composite resins against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The mechanical properties of the Sr-PBG groups differed only slightly from those of the control group (p > 0.05). However, the optical density at 600 nm of S. mutans incubated on the experimental group was significantly lower compared to that observed with the control (p < 0.05) both before and after thermocycling between 5 and 55 ℃ for 850 cycles (dwell time: 45 s). Therefore, strontium-modified resin materials exhibited a sustainable bacterial resistance effect in vitro while maintaining some of the mechanical properties of ordinary acrylic resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Go
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Seo
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yun Byun
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shetty S, Sekar P, Shetty RM, Abou Neel EA. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Copper-Doped Phosphate Glass on Pathogenic Bacteria. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073179. [PMID: 37049941 PMCID: PMC10096066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)] and antibiofilm activity [log10 colony forming unit/mL (CFU/mL) and biofilm disruption] of copper-doped phosphate glass (CDPG) against Streptococcus oralis, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus casei, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: the antibacterial activity was determined using microbroth dilution and time-kill assay. The antibiofilm activity was investigated using crystal violet and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacteria growing in absence of CDPG were used as controls. Results: the MIC was ≥125 mg of CPDG/mL; the log10 CFU/mL reduction ranged from 2.66–3.14 to 6.23–9.65 after 4 and 24 h respectively. Generally, no growth was observed after 24 h of treatment with CDPG; the MBC was 250 mg/mL for L. casei and S. oralis while 500 mg/mL for the rest of the bacteria. The highest and lowest antibiofilm activity was observed against S. oralis and E. coli respectively. Three patterns of complete biofilm disruption were seen: (i) large areas with E. fecalis and S. oralis, (ii) medium-size pockets with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, or (iii) small areas with E. coli and L. casei. Conclusion: CDPG can be potentially used as an antibacterial and an antibiofilm agent against oral biofilm-forming bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Shetty
- Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyadharshini Sekar
- RIMHS, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raghavendra M. Shetty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-to-be University), Wardha 442001, India
| | - Ensanya Ali Abou Neel
- Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
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Zinc-modified phosphate-based glass micro-filler improves Candida albicans resistance of auto-polymerized acrylic resin without altering mechanical performance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19456. [PMID: 36376540 PMCID: PMC9663707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of auto-polymerized acrylic resin by pathogenic Candida albicans is a common problem for denture users. In this study, zinc-modified phosphate-based glass was introduced into an auto-polymerized acrylic resin at concentrations of 3, 5, and 7 wt.%. The mechanical or physical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, and contact angle), surface morphology of the resultant materials, and the antimicrobial effect on C. albicans were investigated. There were no statistical differences in the mechanical properties between the control and the zinc-modified phosphate-based glass samples (p > 0.05); however, the number of C. albicans colony-forming units was significantly lower in the control group (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that C. albicans tended not to adhere to the zinc-modified-phosphate-based glass samples. Thus, the zinc-modified materials retained the advantageous mechanical properties of unaltered acrylic resins, while simultaneously exhibiting a strong antimicrobial effect in vitro.
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Gupta D, Hossain KMZ, Roe M, Smith EF, Ahmed I, Sottile V, Grant DM. Long-Term Culture of Stem Cells on Phosphate-Based Glass Microspheres: Synergistic Role of Chemical Formulation and 3D Architecture. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5987-6004. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanak Gupta
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Kazi M. Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Martin Roe
- Nanoscale & Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Emily F. Smith
- Nanoscale & Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - David M. Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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Chauhan N, Lakhkar N, Chaudhari A. Development and physicochemical characterization of novel porous phosphate glass bone graft substitute and in vitro comparison with xenograft. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:60. [PMID: 33999295 PMCID: PMC8128851 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The process of bone regeneration in bone grafting procedures is greatly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the bone graft substitute. In this study, porous phosphate glass (PPG) morsels were developed and their physicochemical properties such as degradation, crystallinity, organic content, surface topography, particle size and porosity were evaluated using various analytical methods. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the PPG morsels was assessed and the interaction of the PPG morsels with Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) was studied by measuring cell proliferation and cell penetration depth. The cell-material interactions between PPG morsels and a commercially available xenograft (XG) were compared. The PPG morsels were observed to be amorphous, biocompatible and highly porous (porosity = 58.45%). From in vitro experiments, PPG morsels were observed to be non-cytotoxic and showed better cell proliferation. The internal surface of PPG was easily accessible to the cells compared to XG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketa Chauhan
- SynThera Biomedical Pvt. Ltd. 100, NCL Innovation Park, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Nilay Lakhkar
- SynThera Biomedical Pvt. Ltd. 100, NCL Innovation Park, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Amol Chaudhari
- SynThera Biomedical Pvt. Ltd. 100, NCL Innovation Park, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
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Effect of varying the Mg with Ca content in highly porous phosphate-based glass microspheres. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111668. [PMID: 33545833 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the role of phosphate-based glass (PBG) microspheres and their physicochemical properties including in vitro biological response to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Solid and porous microspheres were prepared via a flame spheroidisation process. The Mg content in the PBG formulations explored was reduced from 24 to 2 mol% with a subsequent increase in Ca content. A small quantity of TiO2 (1 mol%) was added to the lower Mg-content glass (2 mol%) to avoid crystallisation. Morphological and physical characterisation of porous microspheres revealed interconnected porosity (up to 76 ± 5 %), average external pore sizes of 55 ± 5 μm with surface areas ranging from 0.38 to 0.43 m2 g-1. Degradation and ion release studies conducted compared the solid (non-porous) and porous microspheres and revealed 1.5 to 2.5 times higher degradation rate for porous microspheres. Also, in vitro bioactivity studies using simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed Ca/P ratios for porous microspheres of all three glass formulations were between 0.75 and 0.92 which were within the range suggested for precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate. Direct cell seeding and indirect cell culture studies (via incubation with microsphere degradation products) revealed hMSCs were able to grow and undergo osteogenic differentiation in vitro, confirming cytocompatibility of the formulations tested. However, the higher Mg content (24 mol%) porous microsphere showed the most potent osteogenic response and is therefore considered as a promising candidate for bone repair applications.
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De Melo N, Murrell L, Islam MT, Titman JJ, Macri-Pellizzeri L, Ahmed I, Sottile V. Tailoring Pyro-and Orthophosphate Species to Enhance Stem Cell Adhesion to Phosphate Glasses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020837. [PMID: 33467686 PMCID: PMC7829838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate-based glasses (PBGs) offer significant therapeutic potential due to their bioactivity, controllable compositions, and degradation rates. Several PBGs have already demonstrated their ability to support direct cell growth and in vivo cytocompatibility for bone repair applications. This study investigated development of PBG formulations with pyro- and orthophosphate species within the glass system (40 − x)P2O5·(16 + x)CaO·20Na2O·24MgO (x = 0, 5, 10 mol%) and their effect on stem cell adhesion properties. Substitution of phosphate for calcium revealed a gradual transition within the glass structure from Q2 to Q0 phosphate species. Human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured directly onto discs made from three PBG compositions. Analysis of cells seeded onto the discs revealed that PBG with higher concentration of pyro- and orthophosphate content (61% Q1 and 39% Q0) supported a 4.3-fold increase in adhered cells compared to glasses with metaphosphate connectivity (49% Q2 and 51% Q1). This study highlights that tuning the composition of PBGs to possess pyro- and orthophosphate species only, enables the possibility to control cell adhesion performance. PBGs with superior cell adhesion profiles represent ideal candidates for biomedical applications, where cell recruitment and support for tissue ingrowth are of critical importance for orthopaedic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel De Melo
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (N.D.M.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Lauren Murrell
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.M.); (M.T.I.)
| | - Md Towhidul Islam
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.M.); (M.T.I.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Jeremy J. Titman
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Laura Macri-Pellizzeri
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (N.D.M.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.M.); (M.T.I.)
