1
|
Coroneo MT, Graterol-Nisi G, Maver E, Gillies RM. Aqueous Humor Circulation in the Era of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Glaucoma. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:898-907. [PMID: 38155316 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma surgery with implantation of aqueous humor draining microstents may compromise long-term corneal health by disrupting aqueous humor circulation. The effect of stent numbers on this circulation was interrogated to determine the number of stents associated with minimal circulation disruption. An in vitro anterior eye model perfusion system was constructed with multiple exit ports. A 3-D model of the anterior eye was imported into ABAQUS CFD, analyzes were carried out for unsteady laminar flow and solved using Navier-Stokes equations. DT Vision Foundry was used to analyze velocity contour plot images. The field variable results output for the CFD model were fluid wall shear, fluid pressure and fluid velocity. In vitro, "aqueous" fluid flow is high through a single stent and "aqueous" stagnation is greatest in the quadrants 180° away. Increasing stent port numbers, results in an exponential decrease in the stagnant flow locations. High wall shear stress was seen in the single stent model and is markedly reduced after a second and subsequent stents are introduced. We identify two factors potentially contributing to corneal compromise post glaucoma drainage surgery: aqueous humor stagnation, remote to the stent site and higher exit flows imparting increased stent exit shear stress (particularly with a single stent). With 4 stents, there is minimal disruption of anterior chamber circulation (mimicking physiological conditions). Furthermore we propose that aqueous humor circulation disruption via the usual single-exit port approach disrupts aqueous humor circulation with long-term consequences for corneal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minas T Coroneo
- Ophthalmic Surgeons, 2 St Pauls St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital/University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Eric Maver
- Ophthalmic Surgeons, 2 St Pauls St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - R Mark Gillies
- Medical Device Research Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bender RJ, Askinas C, Vernice NA, Dong X, Harris J, Shih S, Spector JA. Perfuse and Reuse: A Low-Cost Three-Dimensional-Printed Perfusion Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:623-633. [PMID: 36094108 PMCID: PMC9805868 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes fabrication of a customizable bioreactor, which comprises a perfusion system and coverslip-based tissue culture chamber that allow centimeter-scale vascularized or otherwise canalized tissue constructs to be maintained in weeks long static and/or perfusion culture at an exceptionally low cost, with intermittent live imaging and media sampling capabilities. The perfusion system includes a reusable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) lid generated from a three-dimensional (3D)-printed poly-lactic acid (PLA) mold and several lengths of perfusion tubing. The coverslip tissue culture chamber includes PDMS components built with 3D-printed PLA molds, as well as 3D-printed PLA frames and glass coverslips that house perfusable hydrogel constructs. As proof of concept, we fabricated a vascularized hydrogel construct, which was subjected to static and perfusion tissue culture, as well as flow studies using fluorescent beads and widefield fluorescent microscopy. This system can be readily reproduced, promoting the advancement of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Bender
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Carly Askinas
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Vernice
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xue Dong
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason Harris
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sabrina Shih
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason A. Spector
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang S, Shi J, Yang J, Feng C, Tang H. Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Perfusion Process of Vascularized Channels within Hydrogel Matrix Based on Three-Dimensional Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091898. [PMID: 32847066 PMCID: PMC7563590 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of three-dimensional bioprinting technology provides a new way to fabricate in tissue engineering in vitro, but how to provide sufficient nutrition for the internal region of the engineered printed tissue has become the main obstacle. In vitro perfusion culture can not only provide nutrients for the growth of internal cells but also take away the metabolic wastes in time, which is an effective method to solve the problem of tissue engineering culture in vitro. Aiming at user-defined tissue engineering with internal vascularized channels obtained by three-dimensional printing experiment in the early stage, a simulation model was established and the in vitro fluid-structure interaction finite element analysis of tissue engineering perfusion process was carried out. Through fluid-structure interaction simulation, the hydrodynamic behavior and mechanical properties of vascularized channels in the perfusion process was discussed when the perfusion pressure, hydrogel concentration, and crosslinking density changed. The effects of perfusion pressure, hydrogel concentration, and crosslinking density on the flow velocity, pressure on the vascularized channels, and deformation of vascularized channels were analyzed. The simulation results provide a method to optimize the perfusion parameters of tissue engineering, avoiding the perfusion failure caused by unreasonable perfusion pressure and hydrogel concentration and promoting the development of tissue engineering culture in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (S.Y.); (C.F.); (H.T.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (S.Y.); (C.F.); (H.T.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiquan Yang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (S.Y.); (C.F.); (H.T.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chunmei Feng
