1
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Kumar P, Bird C, Holland D, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Current and next-generation formulation strategies for inactivated polio vaccines to lower costs, increase coverage, and facilitate polio eradication. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2154100. [PMID: 36576132 PMCID: PMC9891683 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2154100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementation of inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) containing Sabin strains (sIPV) will further enable global polio eradication efforts by improving vaccine safety during use and containment during manufacturing. Moreover, sIPV-containing vaccines will lower costs and expand production capacity to facilitate more widespread use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review focuses on the role of vaccine formulation in these efforts including traditional Salk IPV vaccines and new sIPV-containing dosage forms. The physicochemical properties and stability profiles of poliovirus antigens are described. Formulation approaches to lower costs include developing multidose and combination vaccine formats as well as improving storage stability. Formulation strategies for dose-sparing and enhanced mucosal immunity include employing adjuvants (e.g. aluminum-salt and newer adjuvants) and/or novel delivery systems (e.g. ID administration with microneedle patches). The potential for applying these low-cost formulation development strategies to other vaccines to further improve vaccine access and coverage in LMICs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Christopher Bird
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David Holland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sangeeta B. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David B. Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA,CONTACT David B. Volkin Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Multidisciplinary Research Building, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS66047, USA
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2
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Drug delivery with dissolving microneedles: Skin puncture, its influencing factors and improvement strategies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3
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In vivo, in situ and ex vivo comparison of porcine skin for microprojection array penetration depth, delivery efficiency and elastic modulus assessment. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 130:105187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Coffey JW, van der Burg NMD, Rananakomol T, Ng HI, Fernando GJP, Kendall MAF. An Ultrahigh‐Density Microneedle Array for Skin Vaccination: Inducing Epidermal Cell Death by Increasing Microneedle Density Enhances Total IgG and IgG1 Immune Responses. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Coffey
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Division of Gastroenterology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Nicole M. D. van der Burg
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Thippayawan Rananakomol
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Hwee-Ing Ng
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- Vaxxas Pty Translational Research Institute Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Mark A. F. Kendall
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
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5
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Cai Y, Huang S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhu X, Chen X, Ding X. Bioinspired Rotation Microneedles for Accurate Transdermal Positioning and Ultraminimal-Invasive Biomarker Detection with Mechanical Robustness. RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9869734. [PMID: 35350471 PMCID: PMC8924791 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9869734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle permits transdermal biosensing and drug delivery with minor pain. However, accurate microneedle transdermal positioning with minimal skin deformation remains a significant technical challenge due to inhomogeneous skin topology and discontinuous force applied to the microneedle. Here, we introduce bioinspired rotation microneedles for in vivo accurate microneedle positioning as inspired by honeybees’ stingers. We demonstrate the benefits of rotation microneedles in alleviating skin resistance through finite element analysis, full-thickness porcine validations, and mathematical derivations of microneedle-skin interaction stress fields. The max penetration force was mitigated by up to 45.7% and the force attenuation rate increased to 2.73 times in the holding stage after penetration. A decrease in max skin deflection and a faster deformation recovery introduced by rotation microneedles implied a more precise penetration depth. Furthermore, we applied the rotation microneedles in psoriasis mice, a monogenic disorder animal model, for minimally invasive biological sample extraction and proinflammatory cytokine monitoring. An ultrasensitive detection method is realized by using only one microneedle to achieve cytokine mRNA level determination compared to commonly required biopsies or blood collection. Thus, rotation microneedles permit a simple, rapid, and ultraminimal-invasive method for subcutaneous trace biological sample acquisition and subsequent point-of-care diagnostics with minimal damage to both microneedles and skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhinan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiazheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xingyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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6
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Murty R, Sankaranarayanan A, Bowland II, Mena-Lapaix J, Prausnitz MR. Angled Insertion of Microneedles for Targeted Antigen Delivery to the Epidermis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020347. [PMID: 35214079 PMCID: PMC8874562 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut and tree nut allergies account for most food-induced anaphylactic events. The standard allergy immunotherapy approach involves subcutaneous injection, which is challenging because severe adverse reactions can occur when antigens spread systemically. Allergen localization within the epidermis (i.e., the upper 20–100 µm of skin) should significantly reduce systemic uptake, because the epidermis is avascular. Microneedle (MN) patches provide a convenient method for drug delivery to the skin, but they generally target both epidermis and dermis, leading to systemic delivery. In this study, we adapted MN technology for epidermal localization by performing angled insertion of 250 µm–long MNs that limits MN insertion depth mostly to the epidermis. We designed a biplanar insertion device to aid the repeatability of angled insertions into porcine skin ex vivo at specified angles (90°, 45°, and 20°). When compared to 90° insertions, MN application at 20° decreased mean insertion depth from 265 ± 45 µm to 97 ± 15 µm. Image analysis of histological skin sections revealed that acute-angle insertion increased epidermal localization of delivery for antigen-coated MNs from 25% ± 13% to 70% ± 21%. We conclude that angled insertion of MNs can target antigen delivery to epidermis.
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7
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Ebrahiminejad V, Faraji Rad Z, Prewett PD, Davies GJ. Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:629-640. [PMID: 35874440 PMCID: PMC9273988 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) patches have considerable potential for medical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, point-of-care diagnostics, and vaccination. These miniature microdevices should successfully pierce the skin tissues while having enough stiffness to withstand the forces imposed by penetration. Developing low-cost and simple manufacturing processes for MNs is of considerable interest. This study reports a simple fabrication process for thermoplastic MNs from cycloolefin polymers (COP) using hot embossing on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft molds. COP has gained interest due to its high molding performance and low cost. The resin master MN arrays (9 × 9) were fabricated using two-photon polymerization (TPP). A previous gap in the detailed characterization of the embossing process was investigated, showing an average of 4.99 ± 0.35% longitudinal shrinkage and 2.15 ± 0.96% lateral enlargement in the molded MN replicas. The effects of bending, buckling, and tip blunting were then examined using compression tests and also theoretically. MN array insertion performance was studied in vitro on porcine back skin using both a prototype custom-made applicator and a commercial device. An adjustable skin stretcher mechanism was designed and manufactured to address current limitations for mimicking skin in vivo conditions. Finite element analysis (FEA) was developed to simulate single MN insertion into a multilayered skin model and validated experimentally using a commercial Pen Needle as a model for the thermoplastic MNs. Margins of safety for the current MN design demonstrated its potential for transdermal drug delivery and fluid sampling. Experimental results indicated significant penetration improvements using the prototype applicator, which produced array penetration efficiencies as high as >92%, depending on the impact velocity setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ebrahiminejad
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
| | - Zahra Faraji Rad
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
| | - Philip D Prewett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Oxacus Ltd., Dorchester-on-Thames, OX10 7HN, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Davies
- Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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8