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (V.S.)
| | - Virginie Sottile
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (N.D.M.); (L.M.-P.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (V.S.)
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Development of a Bioactive Flowable Resin Composite Containing a Zinc-Doped Phosphate-Based Glass. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112311. [PMID: 33266456 PMCID: PMC7700342 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flowable resins used for dental restoration are subject to biofilm formation. Zinc has antibacterial properties. Thus, we prepared a zinc-doped phosphate-based glass (Zn-PBG) to dope a flowable resin and evaluated the antibacterial activity of the composite against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to extrapolate the preventative effect toward secondary caries. The composites were prepared having 0 (control), 1.9, 3.8, and 5.4 wt.% Zn-PBG. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, depth of cure, ion release, inhibition zone size, and number of colony-forming units were evaluated and analyzed using ANOVA. The flexural strength of the control was significantly higher than those of Zn-PBG samples (p < 0.05). However, all samples meet the International Standard, ISO 4049. The microhardness was not significantly different for the control group and 1.9 and 3.8 wt.% groups, but the 5.4 wt.% Zn-PBG group had a significantly lower microhardness (p < 0.05). Further, the composite resins increasingly released P, Ca, Na, and Zn ions with an increase in Zn-PBG content (p < 0.05). The colony-forming unit count revealed a significant reduction in S. mutans viability (p < 0.05) with increase in Zn-PBG content. Therefore, the addition of Zn-PBG to flowable composite resins enhances antibacterial activity and could aid the prevention of secondary caries.
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9
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Peticone C, Thompson DDS, Dimov N, Jevans B, Glass N, Micheletti M, Knowles JC, Kim HW, Cooper-White JJ, Wall IB. Characterisation of osteogenic and vascular responses of hMSCs to Ti-Co doped phosphate glass microspheres using a microfluidic perfusion platform. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420954712. [PMID: 33178409 PMCID: PMC7592314 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420954712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Using microspherical scaffolds as building blocks to repair bone defects of
specific size and shape has been proposed as a tissue engineering strategy.
Here, phosphate glass (PG) microcarriers doped with 5 mol % TiO2 and
either 0 mol % CoO (CoO 0%) or 2 mol % CoO (CoO 2%) were investigated for their
ability to support osteogenic and vascular responses of human mesenchymal stem
cells (hMSCs). Together with standard culture techniques, cell-material
interactions were studied using a novel perfusion microfluidic bioreactor that
enabled cell culture on microspheres, along with automated processing and
screening of culture variables. While titanium doping was found to support hMSCs
expansion and differentiation, as well as endothelial cell-derived vessel
formation, additional doping with cobalt did not improve the functionality of
the microspheres. Furthermore, the microfluidic bioreactor enabled screening of
culture parameters for cell culture on microspheres that could be potentially
translated to a scaled-up system for tissue-engineered bone manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Peticone
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nikolay Dimov
- Centre for Engineering Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ben Jevans
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Glass
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martina Micheletti
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, UCL Campus, London, UK.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin J Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ivan B Wall
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Institute for Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Aston Medical Research Institute and School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Mechanical, Structural and Crystallization Properties in Titanate Doped Phosphate Glasses. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Deshmukh K, Kovářík T, Křenek T, Docheva D, Stich T, Pola J. Recent advances and future perspectives of sol–gel derived porous bioactive glasses: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33782-33835. [PMID: 35519068 PMCID: PMC9056785 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sol–gel derived bioactive glasses have been extensively explored as a promising and highly porous scaffold materials for bone tissue regeneration applications owing to their exceptional osteoconductivity, osteostimulation and degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalim Deshmukh
- New Technologies – Research Center
- University of West Bohemia
- Plzeň
- Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kovářík
- New Technologies – Research Center
- University of West Bohemia
- Plzeň
- Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křenek
- New Technologies – Research Center
- University of West Bohemia
- Plzeň
- Czech Republic
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery
- Department of Trauma Surgery
- University Regensburg Medical Centre
- Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Theresia Stich
- Experimental Trauma Surgery
- Department of Trauma Surgery
- University Regensburg Medical Centre
- Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Josef Pola
- New Technologies – Research Center
- University of West Bohemia
- Plzeň
- Czech Republic
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12
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Aslankoohi N, Mondal D, Rizkalla AS, Mequanint K. Bone Repair and Regenerative Biomaterials: Towards Recapitulating the Microenvironment. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1437. [PMID: 31480693 PMCID: PMC6780693 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials and tissue engineering scaffolds play a central role to repair bone defects. Although ceramic derivatives have been historically used to repair bone, hybrid materials have emerged as viable alternatives. The rationale for hybrid bone biomaterials is to recapitulate the native bone composition to which these materials are intended to replace. In addition to the mechanical and dimensional stability, bone repair scaffolds are needed to provide suitable microenvironments for cells. Therefore, scaffolds serve more than a mere structural template suggesting a need for better and interactive biomaterials. In this review article, we aim to provide a summary of the current materials used in bone tissue engineering. Due to the ever-increasing scientific publications on this topic, this review cannot be exhaustive; however, we attempted to provide readers with the latest advance without being redundant. Furthermore, every attempt is made to ensure that seminal works and significant research findings are included, with minimal bias. After a concise review of crystalline calcium phosphates and non-crystalline bioactive glasses, the remaining sections of the manuscript are focused on organic-inorganic hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aslankoohi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Dibakar Mondal
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Amin S Rizkalla
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
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13
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Granel H, Bossard C, Nucke L, Wauquier F, Rochefort GY, Guicheux J, Jallot E, Lao J, Wittrant Y. Optimized Bioactive Glass: the Quest for the Bony Graft. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801542. [PMID: 30941912 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances have provided surgeons with a wide range of biomaterials. Yet improvements are still to be made, especially for large bone defect treatment. Biomaterial scaffolds represent a promising alternative to autologous bone grafts but in spite of the numerous studies carried out on this subject, no biomaterial scaffold is yet completely satisfying. Bioactive glass (BAG) presents many qualifying characteristics but they are brittle and their combination with a plastic polymer appears essential to overcome this drawback. Recent advances have allowed the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid scaffolds combining the osteogenic properties of BAG and the plastic characteristics of polymers. Such biomaterials can now be obtained at room temperature allowing organic doping of the glass/polymer network for a homogeneous delivery of the doping agent. Despite these new avenues, further studies are required to highlight the biological properties of these materials and particularly their behavior once implanted in vivo. This review focuses on BAG with a particular interest in their combination with polymers to form organic-inorganic hybrids for the design of innovative graft strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Granel
