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Sunami H, Shimizu Y, Kishimoto H. Shape of scaffold controlling the direction of cell migration. Biophys Physicobiol 2023; 21:e210004. [PMID: 38803333 PMCID: PMC11128307 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v21.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell migration plays an important role in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Factors that induce cell migration and mechanisms controlling their expression are important for determining the mechanisms of factor-induced cell migration. Despite progress in the study of factor-induced cytotaxis, including chemotaxis and haptotaxis, precise control of the direction of cell migration over a wide area has not yet been achieved. Success in this area would update the cell migration assays, superior cell separation technologies, and artificial organs with high biocompatibility. The present study therefore sought to control the direction of cell migration over a wide area by adjusting the three-dimensional shape of the cell scaffold. The direction of cell migration was influenced by the shape of the cell scaffold, thereby optimizing cell adhesion and protrusion. Anisotropic arrangement of these three-dimensional shapes into a periodic structure induced unidirectional cell migration. Three factors were required for unidirectional cell migration: 1) the sizes of the anisotropic periodic structures had to be equal to or lower than the size of the spreading cells, 2) cell migration was restricted to a runway approximately the width of the cell, and 3) cells had to be prone to extension of long protrusions in one direction. Because the first two factors had been identified previously in studies of cell migration in one direction using two-dimensional shaped patterns, these three factors are likely important for the mechanism by which cell scaffold shapes regulate cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sunami
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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2
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Caballero D, Reis RL, Kundu SC. Trapping metastatic cancer cells with mechanical ratchet arrays. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:202-214. [PMID: 37619895 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for cancer, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery, have positive results but are generally ineffective against metastatic tumors. Treatment effectiveness can be improved by employing bioengineered cancer traps, typically utilizing chemoattractant-loaded materials, to attract infiltrating cancer cells preventing their uncontrolled spread and potentially enabling eradication. However, the encapsulated chemical compounds can have adverse effects on other cells causing unwanted responses, and the generated gradients can evolve unpredictably. Here, we report the development of a cancer trap based on mechanical ratchet structures to capture metastatic cells. The traps use an array of asymmetric local features to mechanically attract cancer cells and direct their migration for prolonged periods. The trapping efficiency was found to be greater than isotropic or inverse anisotropic ratchet structures on either disseminating cancer cells and tumor spheroids. Importantly, the traps exhibited a reduced effectiveness when targeting non-metastatic and non-tumorigenic cells, underscoring their particular suitability for capturing highly invasive cancer cells. Overall, this original approach may have therapeutic implications for fighting cancer, and may also be used to control cell motility for other biological processes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current cancer treatments have limitations in treating metastatic tumors, where cancer cells can invade distant organs. Biomaterials loaded with chemoattractants can be implanted to attract and capture metastatic cells preventing uncontrolled spread. However, encapsulated chemical compounds can have adverse effects on other cells, and gradients can evolve unpredictably. This paper presents an original concept of "cancer traps" based on using mechanical ratchet-based structures to capture metastatic cancer cells, with greater trapping efficiency and stability than previously studied methods. This innovative approach has significant potential clinical implications for fighting cancer, particularly in treating metastatic tumors. Additionally, it could be applied to control cell motility for other biological processes, opening new possibilities for biomedicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Caballero
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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3
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Yin D, Zhang H, Yang C, Zhang W, Yang S. A More Biomimetic Cell Migration Assay with High Reliability and Its Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060695. [PMID: 35745614 PMCID: PMC9229299 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration refers to the directional movement of cells to the surrounding cell-free zone in response to chemical and mechanical stimuli. A cell migration assay is an essential device for studying pharmaceutical and medical problems. In this paper, we present a novel approach to a cell migration assay on a chip with two merits, namely (i) simultaneous creation of many cell samples on the same condition and (ii) cells migrating while being stressed in a fluidic environment. The first merit has addressed the problem of poor reproducibility in experimental studies for medical problems such as wound healing, and the second merit has made the cell migration device, which is an in vitro environment, more biomimetic. The two merits are attributed to a novel mechanical method to simultaneously create many cell-free zones and to the design of a microfluidic process to create shear stress in cells uniformly. Two applications were studied on our device to explore its effectiveness. The first application is regarding the combination chemotherapy of cisplatin and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) on cervical cancer cells (HeLa). The second application is regarding inhibiting the migration of endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the process of anti-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shihmo Yang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Biomedical Science and Technology Research Centre, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (S.Y.)