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Yamada M, Dang N, Lin LL, Flewell-Smith R, Espartero LJL, Bramono D, Grégoire S, Belt PJ, Prow TW. Elongated microparticles tuned for targeting hyaluronic acid delivery to specific skin strata. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:738-747. [PMID: 34757625 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microneedle or fractional laser applications are the most common topical delivery enhancement platforms. However, these methods of drug delivery are not skin strata specific. Drug delivery approaches which could target specific stratum of the skin remains a challenge. Elongated microparticles (EMPs) have been used in enhancing drug delivery into the skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, elongated silica microparticles with two different length profiles to enhance delivery of hyaluronic acid into different strata of human skin. METHODS Two types of EMPs - long (milled EMPs) or short (etched EMPs) length ranges were characterized. A prototypical liquid formulation (Fluorescent hyaluronic acid) with and without EMP enhancement were evaluated for hyaluronic acid delivery in ex-vivo human skin. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Typhoon fluorescence scanning system, Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM) were used to validate F-HA stability, visualize fluorescein in the skin, image the depth of F-HA delivery in the skin and define EMP penetration in skin strata, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism 6 software (GraphPad Software Inc, USA). RESULTS Fluorescein-hyaluronic acid was stable and EMP enhanced skin penetration. Reflectance confocal microscopy revealed that "etched EMP" penetrated the skin to the stratum spinosum level. The vast majority (97.8%; p < 0.001) of the etched EMP did not penetrate completely through the viable epidermis and no obvious penetration into the dermis. In contrast, milled EMP showed 41-fold increase in penetration compared to the etched EMP but penetrated beyond the dermoepidermal junction. CONCLUSION EMPs can enhance delivery of hyaluronic acid. Using EMPs with defined length distributions, which can be tuned for a specific stratum of the skin, can achieve targeted hyaluronic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miko Yamada
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nhung Dang
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lynlee L Lin
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ross Flewell-Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Diah Bramono
- Open Innovation, L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Singapore
| | - Sébastien Grégoire
- Advanced Research, L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Paul J Belt
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Skin Research Centre, York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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9
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McMillan CLD, Choo JJY, Idris A, Supramaniam A, Modhiran N, Amarilla AA, Isaacs A, Cheung STM, Liang B, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Azuar A, Acharya D, Kelly G, Fernando GJP, Landsberg MJ, Khromykh AA, Watterson D, Young PR, McMillan NAJ, Muller DA. Complete protection by a single-dose skin patch-delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj8065. [PMID: 34714668 PMCID: PMC8555896 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 160 million people and resulted in more than 3.3 million deaths, and despite the availability of multiple vaccines, the world still faces many challenges with their rollout. Here, we use the high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) to deliver a SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit vaccine directly to the skin. We show that the vaccine is thermostable on the patches, with patch delivery enhancing both cellular and antibody immune responses. Elicited antibodies potently neutralize clinically relevant isolates including the Alpha and Beta variants. Last, a single dose of HD-MAP–delivered spike provided complete protection from a lethal virus challenge in an ACE2-transgenic mouse model. Collectively, these data show that HD-MAP delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was superior to traditional needle-and-syringe vaccination and may be a significant addition to the ongoing COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jovin J. Y. Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Aroon Supramaniam
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stacey T. M. Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dhruba Acharya
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Kelly
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Michael J. Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Nigel A. J. McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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10
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11
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Wan Y, Gupta V, Bird C, Pullagurla SR, Fahey P, Forster A, Volkin DB, Joshi SB. Formulation Development and Improved Stability of a Combination Measles and Rubella Live-Viral Vaccine Dried for Use in the Nanopatch TM Microneedle Delivery System. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2501-2516. [PMID: 33957843 PMCID: PMC8475600 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1887692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles (Me) and rubella (Ru) viral diseases are targeted for elimination by ensuring a high level of vaccination coverage worldwide. Less costly, more convenient MeRu vaccine delivery systems should improve global vaccine coverage, especially in low - and middle - income countries (LMICs). In this work, we examine formulating a live, attenuated Me and Ru combination viral vaccine with Nanopatch™, a solid polymer micro-projection array for intradermal delivery. First, high throughput, qPCR-based viral infectivity and genome assays were established to enable formulation development to stabilize Me and Ru in a scaled-down, custom-built evaporative drying system to mimic the Nanopatch™ vaccine coating process. Second, excipient screening and optimization studies identified virus stabilizers for use during the drying process and upon storage in the dried state. Finally, a series of real-time and accelerated stability studies identified eight candidate formulations that met a target thermal stability criterion for live vaccines (<1 log10 loss after 1 week storage at 37°C). Compared to -80°C control samples, the top candidate formulations resulted in minimal viral infectivity titer losses after storage at 2-8°C for 6 months (i.e., <0.1 log10 for Me, and ~0.4 log10 for Ru). After storage at 25°C over 6 months, ~0.3-0.5 and ~1.0-1.4 log10 titer losses were observed for Me and Ru, respectively, enabling the rank-ordering of the stability of candidate formulations. These results are discussed in the context of future formulation challenges for developing microneedle-based dosage forms containing stabilized live, attenuated viral vaccines for use in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Christopher Bird
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Swathi R. Pullagurla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Paul Fahey
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angus Forster
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David B. Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sangeeta B. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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12
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Chen Y, Alba M, Tieu T, Tong Z, Minhas RS, Rudd D, Voelcker NH, Cifuentes-Rius A, Elnathan R. Engineering Micro–Nanomaterials for Biomedical Translation. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility 151 Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Maria Alba
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility 151 Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Terence Tieu
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Ziqiu Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Rajpreet Singh Minhas
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility 151 Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - David Rudd
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility 151 Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility 151 Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University 22 Alliance Lane Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2 2 Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| | - Anna Cifuentes-Rius
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility 151 Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University 22 Alliance Lane Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
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13
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Lim H, Ha S, Bae M, Yoon SH. A highly robust approach to fabricate the mass-customizable mold of sharp-tipped biodegradable polymer microneedles for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120475. [PMID: 33737092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A skin-perforable dissolving microneedle is a promising mediator for painlessly delivering active pharmaceutical compounds across the skin. All the microneedle manufacturing processes so far, however, are much sensitive to input variation and unfavorable for make-to-order approach. Here, a robust method for fabricating mass-customizable master molds is developed to prepare sharp-tipped biodegradable polymer microneedles. Our approach combines the predrying and chip casting (PCC) of an ultrathick photoresist layer with a substrateless, inclined, and rotational exposure (SIR exposure). The PCC achieves the uniform reduction of solvent across the photoresist thickness which is critically required for the formation of a sharp tip; the SIR exposure creates master molds whose geometry is easily customizable and virtually insensitive to a variation in ultraviolet (UV) exposure dose. A theoretical model for the spatiotemporal distribution of UV dose under SIR exposure is established to show the technological superiority of our method. Next, our method's applicability is proven by fabricating a set of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microneedles and performing both porcine skin penetration test and their in vitro degradation test. Our approach is verified to be robust in manufacturing mass-customizable molds for skin-perforable dissolving microneedles and to have high compatibility with almost all existing biodegradable polymers. The findings of this study lead to both a significant growth of dissolving microneedle-mediated drug delivery and better understanding of drug release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeoncheol Lim
- Bioinspired Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Ha
- Bioinspired Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Bae
- Bioinspired Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Yoon
- Bioinspired Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Characterization of microneedles and microchannels for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:77-103. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedle (MN)-based technologies are currently one of the most innovative approaches that are being extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of low molecular weight drugs, biotherapeutic agents and vaccines. Extensive research reports, describing the fabrication and applications of different types of MNs, can be readily found in the literature. Effective characterization tools to evaluate the quality and performance of the MNs as well as for determination of the dimensional and kinetic properties of the microchannels created in the skin, are an essential and critical part of MN-based research. This review paper provides a comprehensive account of all such tools and techniques.