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne F‐63009 Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition HumaineClermont Université BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Cédric Bossard
- CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de ClermontUniversité Clermont Auvergne BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Lisa Nucke
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐RossendorfInstitute of Ressource Ecology‐Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Fabien Wauquier
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne F‐63009 Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition HumaineClermont Université BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Gael Y. Rochefort
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Paris Descartes, EA2496, Laboratoires PathologiesImagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales 1 rue Maurice Arnoux 92120 Montrouge France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeSRegenerative Medicine and SkeletonUniversité de Nantes, Oniris Nantes, F‐44042 France
- UFR OdontologieUniversité de Nantes Nantes, F‐44042, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONNNantes, F‐44093, France
| | - Edouard Jallot
- CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de ClermontUniversité Clermont Auvergne BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Jonathan Lao
- CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de ClermontUniversité Clermont Auvergne BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne F‐63009 Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition HumaineClermont Université BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
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14
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McLaren JS, Macri-Pellizzeri L, Hossain KMZ, Patel U, Grant DM, Scammell BE, Ahmed I, Sottile V. Porous Phosphate-Based Glass Microspheres Show Biocompatibility, Tissue Infiltration, and Osteogenic Onset in an Ovine Bone Defect Model. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15436-15446. [PMID: 30990301 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate-based glasses (PBGs) are bioactive and fully degradable materials with tailorable degradation rates. PBGs can be produced as porous microspheres through a single-step process, using changes in their formulation and geometry to produce varying pore sizes and interconnectivity for use in a range of applications, including biomedical use. Calcium phosphate PBGs have recently been proposed as orthobiologics, based on their in vitro cytocompatibility and ion release profile. In this study, porous microspheres made of two PBG formulations either containing TiO2 (P40Ti) or without (P40) were implanted in vivo in a large animal model of bone defect. The biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of these porous materials were assessed 13 weeks postimplantation in sheep and compared to empty defects and autologous bone grafts used as negative and positive controls. Histological analysis showed marked differences between the two formulations, as lower trabeculae-like interconnection and higher fatty bone marrow content were observed in the faster degrading P40-implanted defects, while the slower degrading P40Ti material promoted dense interconnected tissue. Autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC) was also incorporated within the P40 and P40Ti microspheres in some defects; however, no significant differences were observed in comparison to microspheres implanted alone. Both formulations induced the formation of a collagen-enriched matrix, from 20 to 40% for P40 and P40Ti2.5 groups, suggesting commitment toward the bone lineage. With the faster degrading P40 formulation, mineralization of the tissue matrix was observed both with and without BMC. Some lymphocyte-like cells and foreign body multinucleated giant cells were observed with P40Ti2.5, suggesting that this more durable formulation might be linked to an inflammatory response. In conclusion, these first in vivo results indicate that PBG microspheres could be useful candidates for bone repair and regenerative medicine strategies and highlight the role of material degradation in the process of tissue formation and maturation.
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15
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Burova I, Peticone C, De Silva Thompson D, Knowles JC, Wall I, Shipley RJ. A parameterised mathematical model to elucidate osteoblast cell growth in a phosphate-glass microcarrier culture. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419830264. [PMID: 30858965 PMCID: PMC6402060 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419830264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has the potential to augment bone grafting. Employing microcarriers as cell-expansion vehicles is a promising bottom-up bone tissue engineering strategy. Here we propose a collaborative approach between experimental work and mathematical modelling to develop protocols for growing microcarrier-based engineered constructs of clinically relevant size. Experiments in 96-well plates characterise cell growth with the model human cell line MG-63 using four phosphate glass microcarrier materials. Three of the materials are doped with 5 mol% TiO2 and contain 0%, 2% or 5% CoO, and the fourth material is doped only with 7% TiO2 (0% CoO). A mathematical model of cell growth is parameterised by finding material-specific growth coefficients through data-fitting against these experiments. The parameterised mathematical model offers more insight into the material performance by comparing culture outcome against clinically relevant criteria: maximising final cell number starting with the lowest cell number in the shortest time frame. Based on this analysis, material 7% TiO2 is identified as the most promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Burova
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carlotta Peticone
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ivan Wall
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Aston Medical Research Institute and School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebecca J Shipley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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16
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Physical properties and biocompatibility effects of doping SiO2 and TiO2 into phosphate-based glass for bone tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:271-280. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328218788832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate glass is continuing to gain more attention as potential bone substitutes. The ternary (P2O5-CaO-Na2O) is investigated in terms of both physical properties and biocompatibility by doping different percentages of SiO2 and TiO2. Two groups were prepared; the first has different percentages of TiO2 and SiO2, whereas the second group compositions have 5 mol% TiO2 and 5 mol% SiO2 being added to compensate the network-forming oxide P2O5 and the network-modifying oxide CaO. Density, mass loss, pH, DTA, XRD, and cation release experiments were performed to study the physicochemical properties of the compositions, while MG63 and hMS cells were used within in vitro cell culture to study their biocompatibility. Results showed that an increase in TiO2 content correlated with an increase in glass density, decreased mass loss, increased trend of Tg and Tm values, and Na+ and Ca2+ release in group 1. There was no improvement in the MG63 viability or the ability of hMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts where TiO2 decreased in favour of SiO2. Furthermore, in group 2, 50P2O5–25CaO was less dense than 45P2O5–30CaO, degraded dramatically less, had lower Tg and Tm values and released less Na+ and Ca(2+). The synergistic effect of doping 5 mol% TiO2 and 5 mol% SiO2 increased the MG63 viability in both compositions and was found 45P2O5–30CaO to have promising results in terms of the ability of hMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts. To conclude, substituting TiO2 in place of SiO2 improved the physical properties and the biocompatibility of (P2O5-CaO-Na2O) glass system, whereas doping 5 mol% SiO2 and 5 mol% TiO2 together in place of P2O5 and CaO had a synergistic effect in controlling their degradation rate and improving their biological responses.
