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Dnmt3a-Mediated DNA Methylation Changes Regulate Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs Cultivated in the 3D Scaffolds under Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4824209. [PMID: 31827676 PMCID: PMC6885223 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4824209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) caused by multiple factors occurs after the implantation of bone repair materials. DNA methylation plays an important role in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, recent studies suggest that DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) are involved in bone formation and resorption. However, the effect and mechanism of DNA methylation changes induced by OS on bone formation after implantation still remain unknown. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems are much closer to the real situation than traditional monolayer cell culture systems in mimicking the in vivo microenvironment. We have developed porous 3D scaffolds composed of mineralized collagen type I, which mimics the composition of the extracellular matrix of human bone. Here, we first established a 3D culture model of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded in the biomimetic scaffolds using 160 μM H2O2 to simulate the microenvironment of osteogenesis after implantation. Our results showed that decreased methylation levels of ALP and RUNX2 were induced by H2O2 treatment in hMSCs cultivated in the 3D scaffolds. Furthermore, we found that Dnmt3a was significantly downregulated in a porcine anterior lumbar interbody fusion model and was confirmed to be reduced by H2O2 treatment using the 3D in vitro model. The hypomethylation of ALP and RUNX2 induced by H2O2 treatment was abolished by Dnmt3a overexpression. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that the Dnmt inhibitor 5-AZA can enhance osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs under OS, evidenced by the increased expression of ALP and RUNX2 accompanied by the decreased DNA methylation of ALP and RUNX2. Taken together, these results suggest that Dnmt3a-mediated DNA methylation changes regulate osteogenic differentiation and 5-AZA can enhance osteogenic differentiation via the hypomethylation of ALP and RUNX2 under OS. The biomimetic 3D scaffolds combined with 5-AZA and antioxidants may serve as a promising novel strategy to improve osteogenesis after implantation.
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Hu T, Naidu M, Yang Z, Lam WM, Kumarsing RA, Ren X, Ng F, Wang M, Liu L, Tan KC, Kwok KT, Goodman SB, Goh JCH, Wong HK. Bone Regeneration by Controlled Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2: A Rabbit Spinal Fusion Chamber Molecular Study. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1356-1368. [PMID: 30727849 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been widely used in spine fusion surgery. However, high doses of rhBMP-2 delivered with absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) have led to inflammation-related adverse conditions. Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) control release carrier can substantially reduce the rhBMP-2 dose and complication without compromising fusion. The molecular events underlying controlled release and their effects on spinal fusion remain unknown. In this study, a rabbit interbody spinal fusion chamber was designed to provide a controlled environment for profiling molecular events during the fusion process. Study groups included Group 1, PEC with 100 μg rhBMP-2; Group 2, ACS with 100 μg rhBMP-2; Group 3, ACS with 300 μg rhBMP-2; Group 4, autologous bone graft; and Group 5, empty chamber. Manual palpation, microcomputed tomography, and histological analysis showed that Group 1 and 3 achieved bone fusion, while the other groups showed no signs of fusion. Gene expression profiling showed robust induction of osteogenic markers in Groups 1 and 3, with modulated early induction of inflammatory genes in the PEC group. Delivery of 100 μg rhBMP-2 with ACS (Group 2) resulted in less upregulation of osteogenic genes, increased inflammatory genes expression, and upregulation of osteoclastic genes compared to Group 1. These results suggest that the manner of BMP-2 release at the interbody spinal defect site could dictate the balance of in-situ osteogenic and antiosteogenic activities, affecting fusion outcomes. The molecular evidence supports PEC for sustained release of BMP-2 for spinal interbody fusion, and the feasibility of employing this novel interbody spinal fusion chamber for future molecular studies. Impact Statement A radiolucent rabbit interbody spinal fusion chamber was developed to study the molecular events during spinal fusion process. The gene expression profile suggests that control release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) resulted in lower inflammatory and osteoclastic activities, but elicited higher osteogenic activities, while burst release of BMP-2 resulted in predominantly inflammation and osteoclastogenesis with minimum osteogenic activity. This study provides the molecular evidence that underscores the regeneration outcomes from the two different BMP-2 delivery systems. This spinal fusion chamber could be used for future molecular studies to optimize carrier design for spinal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mathanapriya Naidu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wing Moon Lam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramruttun Amit Kumarsing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiafei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felly Ng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim Cheng Tan
