1
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Lee TY, Farah N, Chin VK, Lim CW, Chong PP, Basir R, Lim WF, Loo YS. Medicinal benefits, biological, and nanoencapsulation functions of riboflavin with its toxicity profile: A narrative review. Nutr Res 2023; 119:1-20. [PMID: 37708600 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin is a precursor of the essential coenzymes flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. Both possess antioxidant properties and are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, which have a significant impact on energy metabolism. Also, the coenzymes participate in metabolism of pyridoxine, niacin, folate, and iron. Humans must obtain riboflavin through their daily diet because of the lack of programmed enzymatic machineries for de novo riboflavin synthesis. Because of its physiological nature and fast elimination from the human body when in excess, riboflavin consumed is unlikely to induce any negative effects or develop toxicity in humans. The use of riboflavin in pharmaceutical and clinical contexts has been previously explored, including for preventing and treating oxidative stress and reperfusion oxidative damage, creating synergistic compounds to mitigate colorectal cancer, modulating blood pressure, improving diabetes mellitus comorbidities, as well as neuroprotective agents and potent photosensitizer in killing bloodborne pathogens. Thus, the goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of riboflavin's biological applications in medicine, key considerations of riboflavin safety and toxicity, and a brief overview on the nanoencapsulation of riboflavin for various functions including the treatment of a range of diseases, photodynamic therapy, and cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Yan Lee
- Perdana University School of Liberal Arts, Science and Technology (PUScLST), Wisma Chase Perdana, Changkat Semantan, Damansara Heights, 50490 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nuratiqah Farah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Voon Kin Chin
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Woei Lim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, No. 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Feng Lim
- Sunway Medical Centre, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yan Shan Loo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Mekseriwattana W, Guardia P, Herrero BT, de la Fuente JM, Kuhakarn C, Roig A, Katewongsa KP. Riboflavin-citrate conjugate multicore SPIONs with enhanced magnetic responses and cellular uptake in breast cancer cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1988-1998. [PMID: 36133415 PMCID: PMC9419765 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for up to 10% of the newly diagnosed cancer cases worldwide, making it the most common cancer found in women. The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) has been beneficial in the advancement of contrast agents and magnetic hyperthermia (MH) for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. To achieve delivery of SPIONs to cancer cells, surface functionalization with specific ligands are required. Riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) has been identified as an alternative target for breast cancer cells. Here, we report a novel riboflavin (Rf)-based ligand that provides SPIONs with enhanced colloidal stability and high uptake potential in breast cancer cells. This is achieved by synthesizing an Rf-citrate ligand. The ligand was tested in a multicore SPION system, and affinity to RCP was assessed by isothermal titration calorimetry which showed a specific, entropy-driven binding. MRI and MH responses of the coated Rf-SPIONs were tested to evaluate the suitability of this system as a theranostic platform. Finally, interaction of the Rf-SPIONs with breast cancer cells was evaluated by in vitro cellular uptake in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The overall characterization of the Rf-SPIONs highlighted the excellent performance of this platform for theranostic applications in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wid Mekseriwattana
- School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Pablo Guardia
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Beatriz Torres Herrero
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jesus M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Exellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Anna Roig
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Kanlaya Prapainop Katewongsa
- School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
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3
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Rezvantalab S, Maleki R, Drude NI, Khedri M, Jans A, Keshavarz Moraveji M, Darguzyte M, Ghasemy E, Tayebi L, Kiessling F. Experimental and Computational Study on the Microfluidic Control of Micellar Nanocarrier Properties. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23117-23128. [PMID: 34549113 PMCID: PMC8444197 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based synthesis is a powerful technique to prepare well-defined homogenous nanoparticles (NPs). However, the mechanisms defining NP properties, especially size evolution in a microchannel, are not fully understood. Herein, microfluidic and bulk syntheses of riboflavin (RF)-targeted poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG-RF) micelles were evaluated experimentally and computationally. Using molecular dynamics (MD), a conventional "random" model for bulk self-assembly of PLGA-PEG-RF was simulated and a conceptual "interface" mechanism was proposed for the microfluidic self-assembly at an atomic scale. The simulation results were in agreement with the observed experimental outcomes. NPs produced by microfluidics were smaller than those prepared by the bulk method. The computational approach suggested that the size-determining factor in microfluidics is the boundary of solvents in the entrance region of the microchannel, explaining the size difference between the two experimental methods. Therefore, this computational approach can be a powerful tool to gain a deeper understanding and optimize NP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Rezvantalab
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University
of Technology, 57166-93188 Urmia, Iran
- Institute
for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen International University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Reza Maleki
- Computational
Biology and Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal
Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1449614535 Iran