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4
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Charbonnier B, Hadida M, Marchat D. Additive manufacturing pertaining to bone: Hopes, reality and future challenges for clinical applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:1-28. [PMID: 33271354 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the past 20 years, the democratization of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has made many of us dream of: low cost, waste-free, and on-demand production of functional parts; fully customized tools; designs limited by imagination only, etc. As every patient is unique, the potential of AM for the medical field is thought to be considerable: AM would allow the division of dedicated patient-specific healthcare solutions entirely adapted to the patients' clinical needs. Pertinently, this review offers an extensive overview of bone-related clinical applications of AM and ongoing research trends, from 3D anatomical models for patient and student education to ephemeral structures supporting and promoting bone regeneration. Today, AM has undoubtably improved patient care and should facilitate many more improvements in the near future. However, despite extensive research, AM-based strategies for bone regeneration remain the only bone-related field without compelling clinical proof of concept to date. This may be due to a lack of understanding of the biological mechanisms guiding and promoting bone formation and due to the traditional top-down strategies devised to solve clinical issues. Indeed, the integrated holistic approach recommended for the design of regenerative systems (i.e., fixation systems and scaffolds) has remained at the conceptual state. Challenged by these issues, a slower but incremental research dynamic has occurred for the last few years, and recent progress suggests notable improvement in the years to come, with in view the development of safe, robust and standardized patient-specific clinical solutions for the regeneration of large bone defects.
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Sunami H, Shimizu Y, Denda J, Yokota I, Kishimoto H, Igarashi Y. A 3D Microfabricated Scaffold System for Unidirectional Cell Migration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000113. [PMID: 32924291 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates unidirectional cell migration using a novel 3D microfabricated scaffold, as revealed by the uneven sorting of cells into an area of 1 mm × 1 mm. To induce unidirectional cell migration, it is important to determine the optimal arrangement of 3D edges, and thus, the anisotropic periodic structures of micropatterns are adjusted appropriately. The cells put forth protrusions directionally along the sharp edges of these micropatterns, and migrated in the protruding direction. There are three advantages to this novel system. First, the range of applications is wide, because this system effectively induces unidirectional migration as long as 3D shapes of the scaffolds are maintained. Second, this system can contribute to the field of cell biology as a novel taxis assay. Third, this system is highly applicable to the development of medical devices. In the present report, unique 3D microfabricated scaffolds that provoked unidirectional migration of NIH3T3 cells are described. The 3D scaffolds could provoke cells to accumulate in a single target location, or could provoke a dissipated cell distribution. Because the shapes are very simple, they could be applied to the surfaces of various medical devices. Their utilization as a cell separation technology is also anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sunami
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Junko Denda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yokota
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kishimoto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Igarashi
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
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Mazalan MB, Ramlan MAB, Shin JH, Ohashi T. Effect of Geometric Curvature on Collective Cell Migration in Tortuous Microchannel Devices. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E659. [PMID: 32630662 PMCID: PMC7408538 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is an essential phenomenon in many naturally occurring pathophysiological processes, as well as in tissue engineering applications. Cells in tissues and organs are known to sense chemical and mechanical signals from the microenvironment and collectively respond to these signals. For the last few decades, the effects of chemical signals such as growth factors and therapeutic agents on collective cell behaviors in the context of tissue engineering have been extensively studied, whereas those of the mechanical cues have only recently been investigated. The mechanical signals can be presented to the constituent cells in different forms, including topography, substrate stiffness, and geometrical constraint. With the recent advancement in microfabrication technology, researchers have gained the ability to manipulate the geometrical constraints by creating 3D structures to mimic the tissue microenvironment. In this study, we simulate the pore curvature as presented to the cells within 3D-engineered tissue-scaffolds by developing a device that features tortuous microchannels with geometric variations. We show that both cells at the front and rear respond to the varying radii of curvature and channel amplitude by altering the collective migratory behavior, including cell velocity, morphology, and turning angle. These findings provide insights into adaptive migration modes of collective cells to better understand the underlying mechanism of cell migration for optimization of the engineered tissue-scaffold design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazlee Bin Mazalan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;
- AMBIENCE, School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | | | - Jennifer Hyunjong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Toshiro Ohashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;
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7