- School of Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Thong Kwok
- School of Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - James Cho-Hong Goh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hee-Kit Wong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Xu H, Zhang F, Wang H, Geng F, Shao M, Xu S, Xia X, Ma X, Lu F, Jiang J. Evaluation of a Porous Bioabsorbable Interbody Mg-Zn Alloy Cage in a Goat Cervical Spine Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7961509. [PMID: 30596099 PMCID: PMC6286783 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7961509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bioabsorbable Mg-based implants were previously assessed due to their intrinsic advantages, but Mg-based cage related research is limited. The specific blood supply and stress of the intervertebral environment can affect the function of Mg-based implants. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a bioabsorbable Mg-Zn alloy cage in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and evaluate the control of degradation of the Mg-Zn cage surface modified by microarc oxidation (MAO) technology containing Si under an intervertebral microenvironment. METHODS Twenty-four goats were divided into four groups according to the experimental period and all underwent ACDF at C2-3 and C4-5 with porous Mg-Zn cage covered with a MAO/Si-containing coating in one intervertebral space and with autologous iliac bone in another space. After 3, 6, 12, or 24 weeks after operation, the cervical spine specimens were harvested to evaluate the biocompatibility, fusion status, and degradation conditions using blood analysis, radiology, biomechanical testing, histology, and micro-CT. RESULTS The Mg-Zn cages showed ideal biocompatibility and biomechanical characterization; however, the fusion state, as evaluated with radiology and histology, was not acceptable. Modified by the MAO/Si-containing coating, the degradation rate of the Mg-Zn cages was controllable but slower than expected. CONCLUSION MAO/Si-containing coating Mg-Zn alloy cages demonstrated excessive control of degradation and fusion failure after 24 weeks postoperatively. We conclude that further studies should be designed to improve the using of Mg-based materials at the intervertebral space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Department of Research & Tech, Medtronic Greater China Co., Ltd., Block 11, No. 3000 Long Dong Avenue, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlei Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Feizhou Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, China
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Peng J, Huang N, Huang S, Li L, Ling Z, Jin S, Huang A, Lin K, Zou X. [Effect of miR-21 down-regulated by H 2O 2 on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:276-284. [PMID: 29806275 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201707030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of miR-21 down-regulated which was induced by H 2O 2 on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured and passaged, and the 7th generation cells were harvested to use in experiment. The MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 40, 80, 160, and 320 μmol/L) of H 2O 2. The expression of miR-21 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and the cell viability was determined by MTS. Then the appropriate concentration of H 2O 2 was obtained. To analyze the effect of H 2O 2 on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, the MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into blank control group (group A), H 2O 2 group (group B), osteogenic induction group (group C), and H 2O 2+osteogenic induction group (group D). The expression of miR-21 and the osteogenesis related genes expressions of Runx2, osteopontin (OPN), and collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 (Col1a1) were detected by RT-PCR. The expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was detected by Western blot. The extracellular calcium deposition was detected by alizarin red staining. To analyze the effect on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells after the transfection of miR-21 inhibitor and siRNA-PTEN, the MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into H 2O 2 group (group A1), H 2O 2+osteogenic induction group (group B1), H 2O 2+osteogenic induction+miR-21 inhibitor group (group C1), and H 2O 2+osteogenic induction+miR-21 inhibitor negative control group (group D1); and H 2O 2 group (group A2), H 2O 2+osteogenic induction group (group B2), H 2O 2+osteogenic induction+siRNA-PTEN negative control group (group C2), and H 2O 2+osteogenic induction+siRNA-PTEN group (group D2). The osteogenesis related genes were detected by RT-PCR and the extracellular calcium deposition was detected by alizarin red staining. Results The results of MTS and RT-PCR showed that the appropriate concentration of H 2O 2 was 160 μmol/L. The expression of miR-21 was significantly lower in group B than in group A at 1 and 2 weeks ( P<0.05). The expression of miR-21 was significantly lower in group D than in group C at 1 and 2 weeks ( P<0.05). The expression of PTEN protein was significantly lower in group C than in groups A and D ( P<0.05). The mRNA expressions of Runx2, OPN, and Col1a1 were significantly lower in group D than in group C at 1 and 2 weeks ( P<0.05). The