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (S.Y.); (C.F.); (H.T.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (S.Y.); (C.F.); (H.T.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yazdani M. Technical aspects of oxygen level regulation in primary cell cultures: A review. Interdiscip Toxicol 2017; 9:85-89. [PMID: 28652851 PMCID: PMC5464680 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is an essential element for aerobic respiration. Atmospheric concentration of O2 is approximately 21%. Mammalian cells, however, are generally adapted to O2 levels much lower than atmospheric conditions. The pericellular levels of O2 must also be maintained within a fairly narrow range to meet the demands of cells. This applies equally to cells in vivo and cells in primary cultures. There has been growing interest in the performance of cell culture experiments under various O2 levels to study molecular and cellular responses. To this end, a range of technologies (e.g. gas-permeable technology) and instruments (e.g. gas-tight boxes and gas-controlled incubators) have been developed. It should be noted, however, that some of these have limitations and they are still undergoing refinement. Nevertheless, better results should be possible when technical concerns are taken into account. This paper aims to review various aspects of O2 level adjustment in primary cell cultures, regulation of pericellular O2 gradients and possible effects of the cell culture medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aufderheide M, Förster C, Beschay M, Branscheid D, Emura M. A new computer-controlled air-liquid interface cultivation system for the generation of differentiated cell cultures of the airway epithelium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:77-87. [PMID: 26507834 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased application of in vitro systems in pharmacology and toxicology requires cell culture systems that facilitate the cultivation process and ensure stable, reproducible and controllable cultivation conditions. Up to now, some devices have been developed for the cultivation of cells under submersed conditions. However, systems meeting the requirements of an air-liquid interface (ALI) cultivation for the special needs of bronchial epithelial cells for example are still lacking. In order to obtain in vivo like organization and differentiation of these cells they need to be cultivated under ALI conditions on microporous membranes in direct contact with the environmental atmosphere. For this purpose, a Long-Term-Cultivation system was developed (CULTEX(®) LTC-C system) for the computer-controlled cultivation of such cells. The transwell inserts are placed in an incubator module (24 inserts), which can be adjusted for the medium level (ultrasonic pulse-echosensor), time and volume-dependent medium exchange, and frequency for mixing the medium with a rotating disc for homogeneous distribution of medium and secretion components. Normal primary freshly isolated bronchial epithelial cells were cultivated for up to 38 days to show the efficiency of such a cultivation procedure for generating 3D cultures exhibiting in vivo-like pseudostratified organization of the cells as well as differentiation characteristics like mucus-producing and cilia-forming cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Förster
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstr. 41, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Morris Beschay
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bielefeld Evangelical Hospital, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Detlev Branscheid
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bielefeld Evangelical Hospital, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Makito Emura
- Cultex Laboratories GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen YX, Yang S, Yan J, Hsieh MH, Weng L, Ouderkirk JL, Krendel M, Soman P. A Novel Suspended Hydrogel Membrane Platform for Cell Culture. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4031467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current cell-culture is largely performed on synthetic two-dimensional (2D) petri dishes or permeable supports such as Boyden chambers, mostly because of their ease of use and established protocols. It is generally accepted that modern cell biology research requires new physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) cell culture platform to mimic in vivo cell responses. To that end, we report the design and development of a suspended hydrogel membrane (ShyM) platform using gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel. ShyM thickness (0.25–1 mm) and mechanical properties (10–70 kPa) can be varied by controlling the size of the supporting grid and concentration of GelMA prepolymer, respectively. GelMA ShyMs, with dual media exposure, were found to be compatible with both the cell-seeding and the cell-encapsulation approach as tested using murine 10T1/2 cells and demonstrated higher cellular spreading and proliferation as compared to flat GelMA unsuspended control. The utility of ShyM was also demonstrated using a case-study of invasion of cancer cells. ShyMs, similar to Boyden chambers, are compatible with standard well-plates designs and can be printed using commonly available 3D printers. In the future, ShyM can be potentially extended to variety of photosensitive hydrogels and cell types, to develop new in vitro assays to investigate complex cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong X. Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 900 S. Crouse Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210 e-mail:
| | - Shihao Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 900 S. Crouse Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210 e-mail:
| | - Jiahan Yan
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 900 S. Crouse Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210 e-mail:
| | - Ming-Han Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 900 S. Crouse Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210 e-mail:
| | - Lingyan Weng
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 900 S. Crouse Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210 e-mail:
| | - Jessica L. Ouderkirk
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 900 S. Crouse Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210 e-mail:
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210 e-mail:
| | - Pranav Soman
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 900 S. Crouse Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210 e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giusti S, Sbrana T, La Marca M, Di Patria V, Martinucci V, Tirella A, Domenici C, Ahluwalia A. A novel dual-flow bioreactor simulates increased fluorescein permeability in epithelial tissue barriers. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1175-84. [PMID: 24756869 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Permeability studies across epithelial barriers are of primary importance in drug delivery as well as in toxicology. However, traditional in vitro models do not adequately mimic the dynamic environment of physiological barriers. Here, we describe a novel two-chamber modular bioreactor for dynamic in vitro studies of epithelial cells. The fluid dynamic environment of the bioreactor was characterized using computational fluid dynamic models and measurements of pressure gradients for different combinations of flow rates in the apical and basal chambers. Cell culture experiments were then performed with fully differentiated Caco-2 cells as a model of the intestinal epithelium, comparing the effect of media flow applied in the bioreactor with traditional static transwells. The flow increases barrier integrity and tight junction expression of Caco-2 cells with respect to the static controls. Fluorescein permeability increased threefold in the dynamic system, indicating that the stimulus induced by flow increases transport across the barrier, closely mimicking the in vivo situation. The results are of interest for studying the influence of mechanical stimuli on cells, and underline the importance of developing more physiologically relevant in vitro tissue models. The bioreactor can be used to study drug delivery, chemical, or nanomaterial toxicity and to engineer barrier tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Giusti
- Research Center "E. Piaggio, " University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rath SN, Strobel LA, Arkudas A, Beier JP, Maier AK, Greil P, Horch RE, Kneser U. Osteoinduction and survival of osteoblasts and bone-marrow stromal cells in 3D biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds under static and dynamic culture conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:2350-61. [PMID: 22304383 PMCID: PMC3823428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In many tissue engineering approaches, the basic difference between in vitro and in vivo conditions for cells within three-dimensional (3D) constructs is the nutrition flow dynamics. To achieve comparable results in vitro, bioreactors are advised for improved cell survival, as they are able to provide a controlled flow through the scaffold. We hypothesize that a bioreactor would enhance long-term differentiation conditions of osteogenic cells in 3D scaffolds. To achieve this either primary rat osteoblasts or bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were implanted on uniform-sized biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds produced by a 3D printing method. Three types of culture conditions were applied: static culture without osteoinduction (Group A); static culture with osteoinduction (Group B); dynamic culture with osteoinduction (Group C). After 3 and 6 weeks, the scaffolds were analysed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dsDNA amount, SEM, fluorescent labelled live-dead assay, and real-time RT-PCR in addition to weekly alamarBlue assays. With osteoinduction, increased ALP values and calcium deposition are observed; however, under static conditions, a significant decrease in the cell number on the biomaterial is observed. Interestingly, the bioreactor system not only reversed the decreased cell numbers but also increased their differentiation potential. We conclude from this study that a continuous flow bioreactor not only preserves the number of osteogenic cells but also keeps their differentiation ability in balance providing a suitable cell-seeded scaffold product for applications in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subha N Rath