| | - Natascha Ingrid Drude
- Institute
for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen International University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department
of Experimental Neurology, Charité
−Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammad Khedri
- Computational
Biology and Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal
Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1449614535 Iran
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University
of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Alexander Jans
- DWI-Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University
of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Milita Darguzyte
- Institute
for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen International University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Ghasemy
- Centre
Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut national de la recherché, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School
of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute
for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen International University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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4
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Sun T, Liu Y, Zhou C, Zhang L, Kang X, Xiao S, Du M, Xu Z, Liu Y, Liu G, Gong M, Zhang D. Fluorine-mediated synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide nanostructures for efficient T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7638-7647. [PMID: 33928960 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00338k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a novel strategy for the shape-controlled synthesis of iron oxide nanostructures with superior r2 values through the introduction of fluoride ions as a morphology controlling agent and dopant. The selective adsorption of fluoride ions onto the specified crystal planes of iron oxide nanocrystals leads to the formation of octapod nanoparticles (ONPs) and cubic nanocrystal clusters (CNCs). Both ONPs and CNCs present high r2 values (526.5 and 462.2 mM-1 s-1, respectively) due to the synergistic effect of a larger effective radius, clustering and fluorine doping. The in vivo MRI results show significant enhancement in T2-weighted images of the liver after the intravenous injection of ONPs and CNCs, suggesting their great potential as efficient T2-weighted MRI contrast agents. This new approach of achieving anisotropic fluorine-doped iron oxide nanostructures with high r2 relaxivity provides an alternative strategy for the development of highly sensitive T2 contrast agents for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
| | - Yiding Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
| | - Xun Kang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
| | - Shilin Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
| | - Zhongsheng Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Mingfu Gong
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
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5
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Ribes J, Beztsinna N, Bailly R, Castano S, Rascol E, Taib-Maamar N, Badarau E, Bestel I. Flavin-Conjugated Nanobombs: Key Structural Requirements Governing Their Self-Assemblies' Morphologies. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:553-562. [PMID: 33621053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to artificial molecules, natural photosensitizers have the benefit of excellent toxicity profiles and of life-compatible activating energy ranges. Flavins are such photosensitizers that were selected by nature in a plethora of light-triggered biochemical reactions. Flavin-rich nanoparticles could thus emerge as promising tools in photodynamic therapies and in active-targeting drug delivery. Self-assembled flavin-conjugated phospholipids improve the pharmacokinetics of natural flavins and, in the case of controlled morphologies, reduce photobleaching phenomena. The current article presents a proof of concept for the design of riboflavin-rich nanoparticles of tunable morphology from multilamellar patches to vesicular self-assemblies. Coarse-grained simulations of the self-assembling process revealed the key interactions governing the obtained nanomaterials and successfully guided the synthesis of new flavin-conjugates of predictable self-assembly. The obtained flavin-based liposomes had a 65 nm hydrodynamic diameter, were stable, and showed potential photosensitizer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ribes
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Nataliia Beztsinna
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Remy Bailly
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sabine Castano
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Estelle Rascol
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Nada Taib-Maamar
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Eduard Badarau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Bestel
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
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6
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Khedri M, Rezvantalab S, Maleki R, Rezaei N. Effect of ligand conjugation site on the micellization of Bio-Targeted PLGA-Based nanohybrids: A computational biology approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4409-4418. [PMID: 33336619 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1857840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of ligand binding position on the polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) is based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with two different polymer chain length at the atomistic level was presented. We explored the conjugation of riboflavin (RF) ligand from the end of the ribityl chain (N-10) to the polymer strands as well as from the amine group on the isoalloxazine head (N-3). The energy interactions for all samples revealed that the NPs containing ligands from N-10 positions have higher total attraction energies and lower stability in comparison with their peers conjugated from N-3. As NPs containing RF conjugated from N-3 exhibit the lower energy level with 20% and 10% of RF-containing composition for lower and higher. The introduction of RF from the N-10 position in any composition has increased the energy level of nanocarriers. The results of Gibb's free energy confirm the interatomic interaction energies trend where the lowest Gibbs free energy level for N-3 NPs occurs at 20 and 10% of RF-containing polymer content for PLGA10- and PLGA11- based NPs. Furthermore, with N-10 samples based on both polymers, non-targeted models form the stablest particles in each category. These findings are further confirmed with molecular docking analysis which revealed affinity energy of RF toward polymer chain from N-3 and N-10 are -981.57 kJ/mole and -298.23 kJ/mole, respectively. This in-silico study paves the new way for molecular engineering of the bio-responsive PLGA-PEG-RF micelles and can be used to nanoscale tunning of smart carriers used in cancer treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khedri