extracellular calcium deposition in group D was obviously less than that in group C. The expression of PTEN protein was significantly higher in group C1 than in group D1 ( P<0.05). The mRNA expressions of Runx2 and OPN were significantly lower in group C1 than in groups B1 and D1 at 1 and 2 weeks ( P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Col1a1 was significantly lower in group C1 than in groups B1 and D1 at 2 weeks ( P<0.05). The extracellular calcium deposition in group C1 was obviously less than those in groups B1 and D1. The mRNA expressions of OPN and Col1a1 were significantly higher in group D2 than in groups B2 and C2 at 1 week ( P<0.05). The extracellular calcium deposition in group D2 was obviously more than those in groups B2 and C2. Conclusion H 2O 2 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, which may be induced by down-regulating the expression of miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518033, P.R.China
| | | | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Liangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510080, P.R.China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510080, P.R.China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518033, P.R.China
| | - Aijun Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518033, P.R.China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518033, P.R.China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510080,
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Quantitative analysis of near-implant magnesium accumulation for a Si-containing coated AZ31 cage from a goat cervical spine fusion model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:105. [PMID: 29618341 PMCID: PMC5885299 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) released from Mg-based implants degradation is believed to be effective in improving osteogenesis, however, studies focusing on Mg-based interbody cages are limited and fusion success was never reported. As excessive Mg accumulation can inhibit new bone formation, this study is designed to explain the possible reasons for the fusion failure of Mg-based cages by analyzing the relationships between the intervertebral Mg accumulation and the resulting interbody fusion. METHODS The experimental cage was consisted of magnesium alloy (AZ31) substrate and Silicon (Si) -containing coating. C3/C4 and C5/C6 of 24 goats were implanted with cage or autologous iliac crest bone graft (Control group), which were analyzed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks post-operatively. Intervertebral Mg concentrations, Mg-related Calcium (Ca)/ Phosphorus (P) ratios, radiological evaluations and histological findings were recorded for analyzing the relationships between the three of cage corrosion, Mg accumulation, and interbody fusion. RESULTS Intervertebral Mg levels were significantly increased after cage implantation, especially in the areas that were closer to the cages at 3 weeks post-operatively, and these increased concentrations could persist up to 12 weeks post-operatively, indicating a relatively rapid corrosion process. Significantly lower Mg levels were only found at 24 weeks post-operatively, but these levels were still higher than those of the control group. In addition, Mg was found to be widely distributed at the intervertebral space since high Mg concentrations could even be detected at the posterior boundary of the vertebral body. Under this Mg accumulation profile, interbody fusion was not achieved, as indicated by the decreased Ca/P ratios, low CT fusion scores and negative histological results. CONCLUSIONS Intervertebral excessive Mg accumulation might be the primary reason for interbody fusion failure. Quantitative Mg analysis can offer insight into the association between cage degeneration and biological response.
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Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation by inactivating Wnt signaling pathway via c-Myc with aurora kinases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73473-73485. [PMID: 27636990 PMCID: PMC5341992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The detailed molecular mechanisms and safety issues of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) usage in bone graft substitution remain poorly understood. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of rhBMP-2 in gastric cancer cells, we used microarrays to determine the gene expression patterns related to the effects of rhBMP-2. Based on a gene ontology analysis, several genes were upregulated during the regulation of the cell cycle and BMP signaling pathway. MYC was found to be significantly decreased along with its downstream target genes, the aurora kinases (AURKs), by rhBMP-2 in the network analysis. We further confirmed this finding with western blot data that rhBMP-2 inhibited c-Myc, AURKs, and β-catenin in SNU484 and SNU638 cells. An AURK inhibitor significantly decreased c-Myc expression in gastric cancer cells. Combination treatment with rhBMP-2 and AURK inhibitor resulted in significantly decreased c-Myc expression compared with gastric cancer cells treated with an rhBMP-2 or AURK inhibitor, respectively. Similar effects for decreased c-Myc expression were observed when we silenced β-catenin in gastric cancer cells. These results indicate that rhBMP-2 attenuated the growth of gastric cancer cells via the inactivation of β-catenin via c-Myc and AURKs. Therefore, our findings suggest that rhBMP-2 could be safely used with patients who undergo gastric or gastroesophageal cancer surgery.