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17
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Gupta D, Hossain KMZ, Ahmed I, Sottile V, Grant DM. Flame-Spheroidized Phosphate-Based Glass Particles with Improved Characteristics for Applications in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture Therapy and Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25972-25982. [PMID: 30011175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical formulation of phosphate-based glasses (PBGs) can be tailored to fit particular end applications such as bone tissue engineering. While most reports to date have evaluated the effect of PBG chemical formulation on bone cells, this study specifically explored the manufacturing process, the changes in physical and chemical properties of PBG particles after flame spheroidization, and subsequent effects on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a prime cell type for regenerative medicine applications. Flame spheroidization involves feeding irregular PBG particles (microparticles, MP) into a hot flame, causing them to melt and mold into solid spherical PBG particles (microspheres, MS). The laser diffraction analysis showed an increase in the volume-weighted mean diameter of particles from 48 to 139 μm after spheroidization and also revealed changes in the chemical composition of smaller MS (< 45 μm in size), whereas MS in other size ranges did not show significantly different chemical composition compared to MP. Additionally, some air bubbles were entrapped inside particles during spheroidization, causing a 2% drop in relative density of MS. However, the packing density of MS was 30% higher than that of MP. Culture of hMSCs on the particles showed significant improvement in cell spreading on MS compared to that on MP and nearly 2 times higher cell metabolic activity after 7 days of culture, suggesting that MS provided a more favorable support and geometry for hMSC attachment and growth for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanak Gupta
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Kazi M Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - David M Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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18
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Ciraldo FE, Boccardi E, Melli V, Westhauser F, Boccaccini AR. Tackling bioactive glass excessive in vitro bioreactivity: Preconditioning approaches for cell culture tests. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:3-10. [PMID: 29772346 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are being increasingly considered for biomedical applications in bone and soft tissue replacement approaches thanks to their ability to form strong bonding with tissues. However, due to their high reactivity once in contact with water-based solutions BGs rapidly exchange ions with the surrounding environment leading in most cases to an undesired increase of the pH under static in vitro conditions (due to alkaline ion "burst release"), making difficult or even impossible to perform cell culture studies. Several pre-conditioning treatments have been therefore proposed in laboratories worldwide to limit this problem. This paper presents an overview of the different strategies that have been put forward to pre-treat BG samples to tackle the pH raise issue in order to enable cell biology studies. The paper also discusses the relevant criteria that determine the selection of the optimal pre-treatment depending on the BG composition and morphology (e.g. particles, scaffolds). STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Bioactive glasses (BGs), since their discovery in 1971 by L.L Hench, have been widely used for bone replacement and repair, and, more recently, they are becoming highly attractive for bone and soft tissue engineering applications. BGs have in fact the ability to form a strong bond with both hard and soft tissues once in contact with biological fluid. The enhanced interaction of BGs with the biological environment is based on their significant surface bioreactivity. This surface effect of BGs is, on the other hand, problematic for cell biology studies by standard (static) cell culture methods: an excessive bioreactivity leads in most cases to a rapid and dramatic increase of the pH of the surrounding medium, which results in cell death and makes cell culture tests on BG samples impossible. The BG research community has been aware of this for many years and numerous pre-treatments have been proposed by different groups worldwide to limit this problem. For the first time, we have reviewed in this paper the variety of surface preconditioning treatments that have been put forward over the years, we provide a summary of such pre-treatments used in laboratory practice, discussing and offering criteria that can be used for the determination of the optimal pre-treatment depending on BG composition and morphology of the sample tested (bulk, particulate, scaffolds). The information and discussion provided in this review should support best research practice when testing bioactive glasses in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca E Ciraldo
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elena Boccardi
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Virginia Melli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta'. Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabian Westhauser
- Centre of Orthopaedics, Traumatology, and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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19
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Gupta D, Grant DM, Zakir Hossain KM, Ahmed I, Sottile V. Role of geometrical cues in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell survival, growth and osteogenic differentiation. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:906-919. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328217745699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanak Gupta
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - David M Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Kazi M Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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20
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Effect of the Chemical Composition of Simulated Body Fluids on Aerogel-Based Bioactive Composites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs1020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Cytocompatibility studies of titania-doped calcium borosilicate bioactive glasses in-vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:772-779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Peticone C, De Silva Thompson D, Owens GJ, Kim HW, Micheletti M, Knowles JC, Wall I. Towards modular bone tissue engineering using Ti–Co-doped phosphate glass microspheres: cytocompatibility and dynamic culture studies. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:295-310. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328217720812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The production of large quantities of functional vascularized bone tissue ex vivo still represent an unmet clinical challenge. Microcarriers offer a potential solution to scalable manufacture of bone tissue due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio and the capacity to be assembled using a modular approach. Microcarriers made of phosphate bioactive glass doped with titanium dioxide have been previously shown to enhance proliferation of osteoblast progenitors and maturation towards functional osteoblasts. Furthemore, doping with cobalt appears to mimic hypoxic conditions that have a key role in promoting angiogenesis. This characteristic could be exploited to meet the clinical requirement of producing vascularized units of bone tissue. In the current study, the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was cultured on phosphate glass microspheres doped with 5% mol titanium dioxide and different concentrations of cobalt oxide (0%, 2% and 5% mol), under static and dynamic conditions (150 and 300 rpm on an orbital shaker). Cell proliferation and the formation of aggregates of cells and microspheres were observed over a period of two weeks in all glass compositions, thus confirming the biocompatibility of the substrate and the suitability of this system for the formation of compact micro-units of tissue. At the concentrations tested, cobalt was not found to be cytotoxic and did not alter cell metabolism. On the other hand, the dynamic environment played a key role, with moderate agitation having a positive effect on cell proliferation while higher agitation resulting in impaired cell growth. Finally, in static culture assays, the capacity of cobalt doping to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upregulation by osteoblastic cells was observed, but was not found to increase linearly with cobalt oxide content. In conclusion, Ti–Co phosphate glasses were found to support osteoblastic cell growth and aggregate formation that is a necessary precursor to tissue formation and the upregaulation of VEGF production can potentially support vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Peticone
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - David De Silva Thompson
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Gareth J Owens
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & Institute for Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Martina Micheletti
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & Institute for Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, UCL Campus, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Ivan Wall
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Bernard Katz Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & Institute for Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, UCL Campus, Gower Street, London, UK
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23
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Sachot N, Roguska A, Planell JA, Lewandowska M, Engel E, Castaño O. Fast-degrading PLA/ORMOGLASS fibrous composite scaffold leads to a calcium-rich angiogenic environment. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4901-4919. [PMID: 28744124 PMCID: PMC5513849 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s135806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of scaffold implantation in acellular tissue engineering approaches relies on the ability of the material to interact properly with the biological environment. This behavior mainly depends on the design of the graft surface and, more precisely, on its capacity to biodegrade in a well-defined manner (nature of ions released, surface-to-volume ratio, dissolution profile of this release, rate of material resorption, and preservation of mechanical properties). The assessment of the biological behavior of temporary templates is therefore very important in tissue engineering, especially for composites, which usually exhibit complicated degradation behavior. Here, blended polylactic acid (PLA) calcium phosphate ORMOGLASS (organically modified glass) nanofibrous mats have been incubated up to 4 weeks in physiological simulated conditions, and their morphological, topographical, and chemical changes have been investigated. The results showed that a significant loss of inorganic phase occurred at the beginning of the immersion and the ORMOGLASS maintained a stable composition afterward throughout the degradation period. As a whole, the nanostructured scaffolds underwent fast and heterogeneous degradation. This study reveals that an angiogenic calcium-rich environment can be achieved through fast-degrading ORMOGLASS/PLA blended fibers, which seems to be an excellent alternative for guided bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Sachot