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Fink A, Brückner DB, Schreiber C, Röttgermann PJF, Broedersz CP, Rädler JO. Area and Geometry Dependence of Cell Migration in Asymmetric Two-State Micropatterns. Biophys J 2020; 118:552-564. [PMID: 31864660 PMCID: PMC7002917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstructured surfaces provide a unique framework to probe cell migration and cytoskeletal dynamics in a standardized manner. Here, we report on the steady-state occupancy probability of cells in asymmetric two-state microstructures that consist of two fibronectin-coated adhesion sites connected by a thin guidance cue. In these dumbbell-like structures, cells transition between the two sites in a repeated and stochastic manner, and average dwell times in the respective microenvironments are determined from the cell trajectories. We study the dynamics of human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231) in these microstructures as a function of area, shape, and orientation of the adhesion sites. On square adhesive sites with different areas, we find that the occupancy probability ratio is directly proportional to the ratio of corresponding adhesion site areas. These asymmetries are well captured by a simple model for the stochastic nonlinear dynamics of the cells, which reveals generic features of the motion. Sites of equal area but different shape lead to equal occupancy if shapes are isotropic (e.g., squared or circular). In contrast, an asymmetry in the occupancy is induced by anisotropic shapes like rhombi, triangles, or rectangles that enable motion in the direction perpendicular to the transition axis. Analysis of the two-dimensional motion of cells between two rectangles with orthogonal orientation suggests that cellular transition rates depend on the cell polarization induced by anisotropic micropatterns. Taken together, our results illustrate how two-state micropatterns provide a dynamic migration assay with distinct dwell times and relative cell occupancy as readouts, which may be useful to probe cell-microenvironment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fink
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - David B Brückner
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Christoph Schreiber
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Peter J F Röttgermann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Chase P Broedersz
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
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8
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Alvarez-Elizondo MB, Li CW, Marom A, Tung YT, Drillich G, Horesh Y, Lin SC, Wang GJ, Weihs D. Micropatterned topographies reveal measurable differences between cancer and benign cells. Med Eng Phys 2020; 75:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Effect of oblique polymer pillars on spreading and elongation of rat mesenchymal stem cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110485. [PMID: 31499453 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stiffness and anisotropy of culture substrates are important factors influencing the cell behavior and their responses to external stimuli. Herein, we report a fabrication method of oblique polymer pillars which allow modulating both stiffness and anisotropy of the substrate for spreading and elongation studies of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells (RMSCs). Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) has been chosen to produce micro-pillars of different heights and different pitches using a combined method of soft-lithography and hot embossing. The stiffness of such pillar substrates varies over a large range so that RMSCs show effectively different spreading behaviors which are also sensitive to the inclining angle of the pillars. Our results showed that with the increase of the pillar height the area of cell spreading decreases but the cell elongation aspect ratio increases. Moreover, cells preferentially elongate along the direction perpendicular to that of the pillars' inclining, which is in agreement with the calculated anisotropy of the pillar substrate stiffness.
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10
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Jana A, Nookaew I, Singh J, Behkam B, Franco AT, Nain AS. Crosshatch nanofiber networks of tunable interfiber spacing induce plasticity in cell migration and cytoskeletal response. FASEB J 2019; 33:10618-10632. [PMID: 31225977 PMCID: PMC6766658 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical cues within tissue microenvironments are critical for maintaining homeostasis, and their disruption can contribute to malignant transformation and metastasis. Once transformed, metastatic cancer cells can migrate persistently by adapting (plasticity) to changes in the local fibrous extracellular matrix, and current strategies to recapitulate persistent migration rely exclusively on the use of aligned geometries. Here, the controlled interfiber spacing in suspended crosshatch networks of nanofibers induces cells to exhibit plasticity in migratory behavior (persistent and random) and the associated cytoskeletal arrangement. At dense spacing (3 and 6 µm), unexpectedly, elongated cells migrate persistently (in 1 dimension) at high speeds in 3-dimensional shapes with thick nuclei, and short focal adhesion cluster (FAC) lengths. With increased spacing (18 and 36 µm), cells attain 2-dimensional morphologies, have flattened nuclei and longer FACs, and migrate randomly by rapidly detaching their trailing edges that strain the nuclei by ∼35%. At 54-µm spacing, kite-shaped cells become near stationary. Poorly developed filamentous actin stress fibers are found only in cells on 3-µm networks. Gene-expression profiling shows a decrease in transcriptional potential and a differential up-regulation of metabolic pathways. The consistency in observed phenotypes across cell lines supports using this platform to dissect hallmarks of plasticity in migration in vitro.-Jana, A., Nookaew, I., Singh, J., Behkam, B., Franco, A. T., Nain, A. S. Crosshatch nanofiber networks of tunable interfiber spacing induce plasticity in cell migration and cytoskeletal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Jana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jugroop Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Aime T. Franco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Amrinder S. Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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11