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15
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Caffarel-Salvador E, Kim S, Soares V, Tian RY, Stern SR, Minahan D, Yona R, Lu X, Zakaria FR, Collins J, Wainer J, Wong J, McManus R, Tamang S, McDonnell S, Ishida K, Hayward A, Liu X, Hubálek F, Fels J, Vegge A, Frederiksen MR, Rahbek U, Yoshitake T, Fujimoto J, Roxhed N, Langer R, Traverso G. A microneedle platform for buccal macromolecule delivery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe2620. [PMID: 33523951 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alternative means for drug delivery are needed to facilitate drug adherence and administration. Microneedles (MNs) have been previously investigated transdermally for drug delivery. To date, drug loading into MNs has been limited by drug solubility in the polymeric blend. We designed a highly drug-loaded MN patch to deliver macromolecules and applied it to the buccal area, which allows for faster delivery than the skin. We successfully delivered 1-mg payloads of human insulin and human growth hormone to the buccal cavity of swine within 30 s. In addition, we conducted a trial in 100 healthy volunteers to assess potential discomfort associated with MNs when applied in the oral cavity, identifying the hard palate as the preferred application site. We envisage that MN patches applied on buccal surfaces could increase medication adherence and facilitate the painless delivery of biologics and other drugs to many, especially for the pediatric and elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Caffarel-Salvador
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vance Soares
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ryan Yu Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sarah R Stern
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Minahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raissa Yona
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fauziah R Zakaria
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joy Collins
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacob Wainer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jessica Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rebecca McManus
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Siddartha Tamang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shane McDonnell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keiko Ishida
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alison Hayward
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiewen Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - František Hubálek
- Global Research Technologies, Global Drug Discovery, and Device R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Johannes Fels
- Global Research Technologies, Global Drug Discovery, and Device R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Andreas Vegge
- Global Research Technologies, Global Drug Discovery, and Device R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Rahbek
- Global Research Technologies, Global Drug Discovery, and Device R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Tadayuki Yoshitake
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Langer
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Ahmad Tarar A, Mohammad U, K. Srivastava S. Wearable Skin Sensors and Their Challenges: A Review of Transdermal, Optical, and Mechanical Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E56. [PMID: 32481598 PMCID: PMC7345448 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wearable technology and mobile healthcare systems are both increasingly popular solutions to traditional healthcare due to their ease of implementation and cost-effectiveness for remote health monitoring. Recent advances in research, especially the miniaturization of sensors, have significantly contributed to commercializing the wearable technology. Most of the traditional commercially available sensors are either mechanical or optical, but nowadays transdermal microneedles are also being used for micro-sensing such as continuous glucose monitoring. However, there remain certain challenges that need to be addressed before the possibility of large-scale deployment. The biggest challenge faced by all these wearable sensors is our skin, which has an inherent property to resist and protect the body from the outside world. On the other hand, biosensing is not possible without overcoming this resistance. Consequently, understanding the skin structure and its response to different types of sensing is necessary to remove the scientific barriers that are hindering our ability to design more efficient and robust skin sensors. In this article, we review research reports related to three different biosensing modalities that are commonly used along with the challenges faced in their implementation for detection. We believe this review will be of significant use to researchers looking to solve existing problems within the ongoing research in wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Ahmad Tarar
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Umair Mohammad
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Soumya K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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17
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Badizadegan K, Goodson JL, Rota PA, Thompson KM. The potential role of using vaccine patches to induce immunity: platform and pathways to innovation and commercialization. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:175-194. [PMID: 32182145 PMCID: PMC7814398 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1732215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In the last two decades, the evidence related to using vaccine patches with multiple short projections (≤1 mm) to deliver vaccines through the skin increased significantly and demonstrated their potential as an innovative delivery platform.Areas covered: We review the vaccine patch literature published in English as of 1 March 2019, as well as available information from key stakeholders related to vaccine patches as a platform. We identify key research topics related to basic and translational science on skin physical properties and immunobiology, patch development, and vaccine manufacturing.Expert opinion: Currently, vaccine patch developers continue to address some basic science and other platform issues in the context of developing a potential vaccine patch presentation for an existing or new vaccine. Additional clinical data and manufacturing experience could shift the balance toward incentivizing existing vaccine manufactures to further explore the use of vaccine patches to deliver their products. Incentives for innovation of vaccine patches differ for developed and developing countries, which will necessitate different strategies (e.g. public-private partnerships, push, or pull mechanisms) to support the basic and applied research needed to ensure a strong evidence base and to overcome translational barriers for vaccine patches as a delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James L Goodson
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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18
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Efficient Delivery of Dengue Virus Subunit Vaccines to the Skin by Microprojection Arrays. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040189. [PMID: 31756967 PMCID: PMC6963636 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is the most important arbovirus impacting global human health, with an estimated 390 million infections annually, and over half the world’s population at risk of infection. While significant efforts have been made to develop effective vaccines to mitigate this threat, the task has proven extremely challenging, with new approaches continually being sought. The majority of protective, neutralizing antibodies induced during infection are targeted by the envelope (E) protein, making it an ideal candidate for a subunit vaccine approach. Using truncated, recombinant, secreted E proteins (sE) of all 4 dengue virus serotypes, we have assessed their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice, with or without Quil-A as an adjuvant, and delivered via micropatch array (MPA) to the skin in comparison with more traditional routes of immunization. The micropatch contains an ultra-high density array (21,000/cm2) of 110 μm microprojections. Mice received 3 doses of 1 μg (nanopatch, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intra muscular injection) or 10 μg (intradermal, subcutaneous, or intra muscular injection) of tetravalent sE spaced 4 weeks apart. When adjuvanted with Quil-A, tetravalent sE vaccination delivered via MPA resulted in earlier induction of virus-neutralizing IgG antibodies for all four serotypes when compared with all of the other vaccination routes. Using the infectious dengue virus AG129 mouse infectious dengue model, these neutralizing antibodies protected all mice from lethal dengue virus type 2 D220 challenge, with protected animals showing no signs of disease or circulating virus. If these results can be translated to humans, MPA-delivered sE represents a promising approach to dengue virus vaccination.
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19
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Microprojection arrays applied to skin generate mechanical stress, induce an inflammatory transcriptome and cell death, and improve vaccine-induced immune responses. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:41. [PMID: 31632742 PMCID: PMC6789026 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical adjuvants are typically used to improve immune responses induced by immunisation with protein antigens. Here we demonstrate an approach to enhance immune responses that does not require chemical adjuvants. We applied microprojection arrays to the skin, producing a range of controlled mechanical energy to invoke localised inflammation, while administering influenza split virus protein antigen. We used validated computational modelling methods to identify links between mechanical stress and energy generated within the skin strata and resultant cell death. We compared induced immune responses to those induced by needle-based intradermal antigen delivery and used a systems biology approach to examine the nature of the induced inflammatory response, and correlated this with markers of cell stress and death. Increasing the microprojection array application energy and the addition of QS-21 adjuvant were each associated with enhanced antibody response to delivered antigen and with induction of gene transcriptions associated with TNF and NF-κB signalling pathways. We concluded that microprojection intradermal antigen delivery inducing controlled local cell death could potentially replace chemical adjuvants to enhance the immune response to protein antigen. Adjuvants play an essential function in vaccine formulations by boosting immune responses to the delivered antigen. Mark A. F. Kendall and colleagues investigate the efficacy of vaccine delivered intradermally via NanopatchTM—a 16 mm2 ultra-high-density array of 100 micron needles. Systems analysis comparisons demonstrate that depending on the force applied, the NanopatchTM triggers skin transcriptomic changes similar to that elicited by the adjuvant QS-21, including evidence of localised cell death and inflammatory gene expression. Flu vaccine delivered by NanopatchTM elicits anti-hemagglutinin titers equivalent to that observed with conventional intradermal syringe delivery of vaccine plus adjuvant. Sterile mechanical stress elicited by the application of microneedles might therefore be a viable replacement to the use of conventional needles.