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Minuth WW, Denk L. Supportive development of functional tissues for biomedical research using the MINUSHEET® perfusion system. Clin Transl Med 2012; 1:22. [PMID: 23369669 PMCID: PMC3560978 DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-1-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional tissues generated under in vitro conditions are urgently needed in biomedical research. However, the engineering of tissues is rather difficult, since their development is influenced by numerous parameters. In consequence, a versatile culture system was developed to respond the unmet needs. Optimal adhesion for cells in this system is reached by the selection of individual biomaterials. To protect cells during handling and culture, the biomaterial is mounted onto a MINUSHEET® tissue carrier. While adherence of cells takes place in the static environment of a 24 well culture plate, generation of tissues is accomplished in one of several available perfusion culture containers. In the basic version a continuous flow of always fresh culture medium is provided to the developing tissue. In a gradient perfusion culture container epithelia are exposed to different fluids at the luminal and basal sides. Another special container with a transparent lid and base enables microscopic visualization of ongoing tissue development. A further container exhibits a flexible silicone lid to apply force onto the developing tissue thereby mimicking mechanical load that is required for developing connective and muscular tissue. Finally, stem/progenitor cells are kept at the interface of an artificial polyester interstitium within a perfusion culture container offering for example an optimal environment for the spatial development of renal tubules. The system presented here was evaluated by various research groups. As a result a variety of publications including most interesting applications were published. In the present paper these data were reviewed and analyzed. All of the results point out that the cell biological profile of engineered tissues can be strongly improved, when the introduced perfusion culture technique is applied in combination with specific biomaterials supporting primary adhesion of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pusch J, Votteler M, Göhler S, Engl J, Hampel M, Walles H, Schenke-Layland K. The physiological performance of a three-dimensional model that mimics the microenvironment of the small intestine. Biomaterials 2011; 32:7469-78. [PMID: 21764120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Our focus was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) human dynamic in vitro tissue model that mimics the natural microenvironment of the small intestine. We co-cultured human Caco-2 cells with primary-isolated human microvascular endothelial cells (hMECs) on decellularized porcine jejunal segments within a custom-made dynamic bioreactor system that resembles the apical and basolateral side of the intestine for up to 14 days. The obtained data were compared to results generated using routine static Caco-2 assays. We performed histology and immunohistochemistry. Permeability was measured using directed transport studies. Histological analyses revealed that in tissue-engineered segments, which had been cultured under dynamic conditions, the Caco-2 cells showed a high-prismatic morphology, resembling normal primary enterocytes within their native environment. We further identified that the transport of low permeable substances, such as fluorescein and desmopressin increased within the dynamic bioreactor cultures. Immunohistochemical staining showed a significantly higher expression of the efflux transport p-glycoprotein (p-gp) under dynamic culture conditions when compared to the static cultures. We conclude that the integration of physiological parameters is crucial for the establishment of a reliable 3D intestinal in vitro model, which enables the simulation of drug transport over the gut-blood-barrier in a simplified way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Pusch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kalamarz-Kubiak H, Gozdowska M, Nietrzeba M, Kulczykowska E. A novel approach to AVT and IT studies in fish brain and pituitary: in vitro perfusion technique. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 199:56-61. [PMID: 21569795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to develop a new procedure for perfusion of brain and pituitary explants collected from three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). The procedure was elaborated for studies of arginine vasotocin (AVT) and isotocin (IT) release from explants of both species. AVT and IT, analogs of mammalian vasopressin and oxytocin, are neurohormones produced in hypothalamus and released in neurohypophysis of Teleostei. Both nonapeptides are used as biomarkers of fish well being. Three perfusion sets were applied to test the method of medium transport into gradient container, without or with aeration. Medium supply to the gradient container from the top, without aeration is recommended only for short-term studies. Aeration of the medium with a mixture of 95% O(2) and 5% CO(2) at a pressure of 127.51 mm Hg is necessary for a long-term research. Transport of one or two media in the gradient container from the top and the bottom, simultaneously, requires aeration with a mixture of 95% O(2) and 5% CO(2) at a pressure of 315.03 mm Hg. Although the presented procedure has been elaborated for studies of AVT and IT in fish explants, after only minor modification, if any, it can serve many other purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kalamarz-Kubiak
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Science, Powstańców Warszawy 55 Str., 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|