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Baskin JZ, Soenjaya Y, McMasters J, Ko A, Vasanji A, Morris N, Eppell SJ. Nanophase bone substitute for craniofacial load bearing application: Pilot study in the rodent. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:520-532. [PMID: 28194875 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An exploratory pilot study shows that a rodent mandibular defect model is useful in determining the biological response to a nanophase collagen/apatite composite designed as a biomimetic load-bearing bone substitute. Using a critical size defect, eight groups of rats (n = 3) were implanted with four renditions of the nanophase bone substitute (NBS) biomaterial. Each rendition was tested with and without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). NBS biomaterial renditions were: baseline, hyper-densified, d-ribose crosslinked, and d-ribose crosslinked and hyper-densified. Biological outcomes were assessed surgically, radiologically, and histologically. With the limited power available due to the small N's involved, some interesting hypotheses were generated that will be more fully investigated in future studies. BMP2 loaded NBS, when uncrosslinked, resulted in robust bone formation in the entire defect volume (regardless of porosity). Unloaded NBS were well tolerated but did not cause significant new bone formation in the defect volume. Densification alone had little effect on in vivo performance. Crosslinking thwarted implant uptake of BMP2 and resulted in fibrous encapsulation. It is concluded that the nanophase bone substitute is well tolerated in this bone defect model. When loaded with BMP2, implantation resulted in complete bony healing and defect closure with implant density (porosity) having little effect on bone healing or remodeling. Without BMP2 the biomaterial did not result in defect closure. Crosslinking, necessary to increase mechanical properties in an aqueous environment, disrupts osteointegration and BMP2 uptake. Alternate implant fabrication strategies will be necessary to achieve an improved balance between material strength and osteointegration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 520-532, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Baskin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yohannes Soenjaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James McMasters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alvin Ko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amit Vasanji
- Image IQ, A Cleveland Clinic Innovation Company, Solon, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Case Western Reserve University, Center for Clinical Investigations, Statistical Science Core, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven J Eppell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Li L, Qi Q, Luo J, Huang S, Ling Z, Gao M, Zhou Z, Stiehler M, Zou X. FOXO1-suppressed miR-424 regulates the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by targeting FGF2 under oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42331. [PMID: 28186136 PMCID: PMC5301230 DOI: 10.1038/srep42331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as key regulators of the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our previous in vivo study and other in vitro studies using miRNA microarrays suggest that miR-424 is involved in the regulation of bone formation. However, the role and mechanism of miR-424 in bone formation still remain unknown. Here, we identified that the downregulation of miR-424 mediates bone formation under oxidative stress, and we explored its underlying mechanism. Our results showed that miR-424 was significantly downregulated in an anterior lumbar interbody fusion model of pigs and in a cell model of oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The overexpression of miR-424 inhibited proliferation and osteogenic differentiation shown by a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and osteogenic markers, including RUNX2 and ALP, whereas the knockdown of miR-424 led to the opposite results. Moreover, miR-424 exerts its effects by targeting FGF2. Furthermore, we found that FOXO1 suppressed miR-424 expression and bound to its promoter region. FOXO1 enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in part through the miR-424/FGF2 pathway. These results indicated that FOXO1-suppressed miR-424 regulates both the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via targeting FGF2, suggesting that miR-424 might be a potential novel therapeutic strategy for promoting bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China.,Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Qihua Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Jiaquan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Manman Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Maik Stiehler
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
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Luo K, Mei T, Li Z, Deng M, Zhang Z, Hou T, Dong S, Xie Z, Xu J, Luo F. A High-Adhesive Lysine-Cyclic RGD Peptide Designed for Selective Cell Retention Technology. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:585-95. [PMID: 27154386 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Tieniu Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Moyuan Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyong Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