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20
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Abstract
Conventional skin and blood sampling techniques for disease diagnosis, though effective, are often highly invasive and some even suffer from variations in analysis. With the improvements in molecular detection, the amount of starting sample quantity needed has significantly reduced in some diagnostic procedures, and this has led to an increased interest in microsampling techniques for disease biomarker detection. The miniaturization of sampling platforms driven by microsampling has the potential to shift disease diagnosis and monitoring closer to the point of care. The faster turnaround time for actionable results has improved patient care. The variations in sample quantification and analysis remain a challenge in the microsampling field. The future of microsampling looks promising. Emerging techniques are being clinically tested and monitored by regulatory bodies. This process is leading to safer and more reliable diagnostic platforms. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current skin and blood microsampling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson U W Lei
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Building MM - MM2-01F, GPO Box 2471, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.,Dermatology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Building MM - MM2-01F, GPO Box 2471, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia. .,Dermatology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
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21
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Meyer BK, Kendall MAF, Williams DM, Bett AJ, Dubey S, Gentzel RC, Casimiro D, Forster A, Corbett H, Crichton M, Baker SB, Evans RK, Bhambhani A. Immune response and reactogenicity of an unadjuvanted intradermally delivered human papillomavirus vaccine using a first generation Nanopatch™ in rhesus macaques: An exploratory, pre-clinical feasibility assessment. Vaccine X 2019; 2:100030. [PMID: 31384745 PMCID: PMC6668242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) 9-valent, recombinant vaccine (Gardasil™9) helps protect young adults (males and females) against anogenital cancers and genital warts caused by certain HPV genotypes (ref. Gardasil™9 insert). This vaccine is administered intramuscularly (IM). The aim of this study was to determine preclinically whether intradermal (ID) vaccination with an unadjuvanted 9-valent recombinant HPV vaccine using a first-generation ID delivery device, the Nanopatch™, could enhance vaccine immunogenicity compared with the traditional ID route (Mantoux technique). IM injection of HPV VLPs formulated with Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA Alum Adjuvant (MAA) were included in the rhesus study for comparison. The Nanopatch™ prototype contains a high-density array comprised of 10,000 microprojections/cm2, each 250 µm long. It was hypothesized the higher density array with shallower ID delivery may be superior to the Mantoux technique. To test this hypothesis, HPV VLPs without adjuvant were coated on the Nanopatch™, stability of the Nanopatch™ with unadjuvanted HPV VLPs were evaluated under accelerated conditions, skin delivery was verified using radiolabelled VLPs or FluoSpheres®, and the immune response and skin site reaction with the Nanopatch™ was evaluated in rhesus macaques. The immune response induced by Nanopatch™ administration, measured as HPV-specific binding antibodies, was similar to that induced using the Mantoux technique. It was also observed that a lower dose of unadjuvanted HPV VLPs delivered with the first-generation Nanopatch™ and applicator or Mantoux technique resulted in an immune response that was significantly lower compared to a higher-dose of alum adjuvanted HPV VLPs delivered IM in rhesus macaques. The study also indicated unadjuvanted HPV VLPs could be delivered with the first-generation Nanopatch™ and applicator to the skin in 15 s with a transfer efficiency of approximately 20%. This study is the first demonstration of patch administration in non-human primates with a vaccine composed of HPV VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Meyer
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia.,Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Donna M Williams
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Andrew J Bett
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sheri Dubey
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Renee C Gentzel
- Movement Disorders and Translation, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Danilo Casimiro
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Angus Forster
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Holly Corbett
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Crichton
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia.,Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - S Ben Baker
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia.,Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Robert K Evans
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Akhilesh Bhambhani
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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22
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Ingrole RSJ, Gill HS. Microneedle Coating Methods: A Review with a Perspective. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:555-569. [PMID: 31175217 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A coated microneedle array comprises sharp micrometer-sized needle shafts attached to a base substrate and coated with a drug on their surfaces. Coated microneedles are under investigation for drug delivery into the skin and other tissues, and a broad assortment of active materials, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, deoxyribonucleic acids, and viruses, have been coated onto microneedles. To coat the microneedles, different methods have been developed. Some coating methods achieve selective coating of just the microneedle shafts, whereas other methods coat not only microneedle shafts but also the array base substrate. Selective coating of just the microneedle shafts is more desirable since it provides control over drug dosage, prevents drug waste, and offers high delivery efficiency. Different excipients are added to the coating liquid to modulate its viscosity and surface tension in order to achieve uniform coatings on microneedles. Coated microneedles have been used in a broad range of biomedical applications. To highlight these different applications, a table summarizing the different active materials and the amounts coated on microneedles is provided. We also discuss factors that should be considered when deciding suitability of coated microneedles for new-drug delivery applications. In recent years, many coated microneedles have been investigated in human clinical trials, and there is now a strong effort to bring the first coated microneedle-based product to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S J Ingrole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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23
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Haridass IN, Wei JCJ, Mohammed YH, Crichton ML, Anderson CD, Henricson J, Sanchez WY, Meliga SC, Grice JE, Benson HAE, Kendall MAF, Roberts MS. Cellular metabolism and pore lifetime of human skin following microprojection array mediation. J Control Release 2019; 306:59-68. [PMID: 31121279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin-targeting microscale medical devices are becoming popular for therapeutic delivery and diagnosis. We used cryo-SEM, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), autofluorescence imaging microscopy and inflammatory response to study the puncturing and recovery of human skin ex vivo and in vivo after discretised puncturing by a microneedle array (Nanopatch®). Pores induced by the microprojections were found to close by ~25% in diameter within the first 30 min, and almost completely close by ~6 h. FLIM images of ex vivo viable epidermis showed a stable fluorescence lifetime for unpatched areas of ~1000 ps up to 24 h. Only the cells in the immediate puncture zones (in direct contact with projections) showed a reduction in the observed fluorescence lifetimes to between ~518-583 ps. The ratio of free-bound NAD(P)H (α1/α2) in unaffected areas of the viable epidermis was ~2.5-3.0, whereas the ratio at puncture holes was almost double at ~4.2-4.6. An exploratory pilot in vivo study also suggested similar closure rate with histamine administration to the forearms of human volunteers after Nanopatch® treatment, although a prolonged inflammation was observed with Tissue Viability Imaging. Overall, this work shows that the pores created by the microneedle-type medical device, Nanopatch®, are transient, with the skin recovering rapidly within 1-2 days in the epidermis after application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha N Haridass
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jonathan C J Wei
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628, CD, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yousuf H Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Michael L Crichton
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joakim Henricson
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Linköping University, Department of Emergency Medicine Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Washington Y Sanchez
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Stefano C Meliga
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey E Grice
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Heather A E Benson
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia.