- Computational Biology And Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rezvantalab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Computational Biology And Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Rezvantalab S, Keshavarz Moraveji M, Khedri M, Maleki R. An insight into the role of riboflavin ligand in the self-assembly of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles - a molecular simulation and experimental approach. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5250-5260. [PMID: 32458880 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) used for targeted delivery purposes are rapidly gaining importance in diagnostic and therapeutic fields. These agents have been studied extensively so far to reveal their optimal physicochemical properties including the effects of ligands and their density on the surface of NPs. This article was conducted through a computational approach (all-atom molecular dynamics simulations) to predict the stability of NPs based on a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) hydrophobic core with a poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) hydrophilic shell and varying numbers of riboflavin (RF) molecules as ligands. Depending on the molecular weight of the polymers, the most stable composition of NPs was achieved at 20 wt% and 10 wt% PLGA-PEG-RF for PLGA3kDa-PEG2kDa and PLGA4.5kDa-PEG2kDa polymers, respectively. According to the simulations, riboflavin molecules were located on the surface of the NPs, which would indicate that riboflavin-bound PLGA-PEG NPs could be efficiently utilized for active targeting purposes. To scrutinize the simulation results, NPs with riboflavin ligands were synthesized and put into in vitro experiments. Outstandingly, the empirical outcomes revealed that the hydrodynamic sizes of NPs also met minimum points at 20 and 10 wt% for PLGA3kDa-PEG2kDa and PLGA4.5kDa-PEG2kDa, respectively. Moreover, similar trends in the gyration radius as a function of riboflavin content were observed in the simulation analysis and the experimental results, which would indicate that the method of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a reliable mathematical technique and could be applied for predicting the physicochemical properties of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Rezvantalab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khedri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345, Iran
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8
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Avasthi A, Caro C, Pozo-Torres E, Leal MP, García-Martín ML. Magnetic Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:40. [PMID: 32382832 PMCID: PMC8203530 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They have been extensively investigated as CAs due to their high biocompatibility and excellent magnetic properties. Furthermore, the ease of functionalization of their surfaces with different types of ligands (antibodies, peptides, sugars, etc.) opens up the possibility of carrying out molecular MRI. Thus, IONPs functionalized with epithelial growth factor receptor antibodies, short peptides, like RGD, or aptamers, among others, have been proposed for the diagnosis of various types of cancer, including breast, stomach, colon, kidney, liver or brain cancer. In addition to cancer diagnosis, different types of IONPs have been developed for other applications, such as the detection of brain inflammation or the early diagnosis of thrombosis. This review addresses key aspects in the development of IONPs for MRI applications, namely, synthesis of the inorganic core, functionalization processes to make IONPs biocompatible and also to target them to specific tissues or cells, and finally in vivo studies in animal models, with special emphasis on tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Avasthi
- BIONAND - Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Caro
- BIONAND - Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - Esther Pozo-Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Pernia Leal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - María Luisa García-Martín
- BIONAND - Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590, Málaga, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Málaga, Spain.
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9
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Darguzyte M, Drude N, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Riboflavin-Targeted Drug Delivery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020295. [PMID: 32012715 PMCID: PMC7072493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Active targeting can improve the retention of drugs and drug delivery systems in tumors, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. In this context, vitamin receptors that are overexpressed in many cancers are promising targets. In the last decade, attention and research were mainly centered on vitamin B9 (folate) targeting; however, the focus is slowly shifting towards vitamin B2 (riboflavin). Interestingly, while the riboflavin carrier protein was discovered in the 1960s, the three riboflavin transporters (RFVT 1-3) were only identified recently. It has been shown that riboflavin transporters and the riboflavin carrier protein are overexpressed in many tumor types, tumor stem cells, and the tumor neovasculature. Furthermore, a clinical study has demonstrated that tumor cells exhibit increased riboflavin metabolism as compared to normal cells. Moreover, riboflavin and its derivatives have been conjugated to ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles, polyethylene glycol polymers, dendrimers, and liposomes. These conjugates have shown a high affinity towards tumors in preclinical studies. This review article summarizes knowledge on RFVT expression in healthy and pathological tissues, discusses riboflavin internalization pathways, and provides an overview of RF-targeted diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milita Darguzyte
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Natascha Drude
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.)