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Quantitative study of parathyroid hormone (1-34) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on spinal fusion outcomes in a rabbit model of lumbar dorsolateral intertransverse process arthrodesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014; 39:347-55. [PMID: 24365898 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A posterolateral rabbit spinal fusion model was used to evaluate the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and teriparatide (PTH [1-34]) used individually and in combination on spinal fusion outcomes. OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of parathyroid hormone on improving spinal fusion outcomes when used with BMP-2. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Of the more than 250,000 spinal fusion surgical procedures performed each year, 5% to 35% of these will result in pseudarthrosis. Growing controversy on the efficacy and cost of rhBMP-2 for improving spinal fusion outcomes has presented a challenge for clinicians. Research into PTH as an adjunct therapy to rhBMP-2 for spinal fusion has not yet been investigated. METHODS Forty-eight male New Zealand white rabbits underwent bilateral posterolateral intertransverse process arthrodesis surgery at the L5-L6 level. Animals were divided into 6 groups. Two groups were treated with autograft alone or autograft and PTH (1-34), whereas the other 4 groups were treated with low-dose rhBMP-2 alone, high-dose rhBMP-2 alone, or either dose combined with PTH (1-34). All animals were euthanized 6 weeks after surgery. The L4-L7 spinal segment was removed and assessed using manual palpation, computed tomography (CT), and biomechanical testing. RESULTS CT assessments revealed fusion in 50% of autograft controls, 75% of autograft PTH (1-34) animals, 87.5% in the 2 groups treated with low-dose rhBMP-2, and 100% in the 2 groups treated with high-dose rhBMP-2. CT volumetric analysis demonstrated that all groups treated with biologics had fusion masses that were on average significantly larger than those observed in the control group (P < 0.0001). Biomechanical data demonstrated no statistical difference between controls, PTH (1-34), and low-dose rhBMP-2 in any testing orientation. PTH (1-34) did not increase bending stiffness when used adjunctively with either low-dose or high-dose rhBMP-2. CONCLUSION Although intermittent teriparatide administration results in increased fusion mass volume, it does not improve biomechnical stiffness over use of autograft alone. When delivered concurrently with high- and low-dose rhBMP-2, teriparatide provided no statistically significant improvement in biomechanical stiffness. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Kao TH, Wu CH, Chou YC, Chen HT, Chen WH, Tsou HK. Risk factors for subsidence in anterior cervical fusion with stand-alone polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages: a review of 82 cases and 182 levels. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2014; 134:1343-51. [PMID: 25099076 PMCID: PMC4168225 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-014-2047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine risk factors for subsidence in patients treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and stand-alone polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of patients with degenerative spondylosis or traumatic disc herniation resulting in radiculopathy or myelopathy between C2 and C7 who underwent ACDF with stand-alone PEEK cages were retrospectively reviewed. Cages were filled with autogenous cancellous bone harvested from iliac crest or hydroxyapatite. Subsidence was defined as a decrease of 3 mm or more of anterior or posterior disc height from that measured on the postoperative radiograph. Eighty-two patients (32 males, 50 females; 182 treatment levels) were included in the analysis. RESULTS Most patients had 1-2 treatment levels (62.2 %), and 37.8 % had 3-4 treatment levels. Treatment levels were from C2-7. Of the 82 patients, cage subsidence occurred in 31 patients, and at 39 treatment levels. Multivariable analysis showed that subsidence was more likely to occur in patients with more than two treatment levels, and more likely to occur at treatment levels C5-7 than at levels C2-5. Subsidence was not associated with postoperative alignment change but associated with more disc height change (relatively oversized cage). CONCLUSION Subsidence is associated with a greater number of treatment levels, treatment at C5-7 and relatively oversized cage use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsien Kao
- Functional Neurosurgery Division, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC ,Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC ,Department of Acupressure Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Hao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC ,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hsien Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC ,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Heath Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsi-Kai Tsou
- Functional Neurosurgery Division, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC ,Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
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Schubert T, Lafont S, Beaurin G, Grisay G, Behets C, Gianello P, Dufrane D. Critical size bone defect reconstruction by an autologous 3D osteogenic-like tissue derived from differentiated adipose MSCs. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4428-38. [PMID: 23507085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