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24
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Vreman S, McCaffrey J, Popma-de Graaf DJ, Nauwynck H, Savelkoul HFJ, Moore A, Rebel JMJ, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N. Toll-like receptor agonists as adjuvants for inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 212:27-37. [PMID: 31213249 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists can effectively stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and are anticipated to be promising adjuvants in combination with inactivated vaccines. In this study, the adjuvant potential of three different TLR-agonists were compared with an oil-in-water (O/W) adjuvant in combination with inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (iPRRSV) applied by different administration routes: intramuscular (i.m.) or into the skin using dissolving microneedle (DMN) patches. Pigs received a prime vaccination followed by a booster vaccination four weeks later. TLR1/2 (Pam3Cys), TLR7/8 (R848) or TLR9 (CpG ODN) agonists were used as adjuvant in combination with iPRRSV strain 07V063. O/W adjuvant (Montanide™) was used as reference control adjuvant and one group received a placebo vaccination containing diluent only. All animals received a homologous challenge with PRRSV three weeks after the booster vaccination. Antibody and IFN-γ production, serum cytokines and viremia were measured at several time-points after vaccination and/or challenge, and lung pathology at necropsy. Our results indicate that a TLR 1/2, 7/8 or 9 agonist as adjuvant with iPRRSV does not induce a detectable PRRSV-specific immune response, independent of the administration route. However, the i.m. TLR9 agonist group showed reduction of viremia upon challenge compared to the non-vaccinated animals, supported by a non-antigen-specific IFN-γ level after booster vaccination and an anamnestic antibody response after challenge. Montanide™-adjuvanted iPRRSV induced antigen-specific immunity after booster combined with reduction of vireamia. Skin application of TLR7/8 agonist, but not the other agonists, induced a local skin reaction. Further research is needed to explore the potential of TLR agonists as adjuvants for inactivated porcine vaccines with a preference for TLR9 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vreman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands; Cell Biology & Immunology group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology & Immunology group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Moore
- School of Pharmacy, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
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van der Burg NMD, Depelsenaire ACI, Crichton ML, Kuo P, Phipps S, Kendall MAF. A low inflammatory, Langerhans cell-targeted microprojection patch to deliver ovalbumin to the epidermis of mouse skin. J Control Release 2019; 302:190-200. [PMID: 30940498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In a low inflammatory skin environment, Langerhans cells (LCs) - but not dermal dendritic cells (dDCs) - contribute to the pivotal process of tolerance induction. Thus LCs are a target for specific-tolerance therapies. LCs reside just below the stratum corneum, within the skin's viable epidermis. One way to precisely deliver immunotherapies to LCs while remaining minimally invasive is with a skin delivery device such as a microprojection arrays (MPA). Today's MPAs currently achieve rapid delivery (e.g. within minutes of application), but are focussed primarily at delivery of therapeutics to the dermis, deeper within the skin. Indeed, no MPA currently delivers specifically to the epidermal LCs of mouse skin. Without any convenient, pre-clinical device available, advancement of LC-targeted therapies has been limited. In this study, we designed and tested a novel MPA that delivers ovalbumin to the mouse epidermis (eMPA) while maintaining a low, local inflammatory response (as defined by low erythema after 24 h). In comparison to available dermal-targeted MPAs (dMPA), only eMPAs with larger projection tip surface areas achieved shallow epidermal penetration at a low application energy. The eMPA characterised here induced significantly less erythema after 24 h (p = 0.0004), less epidermal swelling after 72 h (p < 0.0001) and 52% less epidermal cell death than the dMPA. Despite these differences in skin inflammation, the eMPA and dMPA promoted similar levels of LC migration out of the skin. However, only the eMPA promoted LCs to migrate with a low MHC II expression and in the absence of dDC migration. Implementing this more mouse-appropriate and low-inflammatory eMPA device to deliver potential immunotherapeutics could improve the practicality and cell-specific targeting of such therapeutics in the pre-clinical stage. Leading to more opportunities for LC-targeted therapeutics such as for allergy immunotherapy and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M D van der Burg
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QL 4072, Australia
| | - Alexandra C I Depelsenaire
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QL 4072, Australia
| | - Michael L Crichton
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QL 4072, Australia
| | - Paula Kuo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QL 4102, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QL 4006, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QL 4072, Australia; The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia.
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Duarah S, Sharma M, Wen J. Recent advances in microneedle-based drug delivery: Special emphasis on its use in paediatric population. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:48-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Juster H, Aar B, Brouwer H. A review on microfabrication of thermoplastic polymer‐based microneedle arrays. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Juster
- SABIC Plasticslaan 1, Bergen op Zoom The Netherlands
| | - Bart Aar
- SABIC Plasticslaan 1, Bergen op Zoom The Netherlands
| | - Hans Brouwer
- SABIC Plasticslaan 1, Bergen op Zoom The Netherlands
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Coffey JW, Corrie SR, Kendall MAF. Rapid and selective sampling of IgG from skin in less than 1 min using a high surface area wearable immunoassay patch. Biomaterials 2018; 170:49-57. [PMID: 29649748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microprojection array (MPA) patches are an attractive approach to selectively capture circulating proteins from the skin with minimal invasiveness for diagnostics at the point-of-care or in the home. A key challenge to develop this technology is to extract sufficient quantities of specific proteins from within the skin to enable high diagnostic sensitivity within a convenient amount of time. To achieve this, we investigated the effect of MPA geometry (i.e. projection density, length and array size) on protein capture. We hypothesised that the penetrated surface area of MPAs is a major determinant of protein capture however it was not known if simultaneously increasing projection density, length and array size is possible without adversely affecting penetration and/or tolerability. We show that increasing the projection density (5000-30,000 proj. cm-2) and array size (4-36 mm2) significantly increases biomarker capture whilst maintaining of a similar level tolerability, which supports previous literature for projection length (40-190 μm). Ultimately, we designed a high surface area MPA (30,000 proj. cm-2, 36 mm2, 140 μm) with a 4.5-fold increase in penetrated surface area compared to our standard MPA design (20,408 proj. cm-2, 16 mm2, 100 μm). The high surface area MPA captured antigen-specific IgG from mice in 30 s with 100% diagnostic sensitivity compared with 10-30 min for previous MPA immunoassay patches, which is over an order of magnitude reduction in wear time. This demonstrates for the first time that MPAs may be used for ultra-rapid (<1 min) protein capture from skin in a time competitive with standard clinical procedures like the needle and lancet, which has broad implications for minimally invasive and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Coffey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Simon R Corrie
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia; The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia.
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29
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Chen X. Current and future technological advances in transdermal gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:85-105. [PMID: 29273516 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal gene delivery holds significant advantages as it is able to minimize the problems of systemic administration such as enzymatic degradation, systemic toxicity, and poor delivery to target tissues. This technology has the potential to transform the treatment and prevention of a range of diseases. However, the skin poses a great barrier for gene delivery because of the "bricks-and-mortar" structure of the stratum corneum and the tight junctions between keratinocytes in the epidermis. This review systematically summarizes the typical physical and chemical approaches to overcome these barriers and facilitate gene delivery via skin for applications in vaccination, wound healing, skin cancers and skin diseases. Next, the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches are discussed and the insights for future development are provided.