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Influence of multiscale and curved structures on the migration of stem cells. Biointerphases 2018; 13:06D408. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5042747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Deuerling S, Kugler S, Klotz M, Zollfrank C, Van Opdenbosch D. A Perspective on Bio-Mediated Material Structuring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703656. [PMID: 29178190 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspiration, biomorphy, biomimicry, biomimetics, bionics, and biotemplating are terms used to describe the fabrication of materials or, more generally, systems to solve technological problems by abstracting, emulating, using, or transferring structures from biological paradigms. Herein, a brief overview of how the different terminologies are being typically applied is provided. It is proposed that there is a rich field of research that can be expanded by utilizing various novel approaches for the guidance of living organisms for "bio-mediated" material structuring purposes. As examples of contact-based or contact-free guidance, such as substrate patterning, the application of light, magnetic fields, or chemical gradients, potentially interesting methods of creating hierarchically structured monolithic engineering materials, using live patterned biomass, biofilms, or extracellular substances as scaffolds, are presented. The potential advantages of such materials are discussed, and examples of live self-patterning of materials are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Deuerling
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, D-94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Sabine Kugler
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, D-94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Moritz Klotz
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, D-94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Cordt Zollfrank
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, D-94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Daniel Van Opdenbosch
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, D-94315, Straubing, Germany
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Makita R, Akasaka T, Tamagawa S, Yoshida Y, Miyata S, Miyaji H, Sugaya T. Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:1735-1754. [PMID: 29977707 PMCID: PMC6009376 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Collagen is a basic component of the periodontium and plays an important role in the function of the periodontal unit. Therefore, coating with collagen/gelatin has been applied to enable dental implants to positively interact with peri-implant tissues. Although the micro/nanoscale topography is an important property of the surface of dental implants, smaller collagen/gelatin surface patterns have not been sufficiently developed. Furthermore, only few reports on the behavior of cells on gelatin surfaces with different patterns and sizes exist. In this study, we developed micro/nanometer-scaled gelatin surfaces using genipin crosslinking, with the aim of understanding the use of patterning in surface modification of dental implants. Results: Grooves, holes, and pillars, with widths or diameters of 2 µm, 1 µm, or 500 nm were fabricated using a combination of molding and genipin crosslinking of gelatin. The stability of the different gelatin patterns could be controlled by the degree of genipin crosslinking. The gelatin patterns at 20 mM concentration of genipin and 41% crosslinking maintained a stable, patterned shape for at least 14 days in a cell culture medium. A cell morphology study showed that the cells on groves were aligned along the direction of the grooves. In contrast, the cells on pillars and holes exhibited randomly elongated filopodia. The vinculin spots of the cells were observed on the top of ridges and pillars or the upper surface of holes. The results of a cell attachment assay showed that the number of surface-attached cells increased with increasing patterning of the gelatin surface. Unlike the cell attachment assay, the results of a cell proliferation assay showed that Saos-2 cells prefer grooves with diameters of approximately 2 µm and 1 µm and pillars with diameters of 1 µm and heights of 500 nm. The number of cells on pillars with heights of 2 µm was larger than those of the other gelatin surface patterns tested. Conclusion: These data support that a detailed design of the gelatin surface pattern can control both cell attachment and proliferation of Saos-2 cells. Thus, gelatin surfaces patterned using genipin crosslinking are now an available option for biocompatible material patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Makita
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Seiichi Tamagawa
- School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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14
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Irving M, Murphy MF, Lilley F, French PW, Burton DR, Dixon S, Sharp MC. The use of abrasive polishing and laser processing for developing polyurethane surfaces for controlling fibroblast cell behaviour. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:690-697. [PMID: 27987762 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Irving
- General Engineering Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Mark F Murphy
- General Engineering Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Francis Lilley
- General Engineering Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Paul W French
- General Engineering Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - David R Burton
- General Engineering Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Simon Dixon
- Biomer Technology LTD, 10 Seymour Court, Tudor Road, Manor Park, Runcorn, Cheshire, WA7 1SY, UK
| | - Martin C Sharp
- General Engineering Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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15