For critical size bone defects and bone non-unions, bone tissue engineering using osteoblastic differentiated adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) is limited by the need for a biomaterial to support cell transplantation. An osteoblastic three-dimensional autologous graft made of AMSCs (3D AMSC) was developed to solve this issue. This autograft was obtained by supplementing the osteoblastic differentiation medium with demineralized bone matrix. Two surgical models were developed to assess the potential of this 3D osteogenic AMSC autograft. A four-level spinal fusion using polyetheretherketone cages was designed in six pigs to assess the early phase of ossification (8-12 weeks postimplantation). In each pig, four groups were compared: cancellous bone autograft, freeze-dried irradiated cancellous pig bone, 3D AMSC, and an empty cage. A critical size femoral defect (n = 4, bone non-union confirmed 6 months postoperatively) was used to assess the 3D AMSCs' ability to achieve bone fusion. Pigs were followed by CT scan and explanted specimens were analyzed for bone tissue remodeling by micro-CT scan, micro-radiography, and histology/histomorphometry. In the spine fusion model, bone formation with the 3D AMSC was demonstrated by a significant increase in bone content. In the critical-size femoral defect model, the 3D AMSC achieved new bone formation and fusion in a poorly vascularized fibrotic environment. This custom-made 3D osteogenic AMSC autograft is a therapeutic solution for bone non-unions and for critical-size defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schubert
- Endocrine Cell Therapy Unit, Center of Tissue and Cell Therapy, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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An overview on bone protein extract as the new generation of demineralized bone matrix. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:1045-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Wang Y, Liu C, Fang Y, Liu X, Li W, Liu S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Charreyre C, Audonnet JC, Chen P, He Q. Transcription analysis on response of porcine alveolar macrophages to Haemophilus parasuis. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:68. [PMID: 22330747 PMCID: PMC3296652 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease in pigs. Currently, the molecular basis of this infection is largely unknown. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against the infectious disease. Systematical analysis on host innate immune response to the infection is important for understanding the pathogenesis of the infectious microorganisms. Results A total of 428 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) 6 days after H. parasuis infection. These genes were principally related to inflammatory response, immune response, microtubule polymerization, regulation of transcript and signal transduction. Through the pathway analysis, the significant pathways mainly concerned with cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting that the host took different strategies to activate immune and inflammatory response upon H. parasuis infection. The global interactions network and two subnetworks of the proteins encoded by DE genes were analyzed by using STRING. Further immunostimulation analysis indicated that mRNA levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) and S100 calcium-binding protein A6 (S100A6) in porcine PK-15 cells increased within 48 h and were sustained after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly (I:C) respectively. The s100a4 and s100a6 genes were found to be up-regulated significantly in lungs, spleen and lymph nodes in H. parasuis infected pigs. We firstly cloned and sequenced the porcine coronin1a gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that poCORONIN 1A belonged to the group containing the Bos taurus sequence. Structural analysis indicated that the poCORONIN 1A contained putative domains of Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature, Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile and Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile at the N-terminus. Conclusions Our present study is the first one focusing on the response of porcine alveolar macrophages to H. parasuis. Our data demonstrate a series of genes are activated upon H. parasuis infection. The observed gene expression profile could help screening the potential host agents for reducing the prevalence of H. parasuis and further understanding the molecular pathogenesis associated with H. parasuis infection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Baas J, Jakobsen T, Elmengaard B, Bechtold JE, Soballe K. The effect of adding an equine bone matrix protein lyophilisate on fixation and osseointegration of HA-coated Ti implants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:188-94. [PMID: 22021212 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Joint replacements should be firmly anchored in vital bone to avoid early implant subsidence and late aseptic loosening. We investigated whether the fixation of orthopedic implants could be improved by adding an osteoinductive extract of lyophilized equine bone matrix proteins (Colloss E, Ossacur AG, Germany), between the implant and the surrounding bone. Eighteen uncemented HA-coated implants were inserted pairwise in the proximal tibia of nine dogs. All implants were surrounded by a 2 mm concentric defect. In each dog, the intervention implant was added 20 mg protein lyophilisate. The contralateral control implant was inserted untreated. After four weeks, the treated HA-coated implants had better mechanical fixation than the untreated control implants. The treated implants were better osseointegrated, there was more newly formed bone around these implants, and fibrous tissue was eliminated. The mechanical implant fixation had a strong positive correlation to new bone formation on and around the implant, and a strong negative correlation to fibrous tissue encapsulation. The results suggest that bone protein extracts such as the Colloss E device may augment early implant fixation of even HA-coated Ti implants and thereby reduce the risk of long-term failure. This may be particularly useful in revision arthroplasty with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgen Baas