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Agata Roguska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Josep Anton Planell
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Malgorzata Lewandowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
| | - Oscar Castaño
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
- Department of Engineerings: Electronics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Wang Z, Ma Y, Wei J, Chen X, Cao L, Weng W, Li Q, Guo H, Su J. Effects of sintering temperature on surface morphology/microstructure, in vitro degradability, mineralization and osteoblast response to magnesium phosphate as biomedical material. Sci Rep 2017; 7:823. [PMID: 28400583 PMCID: PMC5429756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium phosphate (MP) was fabricated using a chemical precipitation method, and the biological performances of MP sintered at different temperatures as a biomedical material was investigated. The results indicated that the densification and crystallinity of MP increased as the sintering temperature increased. As the sintering temperature increased, the degradability of MP in PBS decreased, and the mineralization ability in SBF significantly increased. In addition, the MP sintered at 800 °C (MP8) possessed the lowest degradability and highest mineralization ability. Moreover, the positive response of MG63 cells to MP significantly increased as the sintering temperature increased, and MP8 significantly promoted the cell spreading, proliferation, differentiation and expressions of osteogenic differentiation-related genes. Faster degradation of MP0 resulted in higher pH environments and ion concentrations, which led to negative responses to osteoblasts. However, the appropriate degradation of MP8 resulted in suitable pH environments and ion concentrations, which led to positive responses to osteoblasts. This study demonstrated that the sintering temperature substantially affected the surface morphology/microstructure, degradability and mineralization, and osteoblasts response to magnesium phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuhai Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Armed Police Corps Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310051, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liehu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weizong Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Han Guo
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P.R. China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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25
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Islam MT, Felfel RM, Abou Neel EA, Grant DM, Ahmed I, Hossain KMZ. Bioactive calcium phosphate-based glasses and ceramics and their biomedical applications: A review. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417719170. [PMID: 28794848 PMCID: PMC5524250 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417719170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An overview of the formation of calcium phosphate under in vitro environment on the surface of a range of bioactive materials (e.g. from silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses, glass-ceramics, bioceramics to metals) based on recent literature is presented in this review. The mechanism of bone-like calcium phosphate (i.e. hydroxyapatite) formation and the test protocols that are either already in use or currently being investigated for the evaluation of the bioactivity of biomaterials are discussed. This review also highlights the effect of chemical composition and surface charge of materials, types of medium (e.g. simulated body fluid, phosphate-buffered saline and cell culture medium) and test parameters on their bioactivity performance. Finally, a brief summary of the biomedical applications of these newly formed calcium phosphate (either in the form of amorphous or apatite) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Towhidul Islam
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Reda M Felfel
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ensanya A Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kazi M Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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26
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Sachot N, Castaño O, Oliveira H, Martí-Muñoz J, Roguska A, Amedee J, Lewandowska M, Planell JA, Engel E. A novel hybrid nanofibrous strategy to target progenitor cells for cost-effective in situ angiogenesis. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6967-6978. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ti-doped calcium phosphate ormoglasses combined with biodegradable PLA promote an efficient and low-cost angiogenesis by the generation of high Ca2+concentrated interfaces that induce a high yield of tubulogenesis, with the gain in interface–cell interaction and instructivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Sachot
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería
| | - O. Castaño
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería
| | - H. Oliveira
- Inserm U1026
- Tissue Bioengineering
- University of Bordeaux
- 33076 Bordeaux
- France
| | - J. Martí-Muñoz
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería
| | - A. Roguska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - J. Amedee
- Inserm U1026
- Tissue Bioengineering
- University of Bordeaux
- 33076 Bordeaux
- France
| | - M. Lewandowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 02-507 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - J. A. Planell
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería
| | - E. Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería
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Development of microspheres for biomedical applications: a review. Prog Biomater 2014; 4:1-19. [PMID: 29470791 PMCID: PMC5151111 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-014-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An overview of microspheres manufactured for use in biomedical applications based on recent literature is presented in this review. Different types of glasses (i.e. silicate, borate, and phosphates), ceramics and polymer-based microspheres (both natural and synthetic) in the form of porous , non-porous and hollow structures that are either already in use or are currently being investigated within the biomedical area are discussed. The advantages of using microspheres in applications such as drug delivery, bone tissue engineering and regeneration, absorption and desorption of substances, kinetic release of the loaded drug components are also presented. This review also reports on the preparation and characterisation methodologies used for the manufacture of these microspheres. Finally, a brief summary of the existing challenges associated with processing these microspheres which requires further research and development are presented.
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Asif IM, Shelton RM, Cooper PR, Addison O, Martin RA. In vitro bioactivity of titanium-doped bioglass. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1865-1873. [PMID: 24801063 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that incorporating relatively small quantities of titanium dioxide into bioactive glasses may result in an increase in bioactivity and hydroxyapatite formation. The present work therefore investigated the in vitro bioactivity of a titanium doped bioglass and compared the results with 45S5 bioglass. Apatite formation was evaluated for bioglass and Ti-bioglass in the presence and absence of foetal calf serum. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were used to evaluate the surface development and energy dispersive X-ray measurements provided information on the elemental ratios. X-ray diffraction spectra confirmed the presence of apatite formation. Cell viability was assessed for bone marrow stromal cells under direct and indirect contact conditions and cell adhesion was assessed using SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran M Asif
- Biomaterials Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Osteoblastic differentiation under controlled bioactive ion release by silica and titania doped sodium-free calcium phosphate-based glass. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 121:82-91. [PMID: 24945606 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-free phosphate-based glasses (PGs) doped with both SiO2 and TiO2 (50P2O5-40CaO-xSiO2-(10-x)TiO2, where x=10, 7, 5, 3, and 0mol%) were developed and characterised for controlled ion release applications in bone tissue engineering. Substituting SiO2 with TiO2 directly increased PG density and glass transition temperature, indicating a cross-linking effect of Ti on the glass network which was reflected by significantly reduced degradation rates in an aqueous environment. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of Ti(P2O7) in crystallised TiO2-containing PGs, and nuclear magnetic resonance showed an increase in Q(1) phosphate species with increasing TiO2 content. Substitution of SiO2 with TiO2 also reduced hydrophilicity and surface energy. In biological assays, MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts effectively adhered to the surface of PG discs and the incorporation of TiO2, and hence higher stability of the PG network, significantly increased cell viability and metabolic activity indicating the biocompatibility of the PGs. Addition of SiO2 increased ionic release from the PG, which stimulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in MC3T3-E1 cells upon ion exposure. The incorporation of 3mol% TiO2 was required to stabilise the PG network against unfavourable rapid degradation in aqueous environments. However, ALP activity was greatest in PGs doped with 5-7mol% SiO2 due to up-regulation of ionic concentrations. Thus, the properties of PGs can be readily controlled by modifying the extent of Si and Ti doping in order to optimise ion release and osteoblastic differentiation for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Zadpoor AA. Relationship between in vitro apatite-forming ability measured using simulated body fluid and in vivo bioactivity of biomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 35:134-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abou Neel EA, Chrzanowski W, Knowles JC. Biological performance of titania containing phosphate-based glasses for bone tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 35:307-13. [PMID: 24411382 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between glass chemistry, structure, degradation kinetics, and biological activity provides flexibility for the development of scaffolds with highly specific cellular response. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the role of titania inclusion into the phosphate-based glass on its ability to stimulate osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells to adhere, proliferate and differentiate. In depth morphological and biochemical characterisation was performed on HOS cells cultured on the surface of glass discs. Cell proliferation was also studied in the presence of the glass extract. Cell differentiation, through osteoblast phenotype genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin production, was carried out using normal or osteogenic media. Both Thermanox® and titania free glass were used as controls. The data demonstrated that titania inclusion provides desired cytocompatible surface that supported initial cell attachment, sustained viability, and increased cell proliferation similar or significantly higher than Thermanox®. The modified glasses regulated osteoblastic cell differentiation as detected by osteoblast phenotype gene transcription and upregulated ALP and osteocalcin expression. Using osteogenic media had no significant effect on ALP activity and osteocalcin expression. Therefore, titania modified phosphate glasses may have future use as bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya Ali Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Conservative Dental Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy and Bank Building, NSW2006, Australia; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Reserch Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Campbell Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Reserch Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Shah R, Knowles JC, Hunt NP, Lewis MP. Development of a novel smart scaffold for human skeletal muscle regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:162-71. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishma Shah
- Orthodontic Unit and Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK and WCU Research Centre of Nanobiomedical Science; Dankook University; Chungnam South Korea
| | - Nigel P. Hunt
- Orthodontic Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | - Mark P. Lewis
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Musculoskeletal Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences; Loughborough University, Loughborough and Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
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33
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Kim SM, Jo JH, Lee SM, Kang MH, Kim HE, Estrin Y, Lee JH, Lee JW, Koh YH. Hydroxyapatite-coated magnesium implants with improvedin vitroandin vivobiocorrosion, biocompatibility, and bone response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:429-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Mi Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; WCU Hybrid Materials Program; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; WCU Hybrid Materials Program; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Mi Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; WCU Hybrid Materials Program; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; WCU Hybrid Materials Program; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; WCU Hybrid Materials Program; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Estrin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; WCU Hybrid Materials Program; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Engineering; Centre for Advanced Hybrid Materials; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Seoul 110-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Seoul 110-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hag Koh
- Department of Dental Laboratory Science and Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 136-703 Republic of Korea
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34
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Kaur G, Pandey O, Singh K, Homa D, Scott B, Pickrell G. A review of bioactive glasses: Their structure, properties, fabrication and apatite formation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:254-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurbinder Kaur
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
| | - O.P. Pandey
- School of Physics and Materials Science; Thapar University; Patiala-147004, Punjab India
| | - K. Singh
- School of Physics and Materials Science; Thapar University; Patiala-147004, Punjab India
| | - Dan Homa
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
| | - Brian Scott
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
| | - Gary Pickrell
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
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35
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Lakhkar NJ, Lee IH, Kim HW, Salih V, Wall IB, Knowles JC. Bone formation controlled by biologically relevant inorganic ions: role and controlled delivery from phosphate-based glasses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:405-20. [PMID: 22664230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of metal ions in the body and particularly in the formation, regulation and maintenance of bone is only just starting to be unravelled. The role of some ions, such as zinc, is more clearly understood due to its central importance in proteins. However, a whole spectrum of other ions is known to affect bone formation but the exact mechanism is unclear as the effects can be complex, multifactorial and also subtle. Furthermore, a significant number of studies utilise single doses in cell culture medium, whereas the continual, sustained release of an ion may initiate and mediate a completely different response. We have reviewed the role of the most significant ions that are known to play a role in bone formation, namely calcium, zinc, strontium, magnesium, boron, titanium and also phosphate anions as well as copper and its role in angiogenesis, an important process interlinked with osteogenesis. This review will also examine how delivery systems may offer an alternative way of providing sustained release of these ions which may effect and potentiate a more appropriate and rapid tissue response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay J Lakhkar
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Rd, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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36
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Lee IH, Yu HS, Lakhkar NJ, Kim HW, Gong MS, Knowles JC, Wall IB. Development, characterisation and biocompatibility testing of a cobalt-containing titanium phosphate-based glass for engineering of vascularized hard tissues. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2104-12. [PMID: 23498238 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a continuing need to develop scaffold materials that can promote vascularisation throughout the tissue engineered construct. This study investigated the effect of cobalt oxide (CoO) doped into titanium phosphate glasses on material properties, biocompatibility and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by osteoblastic MG63 cells. Glasses composed of (P2O5)45(Na2O)20(TiO2)05(CaO)30-x(CoO)x(x=0, 5, 10, and 15 mol%) were fabricated and the effect of Co on physicochemical properties including density, glass transition temperature (Tg), degradation rate, ion release, and pH changes was assessed. The results showed that incorporation of CoO into the glass system produced an increase in density with little change in Tg. It was then confirmed that the pH did not change significantly when CoO was incorporated in the glass, and stayed constant at around 6.5-7.0 throughout the dissolution study period of 336 h. Ion release results followed a specific pattern with increasing amounts of CoO. In general, although incorporation of CoO into a titanium phosphate glass increased its density, other bulk and surface properties of the glass did not show any significant changes. Cell culture studies performed using MG63 cells over a 7-day period indicated that the glasses provide a stable surface for cell attachment and are biocompatible. Furthermore, VEGF secretion was significantly enhanced on all glasses compared with standard tissue culture plastic and Co doping enhanced this effect further. In conclusion, the developed Co-doped glasses are stable and biocompatible and thus offer enhanced potential for engineering vascularized tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
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37
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Lakhkar NJ, Park JH, Mordan NJ, Salih V, Wall IB, Kim HW, King SP, Hanna JV, Martin RA, Addison O, Mosselmans JFW, Knowles JC. Titanium phosphate glass microspheres for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4181-90. [PMID: 22835676 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the successful production of titanium phosphate glass microspheres in the size range of ∼10-200 μm using an inexpensive, efficient, easily scalable process and assessed their use in bone tissue engineering applications. Glasses of the following compositions were prepared by melt-quench techniques: 0.5P₂O₅-0.4CaO-(0.1-x)Na₂O-xTiO₂, where x=0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mol fraction (denoted as Ti3, Ti5 and Ti7 respectively). Several characterization studies such as differential thermal analysis, degradation (performed using a novel time lapse imaging technique) and pH and ion release measurements revealed significant densification of the glass structure with increased incorporation of TiO₂ in the glass from 3 to 5 mol.%, although further TiO₂ incorporation up to 7 mol.% did not affect the glass structure to the same extent. Cell culture studies performed using MG63 cells over a 7-day period clearly showed the ability of the microspheres to provide a stable surface for cell attachment, growth and proliferation. Taken together, the results confirm that 5 mol.% TiO₂ glass microspheres, on account of their relative ease of preparation and favourable biocompatibility, are worthy candidates for use as substrate materials in bone tissue engineering applications.