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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10
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Demina P, Arkharova N, Asharchuk I, Khaydukov K, Karimov D, Rocheva V, Nechaev A, Grigoriev Y, Generalova A, Khaydukov E. Polymerization Assisted by Upconversion Nanoparticles under NIR Light. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132476. [PMID: 31284486 PMCID: PMC6651334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization of nanocomposite materials using near infrared light is one of the unique technologies based on the luminescent properties of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). We explored the UCNP-triggered radical polymerization both in oligomer bulk and on the nanoparticle surface in aqueous dispersion. Core/shell UCNPs NaYF4:Yb3+ and Tm3+/NaYF4 with emitting lines in the ultraviolet and blue regions were used to activate a photoinitiator. The study of the bulk photopolymerization in an initially homogeneous reaction mixture showed the UCNP redistribution due to gradient density occurring in the volume, which led to formation of UCNP superlattices and spheres "frozen" in a polymer matrix. We also developed a strategy of "grafting from" the surface, providing polymer shell growth directly on the nanoparticles. The photosensitization of the endogenous water-soluble photoinitiator riboflavin by the resonance energy transfer from UCNPs was demonstrated in the course of monomer glycidyl methacrylate polymerization followed by photocrosslinking with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate on the nanoparticle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Demina
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Natalya Arkharova
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Ilya Asharchuk
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Kirill Khaydukov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Denis Karimov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Vasilina Rocheva
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Andrey Nechaev
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, Moscow Technological University, Vernadsky Avenue 78, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Yuriy Grigoriev
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Alla Generalova
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Evgeny Khaydukov
- Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow 119333, Russia.
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Institute of Mathematics and Informational Technologies, Volgograd State University, Universitetskiy Prospect, 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia.
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11
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Wu CY, Chen YC. Riboflavin immobilized Fe 3O 4 magnetic nanoparticles carried with n-butylidenephthalide as targeting-based anticancer agents. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:210-220. [PMID: 30663404 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1548473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
n-Butylidenephthalide (BP) is a potential anti-cancer drug, which can be extracted from Angelica sinensis (Danggui). Previous reports have shown the effectiveness of BP in treating cancer diseases. However, BP has no targeting capacity towards specific cancer cells. To improve treatment efficiency and reduce the dose of BP used in cancer treatment, targeting-based approaches should be developed. In the present study, we used riboflavin-5'-phosphate (RFMP) immobilized iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) as carriers for BP to treat cancer cell lines derived from liver, prostate and breast. These model cancer cells overexpress riboflavin receptors on their cell membrane and are also sensitive to BP treatment. Thus, BP-binding free RFMP on MNPs can be used as probes to target these model cells, whereas BP can be readily released on target cancer cells. Cell viability was twofold lower by using Fe3O4@RFMP MNPs immobilized with BP than that achieved by using free-form BP at a similar amount. Moreover, BP-Fe3O4@RFMP MNPs have no apparent harmful effects on non-target cells. In addition, we evaluated the level of cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (caspase 3) in the resultant cell lysate obtained after treatment by BP-Fe3O4@RFMP MNPs to demonstrate that apoptosis is mainly involved in the growth inhibition of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Wu
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu , Taiwan
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12
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Martinkova P, Brtnicky M, Kynicky J, Pohanka M. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Innovative Tool in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29205944 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer is one of the most dangerous and the second most lethal disease in the world, current therapy including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc., is highly insufficient not in the view of therapy success rate or the amount of side effects. Accordingly, procedures with better outcomes are highly desirable. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) present an innovative tool-ideal for innovation and implementation into practice. This review is focused on summarizing some well-known facts about pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and the types of IONPs, and furthermore, provides a survey of their use in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Martinkova
- Faculty of Military Health Science; University of Defense; Trebesska 1575 50011 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Purkynova 656/123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Purkynova 656/123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Pedology; Mendel University; Zemedelska 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jindrich Kynicky
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Purkynova 656/123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Pedology; Mendel University; Zemedelska 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Science; University of Defense; Trebesska 1575 50011 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Pedology; Mendel University; Zemedelska 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
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13