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Blicharz TM, Gong P, Bunner BM, Chu LL, Leonard KM, Wakefield JA, Williams RE, Dadgar M, Tagliabue CA, El Khaja R, Marlin SL, Haghgooie R, Davis SP, Chickering DE, Bernstein H. Microneedle-based device for the one-step painless collection of capillary blood samples. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:151-157. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wan Y, Hickey JM, Bird C, Witham K, Fahey P, Forster A, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Development of Stabilizing Formulations of a Trivalent Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in a Dried State for Delivery in the Nanopatch™ Microprojection Array. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1540-1551. [PMID: 29421219 PMCID: PMC5959271 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide switch to inactivated polio vaccines (IPVs) is a key component of the overall strategy to achieve and maintain global polio eradication. To this end, new IPV vaccine delivery systems may enhance patient convenience and compliance. In this work, we examine Nanopatch™ (a solid, polymer microprojection array) which offers potential advantages over standard needle/syringe administration including intradermal delivery and reduced antigen doses. Using trivalent IPV (tIPV) and a purpose-built evaporative dry-down system, candidate tIPV formulations were developed to stabilize tIPV during the drying process and on storage. Identifying conditions to minimize tIPV potency losses during rehydration and potency testing was a critical first step. Various classes and types of pharmaceutical excipients (∼50 total) were then evaluated to mitigate potency losses (measured through D-antigen ELISAs for IPV1, IPV2, and IPV3) during drying and storage. Various concentrations and combinations of stabilizing additives were optimized in terms of tIPV potency retention, and 2 candidate tIPV formulations containing cyclodextrin and a reducing agent (e.g., glutathione), maintained ≥80% D-antigen potency during drying and subsequent storage for 4 weeks at 4°C, and ≥60% potency for 3 weeks at room temperature with the majority of losses occurring within the first day of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Christopher Bird
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Katey Witham
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Paul Fahey
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Angus Forster
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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Kim J, Park S, Nam G, Choi Y, Woo S, Yoon SH. Bioinspired microneedle insertion for deep and precise skin penetration with low force: Why the application of mechanophysical stimuli should be considered. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 78:480-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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In Vivo Experimental Study of Noninvasive Insulin Microinjection through Hollow Si Microneedle Array. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9010040. [PMID: 30393315 PMCID: PMC6187700 DOI: 10.3390/mi9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An experimental study of in vivo insulin delivery through microinjection by using hollow silicon microneedle array is presented. A case study was carried out on a healthy human subject in vivo to determine the influence of delivery parameters on drug transfer efficiency. As a microinjection device, a hollow microneedle array (13 × 13 mm2) having 100 microneedles (220 µm high, 130 µm-outer diameter and 50 µm-inner diameter) was designed and fabricated using classical microfabrication techniques. The efficiency of the delivery process was first characterized using methylene blue and a saline solution. Based on these results, the transfer efficiency was found to be predominantly limited by the inability of viable epidermis to absorb and allow higher drug transport toward the capillary-rich region. Two types of fast-acting insulin were used to provide evidence of efficient delivery by hollow MNA to a human subject. By performing blood analyses, infusion of more-concentrated insulin (200 IU/mL, international units (IU)) exhibited similar blood glucose level drop (5–7%) compared to insulin of standard concentration (100 IU/mL), however, significant increase of serum insulin (40–50%) with respect to the preinfusion values was determined. This was additionally confirmed by a distinctive increase of insulin to C-peptide ratio as compared to preinfusion ratio. Moreover, we noticed that this route of administration mimics a multiple dose regimen, able to get a “steady state” for insulin plasma concentration.
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35
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Chen Z, Lv Y, Qi J, Zhu Q, Lu Y, Wu W. Overcoming or circumventing the stratum corneum barrier for efficient transcutaneous immunization. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:181-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Muller DA, Fernando GJP, Owens NS, Agyei-Yeboah C, Wei JCJ, Depelsenaire ACI, Forster A, Fahey P, Weldon WC, Oberste MS, Young PR, Kendall MAF. High-density microprojection array delivery to rat skin of low doses of trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine elicits potent neutralising antibody responses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12644. [PMID: 28974777 PMCID: PMC5626768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To secure a polio-free world, the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) will eventually need to be replaced with inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV). However, current IPV delivery is less suitable for campaign use than OPV, and more expensive. We are progressing a microarray patch delivery platform, the Nanopatch, as an easy-to-use device to administer vaccines, including IPV. The Nanopatch contains an ultra-high density array (10,000/cm2) of short (~230 μm) microprojections that delivers dry coated vaccine into the skin. Here, we compare the relative immunogenicity of Nanopatch immunisation versus intramuscular injection in rats, using monovalent and trivalent formulations of IPV. Nanopatch delivery elicits faster antibody response kinetics, with high titres of neutralising antibody after just one (IPV2) or two (IPV1 and IPV3) immunisations, while IM injection requires two (IPV2) or three (IPV1 and IPV3) immunisations to induce similar responses. Seroconversion to each poliovirus type was seen in 100% of rats that received ~1/40th of a human dose of IPV delivered by Nanopatch, but not in rats given ~1/8th or ~1/40th dose by IM injection. Ease of administration coupled with dose reduction observed in this study suggests the Nanopatch could facilitate inexpensive IPV vaccination in campaign settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Muller
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Germain J P Fernando
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nick S Owens
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christiana Agyei-Yeboah
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan C J Wei
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexandra C I Depelsenaire
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Angus Forster
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Paul Fahey
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - William C Weldon
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Queensland, Australia.
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Schipper P, van der Maaden K, Groeneveld V, Ruigrok M, Romeijn S, Uleman S, Oomens C, Kersten G, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra J. Diphtheria toxoid and N -trimethyl chitosan layer-by-layer coated pH-sensitive microneedles induce potent immune responses upon dermal vaccination in mice. J Control Release 2017; 262:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Microneedle patches (MNPs) contain arrays of solid needles measuring hundreds of microns in length that deliver drugs and vaccines into skin in a painless, easy-to-use manner. Optimal MNP design balances multiple interdependent parameters that determine mechanical strength, skin-insertion reliability, drug delivery efficiency, painlessness, manufacturability, and other features of MNPs that affect their performance. MNPs can be made by adapting various microfabrication technologies for delivery of small-molecule drugs, biologics, and vaccines targeted to the skin, which can have pharmacokinetic and immunologic advantages. A small number of human clinical trials, as well as a large and growing market for MNP products for cosmetics, indicate that MNPs can be used safely, efficaciously, and with strong patient acceptance. More advanced clinical trials and commercial-scale manufacturing will facilitate development of MNPs to realize their potential to dramatically increase patient access to otherwise-injectable drugs and to improve drug performance via skin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100;
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Meliga SC, Coffey JW, Crichton ML, Flaim C, Veidt M, Kendall MA. The hyperelastic and failure behaviors of skin in relation to the dynamic application of microscopic penetrators in a murine model. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:341-356. [PMID: 27746361 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In-depth understanding of skin elastic and rupture behavior is fundamental to enable next-generation biomedical devices to directly access areas rich in cells and biomolecules. However, the paucity of skin mechanical characterization and lack of established fracture models limits their rational design. We present an experimental and numerical study of skin mechanics during dynamic interaction with individual and arrays of micro-penetrators. Initially, micro-indentation of individual skin strata revealed hyperelastic moduli were dramatically rate-dependent, enabling extrapolation of stiffness properties at high velocity regimes (>1ms-1). A layered finite-element model satisfactorily predicted the penetration of micro-penetrators using characteristic fracture energies (∼10pJμm-2) significantly lower than previously reported (≫100pJμm-2). Interestingly, with our standard application conditions (∼2ms-1, 35gpistonmass), ∼95% of the application kinetic energy was transferred to the backing support rather than the skin ∼5% (murine ear model). At higher velocities (∼10ms-1) strain energy accumulated in the top skin layers, initiating fracture before stress waves transmitted deformation to the backing material, increasing energy transfer efficiency to 55%. Thus, the tools developed provide guidelines to rationally engineer skin penetrators to increase depth targeting consistency and payload delivery across patients whilst minimizing penetration energy to control skin inflammation, tolerability and acceptability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanics of skin penetration by dynamically-applied microscopic tips is investigated using a combined experimental-computational approach. A FE model of skin is parameterized using indentation tests and a ductile-failure implementation validated against penetration assays. The simulations shed light on skin elastic and fracture properties, and elucidate the interaction with microprojection arrays for vaccine delivery allowing rational design of next-generation devices.