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38
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Guedes JC, Park JH, Lakhkar NJ, Kim HW, Knowles JC, Wall IB. TiO₂-doped phosphate glass microcarriers: a stable bioactive substrate for expansion of adherent mammalian cells. J Biomater Appl 2012; 28:3-11. [PMID: 22935537 PMCID: PMC4107757 DOI: 10.1177/0885328212459093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Scalable expansion of cells for regenerative cell therapy or to produce large quantities for high-throughput screening remains a challenge for bioprocess engineers. Laboratory scale cell expansion using t-flasks requires frequent passaging that exposes cells to many poorly defined bioprocess forces that can cause damage or alter their phenotype. Microcarriers offer a potential solution to scalable production, lending themselves to cell culture processes more akin to fermentation, removing the need for frequent passaging throughout the expansion period. One main problem with microcarrier expansion, however, is the difficulty in harvesting cells at the end of the process. Therefore, therapies that rely on cell delivery using biomaterial scaffolds could benefit from a microcarrier expansion system whereby the cells and microcarriers are transplanted together. In the current study, we used bioactive glass microcarriers doped with 5% TiO₂ that display a controlled rate of degradation and conducted experiments to assess biocompatibility and growth of primary fibroblast cells as a model for cell therapy products. We found that the microcarriers are highly biocompatible and facilitate cell growth in a gradual controlled manner. Therefore, even without additional biofunctionalization methods, Ti-doped bioactive glass microcarriers offer potential as a cell expansion platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Guedes
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, UK
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39
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Kiani A, Lakhkar NJ, Salih V, Smith ME, Hanna JV, Newport RJ, Pickup DM, Knowles JC. Titanium-containing bioactive phosphate glasses. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:1352-1375. [PMID: 22349246 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomaterials has revolutionized the biomedical field and has received substantial attention in the last two decades. Among the various types of biomaterials, phosphate glasses have generated great interest on account of their remarkable bioactivity and favourable physical properties for various biomedical applications relating to both hard and soft tissue regeneration. This review paper focuses mainly on the development of titanium-containing phosphate-based glasses and presents an overview of the structural and physical properties. The effect of titanium incorporation on the glassy network is to introduce favourable properties. The biocompatibility of these glasses is described along with recent developments in processing methodologies, and the potential of Ti-containing phosphate-based glasses as a bone substitute material is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kiani
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
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40
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Vitale-Brovarone C, Novajra G, Lousteau J, Milanese D, Raimondo S, Fornaro M. Phosphate glass fibres and their role in neuronal polarization and axonal growth direction. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1125-36. [PMID: 22134161 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate glass fibres with composition 50P(2)O(5)-30CaO-9Na(2)O-3SiO(2)-3MgO-(5-x)K(2)O-xTiO(2)mol.% (x=0, 2.5, 5, respectively coded as TiPS(0), TiPS(2.5) and TiPS(5)) were drawn following the preform drawing approach. A 20-day solubility test in bi-distilled water was carried out on glass fibres with different compositions and diameters ranging between 25 and 82 μm. The results show that the glass composition, the initial fibre diameter and the thermal treatment are the main factors influencing the dissolution kinetics and that the fibres maintain their structural integrity and composition during dissolution. Biological tests were carried out on aligned TiPS(2.5) glass fibres using Neonatal Olfactory Bulb Ensheathing Cell Line (NOBEC) and Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) neurons. The fibres showed to be permissive substrates for cell adhesion and proliferation. The aligned configuration of the fibres seemed to provide a directional cue for growing axons of DRG neurons, which showed to sprout and grow long neurites along the fibre axis direction. These promising findings encourages further studies to evaluate the potential use of resorbable glass fibres (e.g.in combination with a nerve guidance tube) for the enhancement of the peripheral nerve healing with the role of supporting and guiding the cells involved in the nerve regeneration.
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41
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Mohammadi MS, Ahmed I, Muja N, Rudd CD, Bureau MN, Nazhat SN. Effect of phosphate-based glass fibre surface properties on thermally produced poly(lactic acid) matrix composites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2659-2672. [PMID: 22002512 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of soluble bioactive glass fibres into biodegradable polymers is an interesting approach for bone repair and regeneration. However, the glass composition and its surface properties significantly affect the nature of the fibre-matrix interface and composite properties. Herein, the effect of Si and Fe on the surface properties of calcium containing phosphate based glasses (PGs) in the system (50P(2)O(5)-40CaO-(10-x)SiO(2)-xFe(2)O(3), where x = 0, 5 and 10 mol.%) were investigated. Contact angle measurements revealed a higher surface energy, and surface polarity as well as increased hydrophilicity for Si doped PG which may account for the presence of surface hydroxyl groups. Two PG formulations, 50P(2)O(5)-40CaO-10Fe(2)O(3) (Fe10) and 50P(2)O(5)-40CaO-5Fe(2)O(3)-5SiO(2) (Fe5Si5), were melt drawn into fibres and randomly incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) produced by melt processing. The ageing in deionised water (DW), mechanical property changes in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cytocompatibility properties of these composites were investigated. In contrast to Fe10 and as a consequence of the higher surface energy and polarity of Fe5Si5, its incorporation into PLA led to increased inorganic/organic interaction indicated by a reduction in the carbonyl group of the matrix. PLA chain scission was confirmed by a greater reduction in its molecular weight in PLA-Fe5Si5 composites. In DW, the dissolution rate of PLA-Fe5Si5 was significantly higher than that of PLA-Fe10. Dissolution of the glass fibres resulted in the formation of channels within the matrix. Initial flexural strength was significantly increased through PGF incorporation. After PBS ageing, the reduction in mechanical properties was greater for PLA-Fe5Si5 compared to PLA-Fe10. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts seeded onto PG discs, PLA and PLA-PGF composites were evaluated for up to 7 days indicating that the materials were generally cytocompatible. In addition, cell alignment along the PGF orientation was observed showing cell preference towards PGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Shah Mohammadi
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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42
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Novajra G, Vitale-Brovarone C, Knowles JC, Maina G, Aina V, Ghigo D, Bergandi L. Effects of TiO2-containing phosphate glasses on solubility and in vitro biocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:295-306. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Baino F, Vitale-Brovarone C. Three-dimensional glass-derived scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Current trends and forecasts for the future. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 97:514-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Novel phosphate glasses with different amounts of TiO2 for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Abou Neel EA, Chrzanowski W, Georgiou G, Dalby MJ, Knowles JC. In vitro biocompatibility and mechanical performance of titanium doped high calcium oxide metaphosphate-based glasses. J Tissue Eng 2010; 2010:390127. [PMID: 21350644 PMCID: PMC3042677 DOI: 10.4061/2010/390127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study challenged to produce phosphate-based glasses (PBG) for the treatment of osseous defects. The glasses contained, among other components, 40 mol% CaO and 1–5 mol% TiO2. The mechanical performance and in vitro biocompatibility using both human osteosarcoma and primary osteoblasts were carried out. Incorporation of TiO2 into PBG had no significant effect on strength and modulus. These glasses encouraged attachment and maintained high viability of osteosarcoma cells similar to the positive control surface. Cells grown directly (on glasses) or indirectly (in the presence of glass extracts) showed similar proliferation pattern to the positive control cells with no significant effect of TiO2 detected. Increasing TiO2 content, however, has a profound effect on cytoskeleton organization and spreading and maturation of primary osteoblasts. It is believed that TiO2 might have acted as a chemical cue-modulating cells response, and hence the substrates supported maturation/mineralization of the primary osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya A Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
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46