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Yamazaki S, Diaz MA, Carlino TM, Gotluru C, Mazza MMA, Scott AM. Ultrafast Spectroscopic Dynamics of Quinacrine-Riboflavin Binding Protein Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8291-8299. [PMID: 28762739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Redox active cofactors play a dynamic role inside protein binding active sites because the amino acids responsible for binding participate in electron transfer (ET) reactions. Here, we use femtosecond transient absorption (FsTA) spectroscopy to examine the ultrafast ET between quinacrine (Qc), an antimalarial drug with potential anticancer activity, and riboflavin binding protein (RfBP) with a known Kd = 264 nM. Steady-state absorption reveals a ∼ 10 nm red-shift in the ground state when QcH32+ is titrated with RfBP, and a Stern-Volmer analysis shows ∼84% quenching and a blue-shift of the QcH32+ photoluminescence to form a 1:1 binding ratio of the QcH32+-RfBP complex. Upon selective photoexcitation of QcH32+ in the QcH32+-RfBP complex, we observe charge separation in 7 ps to form 1[QcH3_red•+-RfBP•+], which persists for 138 ps. The FsTA spectra show the spectroscopic identification of QcH3_red•+, determined from spectroelectrochemical measurements in DMSO. We correlate our results to literature and report lifetimes that are 10-20× slower than the natural riboflavin, Rf-RfBP, complex and are oxygen independent. Driving force (ΔG) calculations, corrected for estimated dielectric constants for protein hydrophobic pockets, and Marcus theory depict a favorable one-electron ET process between QcH32+ and nearby redox active tyrosine (Tyr) or tryptophan (Trp) residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Yamazaki
- University of Miami , Department of Chemistry, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Matthew A Diaz
- University of Miami , Department of Chemistry, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Thomas M Carlino
- University of Miami , Department of Chemistry, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Chitra Gotluru
- University of Miami , Department of Chemistry, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Mercedes M A Mazza
- University of Miami , Department of Chemistry, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Amy M Scott
- University of Miami , Department of Chemistry, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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14
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Tsvetkova Y, Beztsinna N, Baues M, Klein D, Rix A, Golombek SK, Al Rawashdeh W, Gremse F, Barz M, Koynov K, Banala S, Lederle W, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Balancing Passive and Active Targeting to Different Tumor Compartments Using Riboflavin-Functionalized Polymeric Nanocarriers. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4665-4674. [PMID: 28715227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin transporters (RFTs) and the riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) are highly upregulated in many tumor cells, tumor stem cells, and tumor neovasculature, which makes them attractive targets for nanomedicines. Addressing cells in different tumor compartments requires drug carriers, which are not only able to accumulate via the EPR effect but also to extravasate, target specific cell populations, and get internalized by cells. Reasoning that antibodies are among the most efficient targeting systems developed by nature, we consider their size (∼10-15 nm) to be ideal for balancing passive and active tumor targeting. Therefore, small, short-circulating (10 kDa, ∼7 nm, t1/2 ∼ 1 h) and larger, longer-circulating (40 kDa, ∼13 nm, t1/2 ∼ 13 h) riboflavin-targeted branched PEG polymers were synthesized, and their biodistribution and target site accumulation were evaluated in mice bearing angiogenic squamous cell carcinoma (A431) and desmoplastic prostate cancer (PC3) xenografts. The tumor accumulation of the 10 kDa PEG was characterized by rapid intercompartmental exchange and significantly improved upon active targeting with riboflavin (RF). The 40 kDa PEG accumulated in tumors four times more efficiently than the small polymer, but its accumulation did not profit from active RF-targeting. However, RF-targeting enhanced the cellular internalization in both tumor models and for both polymer sizes. Interestingly, the nanocarriers' cell-uptake in tumors was not directly correlated with the extent of accumulation. For example, in both tumor models the small RF-PEG accumulated much less strongly than the large passively targeted PEG but showed significantly higher intracellular amounts 24 h after iv administration. Additionally, the size of the polymer determined its preferential uptake by different tumor cell compartments: the 10 kDa RF-PEGs most efficiently targeted cancer cells, whereas the highest uptake of the 40 kDa RF-PEGs was observed in tumor-associated macrophages. These findings imply that drug carriers with sizes in the range of therapeutic antibodies show balanced properties with respect to passive accumulation, tissue penetration, and active targeting. Besides highlighting the potential of RF-mediated (cancer) cell targeting, we show that strong tumor accumulation does not automatically mean high cellular uptake and that the nanocarriers' size plays a critical role in cell- and compartment-specific drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna Tsvetkova
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nataliia Beztsinna
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, CBMN UMR 5248, Bordeaux University , 33608 Pessac, France
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UIPS, Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maike Baues
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dionne Klein
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Golombek
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wa'el Al Rawashdeh
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Srinivas Banala
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Lederle
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 750 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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15