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, Build. 1a, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Wu YH, Wang J, Gong DX, Gu HY, Hu SS, Zhang H. Effects of low-level laser irradiation on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation: a microarray analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:509-19. [PMID: 21956279 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased proliferation after low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) has been well demonstrated in many cell types including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but the exact molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in mRNA expression in rat MSCs after LLLI and to reveal the associated molecular mechanisms. MSCs were exposed to a diode laser (635 nm) as the irradiated group. Cells undergoing the same procedure without LLLI served as the control group. Proliferation was evaluated using the MTS assay. Differences in the gene expression profiles between irradiated and control MSCs at 4 days after LLLI were analyzed using a cDNA microarray. Gene ontology and pathway analysis were used to find the key regulating genes followed by real-time PCR to validate seven representative genes from the microarray assays. This procedure identified 119 differentially expressed genes. Real-time PCR confirmed that the expression levels of v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (Akt1), the cyclin D1 gene (Ccnd1) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic alpha polypeptide gene (Pik3ca) were upregulated after LLLI, whereas those of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (Ptpn6) and serine/threonine kinase 17b (Stk17b) were downregulated. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that after LLLI the expression levels of various genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle were affected. Five genes, including Akt1, Ptpn6, Stk17b, Ccnd1 and Pik3ca, were confirmed and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/eIF4E pathway was identified as possibly playing an important role in mediating the effects of LLLI on the proliferation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-he Wu
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
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Zou LP, Sun XH, Zhang ZG, Liu P, Wu JX, Tian CJ, Qiu JL, Lu TG. Leaf rolling controlled by the homeodomain leucine zipper class IV gene Roc5 in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1589-602. [PMID: 21596949 PMCID: PMC3135938 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.176016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rolling is considered an important agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa) breeding. To understand the molecular mechanism controlling leaf rolling, we screened a rice T-DNA insertion population and isolated the outcurved leaf1 (oul1) mutant showing abaxial leaf rolling. The phenotypes were caused by knockout of Rice outermost cell-specific gene5 (Roc5), an ortholog of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homeodomain leucine zipper class IV gene GLABRA2. Interestingly, overexpression of Roc5 led to adaxially rolled leaves, whereas cosuppression of Roc5 resulted in abaxial leaf rolling. Bulliform cell number and size increased in oul1 and Roc5 cosuppression plants but were reduced in Roc5-overexpressing lines. The data indicate that Roc5 negatively regulates bulliform cell fate and development. Gene expression profiling, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and RNA interference (RNAi) analyses revealed that Protodermal Factor Like (PFL) was probably down-regulated in oul1. The mRNA level of PFL was increased in Roc5-overexpressing lines, and PFL-RNAi transgenic plants exhibit reversely rolling leaves by reason of increases of bulliform cell number and size, indicating that Roc5 may have a conserved function. These are, to our knowledge, the first functional data for a gene encoding a homeodomain leucine zipper class IV transcriptional factor in rice that modulates leaf rolling.
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High density gene expression microarrays and gene ontology analysis for identifying processes in implanted tissue engineering constructs. Biomaterials 2010; 31:8299-312. [PMID: 20727583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo performance of tissue-engineered constructs is often based on generally accepted read-out parameters, like (immuno)histology. In this study, high-density gene expression microarrays and gene ontology (GO) analysis were used as a read-out tool to identify the biological processes occurring after implantation of an acellular collagen-based skin construct using a rat full-thickness wound model. A freely-available program (DAVID) was used to identify up/downregulated biological processes (GO-terms) and results were compared to wound healing/regeneration without a construct. The entire process from RNA isolation to biological interpretation is explained step-by-step. Conventional (immuno)histology was used to validate the biological processes identified and indicate that microarray analysis may provide a valuable, fast and unbiased tool to evaluate the in vivo performance of tissue-engineered constructs. However, challenges remain e.g. with regards to the development of specific GO-terms and annotation of the (rat) genome.