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Chrzanowski W, Neel EAA, Armitage DA, Zhao X, Knowles JC, Salih V. In vitro studies on the influence of surface modification of Ni-Ti alloy on human bone cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:1596-608. [PMID: 20024896 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro cell behavior on Nitinol after different surface treatments was investigated. As references samples, commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and bioactive titanium were used. The surface treatments influenced the topography, surface energy, crystallographic structure, ion release, chemistry, and ability to form apatite layer from simulated body fluids. Regardless of the surface treatment, the bioactivity study showed that the kinetics of apatite film formation was similar for all tested samples. No clear indication of the surface characteristics influence on the ability for calcium-phosphate precipitation was evident. Cell activity studies showed that ground nickel titanium, spark oxidized and thermally oxidized (at 400 degrees C and below) had higher cellular activity and caused increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) expression which was comparable to control tissue culture plastic and titanium reference samples. Regardless of surface modifications, preimmersion of the samples in media for 72 h resulted in cell proliferation at the same level for all samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that preconditioning of samples alters surface properties and modulates the cell response regardless of the initial surface treatment and its properties. Moreover, a detrimental effect on cell response was observed after 7 and 14 days in culture for alkali treated samples. This was attributed to a high surface nickel concentration and a high nickel ion release rate from these surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, WC1 X8LD, London, United Kingdom
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Modulation of polycaprolactone composite properties through incorporation of mixed phosphate glass formulations. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3157-68. [PMID: 20206722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate-based glasses (PGs) and their composites are of interest as bone repair and tissue engineering scaffolds due to the totally degradable nature of the materials. This study has investigated the effect of Si and Fe on the properties of PG particulate-filled polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix composites. Two glass compositions were investigated (mol.%): 50P(2)O(5), 40CaO and 10SiO(2) or Fe(2)O(3) (Si(10) and Fe(10), respectively). All composites contained 40 vol.% particulate filler, either Si(10), Fe(10), or a blend (40Si(10)/0Fe(10), 30Si(10)/10Fe(10), 20Si(10)/20Fe(10), 10Si(10)/30Fe(10) or 0Si(10)/40Fe(10)). Ion release, weight loss and composite mechanical properties were characterised as a function of time in deionised water (DW) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), respectively. The potential for calcium phosphate deposition was assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF). Calcium and phosphate ion release in DW increased in tandem with the rate of composite weight loss, which increased with Si(10) content. A Si(10) content dependent rate of pH reduction was observed in DW. After 56 days the PG in the 40Si(10)/0Fe(10) composite was completely dissolved, whereas 67% of that in the 0Si(10)/40Fe(10) composite remained. The initial flexural strength of 40Si(10)/0Fe(10) composites was significantly lower when compared with the other materials. An increase in Si(10) content led to an increase in Young's modulus and a concomitant decrease in flexural strain. It was found that the PCL molecular weight (M(w)) decreased dramatically with increasing Si(10) content. FTIR analysis showed that Si incorporation into PG led to reaction with the PCL ester bonds, resulting in a reduction in PCL M(w) when processed at elevated temperatures. Changes in mechanical properties with time in PBS were glass blend dependent and a more rapid rate of reduction was observed in higher Si(10) content composites. After 28 days in SBF surface deposited brushite was formed in 20Si(10)/20Fe(10) PG containing composites. Thus, the properties of PCL-PG composites could be tailored by controlling the phosphate glass blend composition.
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Vitale-Brovarone C, Ciapetti G, Leonardi E, Baldini N, Bretcanu O, Verné E, Baino F. Resorbable glass-ceramic phosphate-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: synthesis, properties, and in vitro effects on human marrow stromal cells. J Biomater Appl 2010; 26:465-89. [PMID: 20566654 DOI: 10.1177/0885328210372149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly porous bioresorbable glass-ceramic scaffolds were prepared via sponge replication method by using an open-cell polyurethane foam as a template and phosphate-based glass powders. The glass, belonging to the P2O5-SiO2-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O system, was synthesized by a melting-quenching route, ground, and sieved to obtain powders with a grain size of less than 30 μm. A slurry containing glass powders, polyvinyl alcohol, and water was prepared to coat the polymeric template. The removal of the polymer and the sintering of the glass powders were performed by a thermal treatment, in order to obtain an inorganic replica of the template structure. The structure and properties of the scaffold were investigated from structural, morphological, and mechanical viewpoints by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, density measurements, image analysis, and compressive tests. The scaffolds exhibited a trabecular architecture that closely mimics the structure of a natural spongy bone. The solubility of the porous structures was assessed by soaking the samples in acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) and Tris-HCl for different time frames and then by assessing the scaffold weight loss. As far as the test in SBF is concerned, the nucleation of hydroxyapatite on the scaffold trabeculae demonstrates the bioactivity of the material. Biological tests were carried out using human bone marrow stromal cells to test the osteoconductivity of the material. The cells adhered to the scaffold struts and were metabolically active; it was found that cell differentiation over proliferation occurred. Therefore, the produced scaffolds, being biocompatible, bioactive, resorbable, and structurally similar to a spongy bone, can be proposed as interesting candidates for bone grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vitale-Brovarone
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
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Neel EAA, O'Dell LA, Chrzanowski W, Smith ME, Knowles JC. Control of surface free energy in titanium doped phosphate based glasses by co-doping with zinc. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 89:392-407. [PMID: 18837445 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To significantly improve the biocompatibility of titanium doped phosphate based glasses, codoping with zinc has been attempted. This study investigated the effect of doping a quaternary 15Na(2)O:30CaO:5TiO(2):50P(2)O(5) glass with zinc oxide (1, 3, and 5 mol %) on bulk, structural, surface, and biological properties; the results were compared with glasses free from ZnO and/or TiO(2). ZnO as adjunct to TiO(2) was effective in changing density, interchain bond forces, degradation behavior, and ions released from the degrading glasses. Incorporation of both TiO(2) and ZnO in T5Z1, T5Z3, and T5Z5 glasses reduced the level of Zn(2+) release by two to three orders of magnitude compared with glasses containing ZnO only (Z5). (31)P NMR results for T5Z1, T5Z3, and T5Z5 glasses showed the presence of Q(3) species suggesting that the TiO(2) is acting as a network former, and the phosphate network becomes slightly more connected with increasing ZnO incorporation. Regardless of their relative lower hydrophilicity and surface reactivity compared with the control glass free from TiO(2) and ZnO (T0Z0), these glasses have significantly higher surface reactivity compared with Thermanox. This has been also reflected in the maintenance of >98% viable Osteoblasts, proliferation rate, and expression level of osteoblastic marker genes in a comparable manner to Thermanox and T5 glasses, particularly T5Z1 and T5Z3 glasses. However, T0Z0 and Z5 glasses showed significantly reduced viability compared to Thermanox. Therefore, it can be concluded that ZnO doped titanium phosphate glasses, T5Z1 and T5Z3 in particular, can be promising substrates for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya Ali Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Austin O'Dell
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Edmund Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Campbell Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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Lakhkar NJ, Abou Neel EA, Salih V, Knowles JC. Strontium oxide doped quaternary glasses: effect on structure, degradation and cytocompatibility. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:1339-1346. [PMID: 19132501 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This preliminary study focuses on the effect of adding SrO to a Ti-containing quaternary phosphate glass system denoted by P(2)O(5)-Na(2)O-CaO-TiO(2). The following four different glass compositions were manufactured: 0.5P(2)O(5)-0.17Na(2)O-0.03TiO(2)-(0.3-x)CaO-xSrO where x = 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05. Structural characterisation revealed glass transition temperatures in the range 427-437 degrees C and the presence of sodium calcium phosphate as the dominant phase in all the glasses. Degradation and ion release studies conducted over a 15-day period revealed that the Sr-containing glasses showed significantly higher degradation and ion release rates than the Sr-free glass. Cytocompatibility studies performed over a 7-day period using MG63 cells showed that the addition of 5 mol% SrO yielded glasses with cell viability nearly equivalent to that observed for quaternary TiO(2) glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Lakhkar
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK
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