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Beztsinna N, Tsvetkova Y, Jose J, Rhourri-Frih B, Al Rawashdeh W, Lammers T, Kiessling F, Bestel I. Photoacoustic imaging of tumor targeting with riboflavin-functionalized theranostic nanocarriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3813-3825. [PMID: 28572726 PMCID: PMC5441666 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s125192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging method in the molecular imaging field, providing high spatiotemporal resolution and sufficient imaging depths for many clinical applications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use photoacoustic imaging as a tool to evaluate a riboflavin (RF)-based targeted nanoplatform. RF is internalized by the cells through a specific pathway, and its derivatives were recently shown as promising tumor-targeting vectors for the drug delivery systems. Here, the RF amphiphile synthesized from a PEGylated phospholipid was successfully inserted into a long-circulating liposome formulation labeled with the clinically approved photoacoustic contrast agent – indocyanine green (ICG). The obtained liposomes had a diameter of 124 nm (polydispersity index =0.17) and had a negative zeta potential of −26 mV. Studies in biological phantoms indicated a stable and concentration-dependent photoacoustic signal (Vevo® LAZR) of the ICG-containing RF-functionalized liposomes. In A431 cells, a high uptake of RF-functionalized liposomes was found and could be blocked competitively. First, studies in mice revealed ~3 times higher photoacoustic signal in subcutaneous A431 tumor xenografts (P<0.05) after injection of RF-functionalized liposomes compared to control particles. In this context, the application of a spectral unmixing protocol confirmed the initial quantitative data and improved the localization of liposomes in the tumor. In conclusion, the synthesized RF amphiphile leads to efficient liposomal tumor targeting and can be favorably detected by photoacoustic imaging with a perspective of theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Beztsinna
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (CBMN), UMR 5248, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Yoanna Tsvetkova
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jithin Jose
- Fujifilm VisualSonics BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Boutayna Rhourri-Frih
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (CBMN), UMR 5248, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Wa'el Al Rawashdeh
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bestel
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (CBMN), UMR 5248, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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16
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Beztsinna N, Tsvetkova Y, Bartneck M, Lammers T, Kiessling F, Bestel I. Amphiphilic Phospholipid-Based Riboflavin Derivatives for Tumor Targeting Nanomedicines. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2048-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Beztsinna
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects, CBMN UMR 5248, Bordeaux University, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Yoanna Tsvetkova
- Experimental
Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Gastroenterology
and Metabolic Disorders, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Experimental
Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Experimental
Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bestel
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects, CBMN UMR 5248, Bordeaux University, 33600 Pessac, France
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17
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Dehaini D, Fang RH, Zhang L. Biomimetic strategies for targeted nanoparticle delivery. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:30-46. [PMID: 29313005 PMCID: PMC5689512 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle‐based drug delivery and imaging platforms have become increasingly popular over the past several decades. Among different design parameters that can affect their performance, the incorporation of targeting functionality onto nanoparticle surfaces has been a widely studied subject. Targeted formulations have the ability to improve efficacy and function by positively modulating tissue localization. Many methods exist for creating targeted nanoformulations, including the use of custom biomolecules such as antibodies or aptamers. More recently, a great amount of focus has been placed on biomimetic targeting strategies that leverage targeting interactions found directly in nature. Such strategies, which have been painstakingly selected over time by the process of evolution to maximize functionality, oftentimes enable scientists to forgo the specialized discovery processes associated with many traditional ligands and help to accelerate development of novel nanoparticle formulations. In this review, we categorize and discuss in‐depth recent works in this growing field of bioinspired research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Dehaini
- Dept. of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Dept. of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Dept. of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
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18
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Beztsinna N, Solé M, Taib N, Bestel I. Bioengineered riboflavin in nanotechnology. Biomaterials 2016; 80:121-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Jayapaul J, Arns S, Bunker M, Weiler M, Rutherford S, Comba P, Kiessling F. In vivo evaluation of riboflavin receptor targeted fluorescent USPIO in mice with prostate cancer xenografts. NANO RESEARCH 2016; 9:1319-1333. [PMID: 27738498 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-016-1028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Riboflavin (Rf) receptors bind and translocate Rf and its phosphorylated forms (e.g. flavin mononucleotide, FMN) into cells where they mediate various cellular metabolic pathways. Previously, we showed that FMN-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (FLUSPIO) nanoparticles are suitable for labeling metabolically active cancer and endothelial cells in vitro. In this study, we focused on the in vivo application of FLUSPIO using prostate cancer xenografts. Size, charge, and chemical composition of FLUSPIO were evaluated. We explored the in vitro specificity of FLUSPIO for its cellular receptors using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Prussian blue staining. Competitive binding experiments were performed in vivo by injecting free FMN in excess. Bio-distribution of FLUSPIO was determined by estimating iron content in organs and tumors using a colorimetric assay. AFM analysis and zeta potential measurements revealed a particulate morphology approximately 20-40 nm in size and a negative zeta potential (-24.23 ± 0.15 mV) in water. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data confirmed FMN present on the USPIO nanoparticle surface. FLUSPIO uptake in prostate cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells was significantly higher than that of control USPIO, while addition of excess of free FMN reduced accumulation. Similarly, in vivo MRI and histology showed specific FLUSPIO uptake by prostate cancer cells, tumor endothelial cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. Besides prominent tumor accumulation, FLUSPIO accumulated in the liver, spleen, lung, and skin. Hence, our data strengthen our hypothesis that targeting riboflavin receptors is an efficient approach to accumulate nanomedicines in tumors opening perspectives for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic systems. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12274-016-1028-7 and is accessible for authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabadurai Jayapaul
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074 Germany ; Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany ; Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin, 13125 Germany
| | - Susanne Arns
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074 Germany
| | - Matt Bunker
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Development, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA UK ; Molecular Profiles Ltd., 8 Orchard Place, Nottingham Business Park, Nottingham, NG8 6PX UK
| | - Marek Weiler
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074 Germany
| | - Sandra Rutherford
- Molecular Profiles Ltd., 8 Orchard Place, Nottingham Business Park, Nottingham, NG8 6PX UK
| | - Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074 Germany
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20
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Tsvetkova Y, Beztsinna N, Jayapaul J, Weiler M, Arns S, Shi Y, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Refinement of adsorptive coatings for fluorescent riboflavin-receptor-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 11:47-54. [PMID: 26265388 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) is a riboflavin derivative that can be exploited to target the riboflavin transporters (RFTs) and the riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) in cells with high metabolic activity. In this study we present the synthesis of different FMN-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIOs) and their efficiency as targeting contrast agents. Since FMN alone cannot stabilize the nanoparticles, we used adenosine phosphates--AMP, ADP and ATP--as spacers to obtain colloidally stable nanoparticles. Nucleotides with di- and triphosphate groups were intended to increase the USPIO charge and thus improve zeta potential and stability. However, all nanoparticles formed negatively charged clusters with similar properties in terms of zeta potential (-28 ± 2 mV), relaxivity (228-259 mM(-1) s(-1) at 3 T) and hydrodynamic radius (53-85 nm). Molecules with a higher number of phosphate groups, such as ADP and ATP, have a higher adsorption affinity towards iron oxide, which, instead of providing more charge, led to partial desorption and replacement of FMN. Hence, we obtained USPIOs carrying different amounts of targeting agent, which significantly influenced the nanoparticles' uptake. The nanoparticles' uptake by different cancer cells and HUVECs was evaluated photometrically and with MR relaxometry, showing that the cellular uptake of the USPIOs increases with the FMN amount on their surface. Thus, for USPIOs targeted with riboflavin derivatives the use of spacers with increasing numbers of phosphate groups does not improve either zeta potential or the particles' stability, but rather detaches the targeting moieties from their surface, leading to lower cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna Tsvetkova
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nataliia Beztsinna
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, CBMN UMR 5248, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, Bâtiment B14, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Jabadurai Jayapaul
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marek Weiler
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Arns
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3508, Utrecht, TB, The Netherlands
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Nanoparticles are frequently suggested as diagnostic agents. However, except for iron oxide nanoparticles, diagnostic nanoparticles have been barely incorporated into clinical use so far. This is predominantly due to difficulties in achieving acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and reproducible particle uniformity as well as to concerns about toxicity, biodegradation, and elimination. Reasonable indications for the clinical utilization of nanoparticles should consider their biologic behavior. For example, many nanoparticles are taken up by macrophages and accumulate in macrophage-rich tissues. Thus, they can be used to provide contrast in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and inflammatory lesions (eg, atherosclerotic plaques). Furthermore, cells can be efficiently labeled with nanoparticles, enabling the localization of implanted (stem) cells and tissue-engineered grafts as well as in vivo migration studies of cells. The potential of using nanoparticles for molecular imaging is compromised because their pharmacokinetic properties are difficult to control. Ideal targets for nanoparticles are localized on the endothelial luminal surface, whereas targeted nanoparticle delivery to extravascular structures is often limited and difficult to separate from an underlying enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The majority of clinically used nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are based on the EPR effect, and, for their more personalized use, imaging markers can be incorporated to monitor biodistribution, target site accumulation, drug release, and treatment efficacy. In conclusion, although nanoparticles are not always the right choice for molecular imaging (because smaller or larger molecules might provide more specific information), there are other diagnostic and theranostic applications for which nanoparticles hold substantial clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kiessling
- From the Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (F.K., M.E.M., T.L.); and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.G.)