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Ng HI, Fernando GJP, Depelsenaire ACI, Kendall MAF. Potent response of QS-21 as a vaccine adjuvant in the skin when delivered with the Nanopatch, resulted in adjuvant dose sparing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29368. [PMID: 27404789 PMCID: PMC4941647 DOI: 10.1038/srep29368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants play a key role in boosting immunogenicity of vaccines, particularly for subunit protein vaccines. In this study we investigated the induction of antibody response against trivalent influenza subunit protein antigen and a saponin adjuvant, QS-21. Clinical trials of QS-21 have demonstrated the safety but, also a need of high dose for optimal immunity, which could possibly reduce patient acceptability. Here, we proposed the use of a skin delivery technology - the Nanopatch - to reduce both adjuvant and antigen dose but also retain its immune stimulating effects when compared to the conventional needle and syringe intramuscular (IM) delivery. We have demonstrated that Nanopatch delivery to skin requires only 1/100(th) of the IM antigen dose to induce equivalent humoral response. QS-21 enhanced humoral response in both skin and muscle route. Additionally, Nanopatch has demonstrated 30-fold adjuvant QS-21 dose sparing while retaining immune stimulating effects compared to IM. QS-21 induced localised, controlled cell death in the skin, suggesting that the danger signals released from dead cells contributed to the enhanced immunogenicity. Taken together, these findings demonstrated the suitability of reduced dose of QS-21 and the antigen using the Nanopatch to enhance humoral responses, and the potential to increase patient acceptability of QS-21 adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee-Ing Ng
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra C. I. Depelsenaire
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A. F. Kendall
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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Kathuria H, Li H, Pan J, Lim SH, Kochhar JS, Wu C, Kang L. Large Size Microneedle Patch to Deliver Lidocaine through Skin. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2653-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Crichton ML, Muller DA, Depelsenaire ACI, Pearson FE, Wei J, Coffey J, Zhang J, Fernando GJP, Kendall MAF. The changing shape of vaccination: improving immune responses through geometrical variations of a microdevice for immunization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27217. [PMID: 27251567 PMCID: PMC4890175 DOI: 10.1038/srep27217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-device use for vaccination has grown in the past decade, with the promise of ease-of-use, painless application, stable solid formulations and greater immune response generation. However, the designs of the highly immunogenic devices (e.g. the gene gun, Nanopatch or laser adjuvantation) require significant energy to enter the skin (30-90 mJ). Within this study, we explore a way to more effectively use energy for skin penetration and vaccination. These modifications change the Nanopatch projections from cylindrical/conical shapes with a density of 20,000 per cm(2) to flat-shaped protrusions at 8,000 per cm(2), whilst maintaining the surface area and volume that is placed within the skin. We show that this design results in more efficient surface crack initiations, allowing the energy to be more efficiently be deployed through the projections into the skin, with a significant overall increase in penetration depth (50%). Furthermore, we measured a significant increase in localized skin cell death (>2 fold), and resultant infiltrate of cells (monocytes and neutrophils). Using a commercial seasonal trivalent human influenza vaccine (Fluvax 2014), our new patch design resulted in an immune response equivalent to intramuscular injection with approximately 1000 fold less dose, while also being a practical device conceptually suited to widespread vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lawrence Crichton
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - David Alexander Muller
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexandra Christina Isabelle Depelsenaire
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Frances Elizabeth Pearson
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wei
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jacob Coffey
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jin Zhang
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Germain J P Fernando
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark Anthony Fernance Kendall
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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Crichton ML, Archer-Jones C, Meliga S, Edwards G, Martin D, Huang H, Kendall MA. Characterising the material properties at the interface between skin and a skin vaccination microprojection device. Acta Biomater 2016; 36:186-94. [PMID: 26956913 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The rapid emergence of micro-devices for biomedical applications over the past two decades has introduced new challenges for the materials used in the devices. Devices like microneedles and the Nanopatch, require sufficient strength to puncture skin often with sharp-slender micro-scale profiles, while maintaining mechanical integrity. For these technologies we sought to address two important questions: 1) On the scale at which the device operates, what forces are required to puncture the skin? And 2) What loads can the projections/microneedles withstand prior to failure. First, we used custom fabricated nanoindentation micro-probes to puncture skin at the micrometre scale, and show that puncture forces are ∼0.25-1.75mN for fresh mouse skin, in agreement with finite element simulations for our device. Then, we used two methods to perform strength tests of Nanopatch projections with varied aspect ratios. The first method used a nanoindenter to apply a force directly on the top or on the side of individual silicon projections (110μm in length, 10μm base radius), to measure the force of fracture. Our second method used an Instron to fracture full rows of projections and characterise a range of projection designs (with the method verified against previous nanoindentation experiments). Finally, we used Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy to visualise projections in situ in the skin to confirm the behaviour we quantified, qualitatively. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Micro-device development has proliferated in the past decade, including devices that interact with tissues for biomedical outcomes. The field of microneedles for vaccine delivery to skin has opened new material challenges both in understanding tissue material properties and device material. In this work we characterise both the biomaterial properties of skin and the material properties of our microprojection vaccine delivery device. This study directly measures the micro-scale puncture properties of skin, whilst demonstrating clearly how these relate to device design. This will be of strong interest to those in the field of biomedical microdevices. This includes work in the field of wearable and semi-implantable devices, which will require clear understanding of tissue behaviour and material characterisation.
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Coffey JW, Meliga SC, Corrie SR, Kendall MA. Dynamic application of microprojection arrays to skin induces circulating protein extravasation for enhanced biomarker capture and detection. Biomaterials 2016; 84:130-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Inactivated poliovirus type 2 vaccine delivered to rat skin via high density microprojection array elicits potent neutralising antibody responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22094. [PMID: 26911254 PMCID: PMC4766532 DOI: 10.1038/srep22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polio eradication is progressing rapidly, and the live attenuated Sabin strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) are being removed sequentially, starting with type 2 in April 2016. For risk mitigation, countries are introducing inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) into routine vaccination programs. After April 2016, monovalent type 2 OPV will be available for type 2 outbreak control. Because the current IPV is not suitable for house-to-house vaccination campaigns (the intramuscular injections require health professionals), we developed a high-density microprojection array, the Nanopatch, delivered monovalent type 2 IPV (IPV2) vaccine to the skin. To assess the immunogenicity of the Nanopatch, we performed a dose-matched study in rats, comparing the immunogenicity of IPV2 delivered by intramuscular injection or Nanopatch immunisation. A single dose of 0.2 D-antigen units of IPV2 elicited protective levels of poliovirus antibodies in 100% of animals. However, animals receiving IPV2 by IM required at least 3 immunisations to reach the same neutralising antibody titres. This level of dose reduction (1/40th of a full dose) is unprecedented for poliovirus vaccine delivery. The ease of administration coupled with the dose reduction observed in this study points to the Nanopatch as a potential tool for facilitating inexpensive IPV for mass vaccination campaigns.