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Xu XH, Dong SS, Guo Y, Yang TL, Lei SF, Papasian CJ, Zhao M, Deng HW. Molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis: the 2009 update. Endocr Rev 2010; 31:447-505. [PMID: 20357209 PMCID: PMC3365849 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex human disease that results in increased susceptibility to fragility fractures. It can be phenotypically characterized using several traits, including bone mineral density, bone size, bone strength, and bone turnover markers. The identification of gene variants that contribute to osteoporosis phenotypes, or responses to therapy, can eventually help individualize the prognosis, treatment, and prevention of fractures and their adverse outcomes. Our previously published reviews have comprehensively summarized the progress of molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis and have covered the data available to the end of September 2007. This review represents our continuing efforts to summarize the important and representative findings published between October 2007 and November 2009. The topics covered include genetic association and linkage studies in humans, transgenic and knockout mouse models, as well as gene-expression microarray and proteomics studies. Major results are tabulated for comparison and ease of reference. Comments are made on the notable findings and representative studies for their potential influence and implications on our present understanding of the genetics of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Xu
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can induce the formation of new bone in numerous orthopedic and dental applications in which loss of bone is the main issue. The combination of BMP with a biomaterial that can carry and deliver proteins has been demonstrated to maximize the therapeutic effects of BMPs. However, no ideal candidate with optimal characteristics as a carrier has emerged for clinical use of BMPs. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a potential BMP carrier with its osteoconductive properties and desirable characteristics as a bone graft biomaterial. In this study, 3 different methods to load BMP into HA materials were characterized and compared based on the BMP uptake and release profile. BMP was loaded into HA in 3 ways: (1) incorporation of BMP during HA precipitation, (2) HA immersion in BMP solution, and (3) BMP incorporation during dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) conversion to HA. The size of HA crystals decreased when BMP was loaded during HA precipitation and HA immersion in BMP solution; however, it did not change when BMP was loaded during DCPD-to-HA conversion. The highest BMP uptake was achieved using the immersion method followed by HA precipitation, and the lowest via DCPD conversion. It is interesting to note that BMP loading during HA precipitation resulted in sustained and prolonged BMP release compared with the 2 other BMP loading methods. In conclusion, BMP incorporation during HA precipitation revealed itself to be the best loading method.
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Li FN, Yin JD, Ni JJ, Liu L, Zhang HY, Du M. Chloride intracellular channel 5 modulates adipocyte accumulation in skeletal muscle by inhibiting preadipocyte differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:1013-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Optimized procedure for expression and renaturation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 at high protein concentrations. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:3089-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Foldager C, Bendtsen M, Nygaard JV, Zou X, Bünger C. Differences in early osteogenesis and bone micro-architecture in anterior lumbar interbody fusion with rhBMP-2, equine bone protein extract, and autograft. Bone 2009; 45:267-73. [PMID: 19398044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.04.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the microstructural differences and responsible mechanisms in early bone formation in anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) in the spine using rhBMP-2 (INFUSE), equine bone protein extract (COLLOSS E) or autograft. METHODS Twelve Danish female landrace pigs underwent a 3-level ALIF procedure at L3-6. PEEK interbody cages packed with rhBMP-2, COLLOSS E, or autograft were inserted. The animals were divided into two groups of six, and observed for four and eight weeks postoperatively. MicroCT was performed for evaluation of microstructure of the bone within the cage. A mathematical finite element model was developed to investigate the aqueous behavior within the cages when exposed to external compressive forces. RESULTS At 4 weeks postoperative bone surface volume fraction (BS/TV) using rhBMP-2 was higher than with use of COLLOSS E and autograft, while trabecular thickness (Tb.Th.) was lower using rhBMP-2 at this time-point. At eight weeks BS/TV and trabecular number (Tb.N.) were still higher using rhBMP-2 than autograft and COLLOSS E. Connectivity density was significantly higher using rhBMP-2 than using autograft or COLLOSS E at both time-points. Between four- and eight-week time-points BV/TV and Tb.Th. rose while Tb.N. declined using rhBMP-2. The degree of anisotropy and the calculated amount of trabeculae with main direction along the spinal axis, were higher at four weeks using COLLOSS E. rhBMP-2 had the highest amount of trabeculae directed along the spinal axis at eight weeks. A change in main direction between four and eight weeks was observed for both autograft and rhBMP-2. The numerical results from the finite element model verify that significantly different flow pattern emerges as the boundary conditions are altered. At four weeks there was an evident correlation between trabecular orientation and flow pattern using rhBMP-2. CONCLUSION This study reveals large differences in microstructure in the early osteogenesis and explains important mechanisms of early bone formation using rhBMP-2, COLLOSS E or autograft treatment. These differences might explain some of the unfortunate events reported such as edema, swelling, and excessive bone formation using different bone graft substitutes in spinal fusion procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Foldager
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, building 1A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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