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22
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Theek B, Rizzo LY, Ehling J, Kiessling F, Lammers T. The Theranostic Path to Personalized Nanomedicine. Clin Transl Imaging 2014; 2:66-76. [PMID: 24860796 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-014-0051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology and chemical engineering have led to the development of many different drug delivery systems. These 1-100(0) nm-sized carrier materials aim to increase drug concentrations at the pathological site, while avoiding their accumulation in healthy non-target tissues, thereby improving the balance between the efficacy and the toxicity of systemic (chemo-) therapeutic interventions. An important advantage of such nanocarrier materials is the ease of incorporating both diagnostic and therapeutic entities within a single formulation, enabling them to be used for theranostic purposes. We here describe the basic principles of using nanomaterials for targeting therapeutic and diagnostic agents to pathological sites, and we discuss how nanotheranostics and image-guided drug delivery can be used to personalize nanomedicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Theek
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Y Rizzo
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josef Ehling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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23
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Zhang L, Li Y, Yu JC. Chemical modification of inorganic nanostructures for targeted and controlled drug delivery in cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:452-470. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21196g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Daumann LJ, Larrabee JA, Ollis D, Schenk G, Gahan LR. Immobilization of the enzyme GpdQ on magnetite nanoparticles for organophosphate pesticide bioremediation. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 131:1-7. [PMID: 24239906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Annually thousands of people die or suffer from organophosphate (pesticide) poisoning. In order to remove these toxic compounds from the environment, the use of enzymes as bioremediators has been proposed. We report here a Ser127Ala mutant based on the enzyme glycerophosphodiesterase (GpdQ) from Enterobacter aerogenes. The mutant, with improved metal binding abilities, has been immobilized using glutaraldehyde on PAMAM dendrimer-modified magnetite nanoparticles. The immobilized system was characterized using elemental analysis as well as infrared, transmission electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The amount of GpdQ that was immobilized with the optimized procedure was 1.488 nmol per g MNP. A kinetic assay has been designed to evaluate the activity of the system towards organophosphoester substrates. The specific activity towards BPNPP directly after immobilization was 3.55 μmol mg(-1)min(-1), after one week 3.39 μmol mg(-1)min(-1) and after 120 days 3.36 μmol mg(-1)min(-1), demonstrating that the immobilized enzyme was active for multiple cycles and could be stored on the nanoparticles for a prolonged period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Daumann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James A Larrabee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury VT 05753, USA
| | - David Ollis
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lawrence R Gahan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
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25
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Rizzo LY, Golombek SK, Mertens ME, Pan Y, Laaf D, Broda J, Jayapaul J, Möckel D, Subr V, Hennink WE, Storm G, Simon U, Jahnen-Dechent W, Kiessling F, Lammers T. In Vivo Nanotoxicity Testing using the Zebrafish Embryo Assay. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1. [PMID: 24179674 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly used for biomedical purposes. Many different diagnostic and therapeutic applications are envisioned for nanoparticles, but there are often also serious concerns regarding their safety. Given the fact that numerous new nanomaterials are being developed every day, and that not much is known about the long-term toxicological impact of exposure to nanoparticles, there is an urgent need to establish efficient methods for nanotoxicity testing. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo assay has recently emerged as an interesting 'intermediate' method for in vivo nanotoxicity screening, enabling (semi-) high-throughput analyses in a system significantly more complex than cultured cells, but at the same time also less 'invasive' and less expensive than large-scale biocompatibility studies in mice or rats. The zebrafish embryo assay is relatively well-established in the environmental sciences, but it has not yet gained wide notice in the nanomedicine field. Using prototypic polymeric drug carriers, gold-based nanodiagnostics and nanotherapeutics, and iron oxide-based nanodiagnostics, we here show that toxicity testing using zebrafish embryos is easy, efficient and informative, and faithfully reflects, yet significantly extends, cell-based toxicity testing. We therefore expect that the zebrafish embryo assay will become a popular future tool for in vivo nanotoxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Y Rizzo
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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