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Raphael AP, Crichton ML, Falconer RJ, Meliga S, Chen X, Fernando GJP, Huang H, Kendall MAF. Formulations for microprojection/microneedle vaccine delivery: Structure, strength and release profiles. J Control Release 2016; 225:40-52. [PMID: 26795684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To develop novel methods for vaccine delivery, the skin is viewed as a high potential target, due to the abundance of immune cells that reside therein. One method, the use of dissolving microneedle technologies, has the potential to achieve this, with a range of formulations now being employed. Within this paper we assemble a range of methods (including FT-FIR using synchrotron radiation, nanoindentation and skin delivery assays) to systematically examine the effect of key bulking agents/excipients - sugars/polyols - on the material form, structure, strength, failure properties, diffusion and dissolution for dissolving microdevices. We investigated concentrations of mannitol, sucrose, trehalose and sorbitol from 1:1 to 30:1 with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), although mannitol did not form our micro-structures so was discounted early in the study. The other formulations showed a variety of crystalline (sorbitol) and amorphous (sucrose, trehalose) structures, when investigated using Fourier transform far infra-red (FT-FIR) with synchrotron radiation. The crystalline structures had a higher elastic modulus than the amorphous formulations (8-12GPa compared to 0.05-11GPa), with sorbitol formulations showing a bimodal distribution of results including both amorphous and crystalline behaviour. In skin, diffusion properties were similar among all formulations with dissolution occurring within 5s for our small projection array structures (~100μm in length). Overall, slight variations in formulation can significantly change the ability of our projections to perform their required function, making the choice of bulking/vaccine stabilising agents of great importance for these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Raphael
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael L Crichton
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert J Falconer
- University of Sheffield, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, Sheffield S1 3JD, England, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Meliga
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Germain J P Fernando
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Han Huang
- The University of Queensland, School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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Vrdoljak A, Allen EA, Ferrara F, Temperton NJ, Crean AM, Moore AC. Induction of broad immunity by thermostabilised vaccines incorporated in dissolvable microneedles using novel fabrication methods. J Control Release 2016; 225:192-204. [PMID: 26774221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dissolvable microneedle (DMN) patches for immunization have multiple benefits, including vaccine stability and ease-of-use. However, conventional DMN fabrication methods have several drawbacks. Here we describe a novel, microfluidic, drop dispensing-based dissolvable microneedle production method that overcomes these issues. Uniquely, heterogeneous arrays, consisting of microneedles of diverse composition, can be easily produced on the same patch. Robustness of the process was demonstrated by incorporating and stabilizing adenovirus and MVA vaccines. Clinically-available trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in DMN patches is fully stable for greater than 6months at 40°C. Immunization using low dose TIV-loaded DMN patches induced significantly higher antibody responses compared to intramuscular-based immunization in mice. TIV-loaded patches also induced a broader, heterosubtypic neutralizing antibody response. By addressing issues that will be faced in large-scale fill-finish DMN fabrication processes and demonstrating superior thermostable characteristics and immunogenicity, this study progresses the translation of this microneedle platform to eventual clinical deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anto Vrdoljak
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Evin A Allen
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Abina M Crean
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne C Moore
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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48
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Ventrelli L, Marsilio Strambini L, Barillaro G. Microneedles for Transdermal Biosensing: Current Picture and Future Direction. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2606-40. [PMID: 26439100 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel trend is rapidly emerging in the use of microneedles, which are a miniaturized replica of hypodermic needles with length-scales of hundreds of micrometers, aimed at the transdermal biosensing of analytes of clinical interest, e.g., glucose, biomarkers, and others. Transdermal biosensing via microneedles offers remarkable opportunities for moving biosensing technologies and biochips from research laboratories to real-field applications, and envisages easy-to-use point-of-care microdevices with pain-free, minimally invasive, and minimal-training features that are very attractive for both developed and emerging countries. In addition to this, microneedles for transdermal biosensing offer a unique possibility for the development of biochips provided with end-effectors for their interaction with the biological system under investigation. Direct and efficient collection of the biological sample to be analyzed will then become feasible in situ at the same length-scale of the other biochip components by minimally trained personnel and in a minimally invasive fashion. This would eliminate the need for blood extraction using hypodermic needles and reduce, in turn, related problems, such as patient infections, sample contaminations, analysis artifacts, etc. The aim here is to provide a thorough and critical analysis of state-of-the-art developments in this novel research trend, and to bridge the gap between microneedles and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Ventrelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione; Università di Pisa; Via G. Caruso 16 56122 Pisa Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione; Università di Pisa; Via G. Caruso 16 56122 Pisa Italy
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
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49
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Comparison between polyethylene glycol and zwitterionic polymers as antifouling coatings on wearable devices for selective antigen capture from biological tissue. Biointerphases 2015; 10:04A305. [PMID: 26446192 DOI: 10.1116/1.4932055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective capture of disease-related proteins in complex biological fluids and tissues is an important aim in developing sensitive protein biosensors for in vivo applications. Microprojection arrays are biomedical devices whose mechanical and chemical properties can be tuned to allow efficient penetration of skin, coupled with highly selective biomarker capture from the complex biological environment of skin tissue. Herein, the authors describe an improved surface modification strategy to produce amine-modified polycarbonate arrays, followed by the attachment of an antifouling poly(sulfobetaine-methacrylate) (pSBMA) polymer or a linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer of comparative molecular weight and hydrodynamic radius. Using a "grafting to" approach, pSBMA and linear PEG coatings yielded comparative antifouling behavior in single protein solutions, diluted plasma, or when applied to mouse flank skin penetrating into the vascularized dermal tissue. Interestingly, the density of immobilized immunoglobulin G (IgG) or bovine serum albumin protein on pSBMA surfaces was significantly higher than that on the PEG surfaces, while the nonspecific adsorption was comparable for each protein. When incubated in buffer or plasma solutions containing dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1), anti-NS1-IgG-coated pSBMA surfaces captured significantly more NS1 in comparison to PEG-coated devices. Similarly, when wearable microprojection arrays were applied to the skin of dengue-infected mice using the same coatings, the pSBMA-coated devices showed significantly higher capture efficiency (>2-fold increase in signal) than the PEG-coated substrates, which showed comparative signal when applied to naïve mice. In conclusion, zwitterionic pSBMA polymers (of equivalent hydrodynamic radii to PEG) allowed detection of dengue NS1 disease biomarker in a preclinical model of dengue infection, showing significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to the PEG controls. The results of this study will be useful in the future development of a range of protein biosensors designed for use in vivo.
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50
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Aljuffali IA, Lin YK, Fang JY. Noninvasive approach for enhancing small interfering RNA delivery percutaneously. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:265-80. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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