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Wang C, Xu N, Yang YJ, Wu QM, Pang DW, Zhang ZL. Enhanced directional cell migration induced by vaccinia virus on a microfluidic-based multi-shear cell migration assay platform. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:903-911. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An integrated mcirofluidic-based cell migration platform was developed to explore the vaccinia virus-induced cell migration in different shear stress environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Na Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
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16
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Caballero D, Comelles J, Piel M, Voituriez R, Riveline D. Ratchetaxis: Long-Range Directed Cell Migration by Local Cues. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 25:815-827. [PMID: 26615123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is usually thought to depend on the presence of long-range gradients of either chemoattractants or physical properties such as stiffness or adhesion. However, in vivo, chemical or mechanical gradients have not systematically been observed. Here we review recent in vitro experiments, which show that other types of spatial guidance cues can bias cell motility. Introducing local geometrical or mechanical anisotropy in the cell environment, such as adhesive/topographical microratchets or tilted micropillars, show that local and periodic external cues can direct cell motion. Together with modeling, these experiments suggest that cell motility can be viewed as a stochastic phenomenon, which can be biased by various types of local cues, leading to directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Caballero
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jordi Comelles
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Bio6, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Laboratoire Jean Perrin, CNRS UMR 8237, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Riveline
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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17
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Inducing the migration behavior of endothelial cells by tuning the ligand density on a density-gradient poly(ethylene glycol) surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:557-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Recent advances in dynamic biointerfaces enable spatiotemporal control over cell position and migration after attachment using substrates that employ chemical, optical, thermal, or electrical triggers. This review focuses on flexible and accessible methods for the fabrication of cellular arrays or co cultures for fundamental studies of cell biology or regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos C Co
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Chia-Chi Ho
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
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19
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Caballero D, Voituriez R, Riveline D. Protrusion fluctuations direct cell motion. Biophys J 2015; 107:34-42. [PMID: 24988339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological phenomena involve directional cell migration. It is usually attributed to chemical gradients in vivo. Recently, other cues have been shown to guide cells in vitro, including stiffness/adhesion gradients or micropatterned adhesive motifs. However, the cellular mechanism leading to these biased migrations remains unknown, and, often, even the direction of motion is unpredictable. In this study, we show the key role of fluctuating protrusions on ratchet-like structures in driving NIH3T3 cell migration. We identified the concept of efficient protrusion and an associated direction index. Our analysis of the protrusion statistics facilitated the quantitative prediction of cell trajectories in all investigated conditions. We varied the external cues by changing the adhesive patterns. We also modified the internal cues using drug treatments, which modified the protrusion activity. Stochasticity affects the short- and long-term steps. We developed a theoretical model showing that an asymmetry in the protrusion fluctuations is sufficient for predicting all measures associated with the long-term motion, which can be described as a biased persistent random walk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Caballero
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires/Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7006, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U964),Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7600; Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 823, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Riveline
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires/Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7006, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U964),Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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20
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Comelles J, Caballero D, Voituriez R, Hortigüela V, Wollrab V, Godeau AL, Samitier J, Martínez E, Riveline D. Cells as active particles in asymmetric potentials: motility under external gradients. Biophys J 2015; 107:1513-22. [PMID: 25296303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a crucial event during development and in disease. Mechanical constraints and chemical gradients can contribute to the establishment of cell direction, but their respective roles remain poorly understood. Using a microfabricated topographical ratchet, we show that the nucleus dictates the direction of cell movement through mechanical guidance by its environment. We demonstrate that this direction can be tuned by combining the topographical ratchet with a biochemical gradient of fibronectin adhesion. We report competition and cooperation between the two external cues. We also quantitatively compare the measurements associated with the trajectory of a model that treats cells as fluctuating particles trapped in a periodic asymmetric potential. We show that the cell nucleus contributes to the strength of the trap, whereas cell protrusions guided by the adhesive gradients add a constant tunable bias to the direction of cell motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Comelles
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7006 and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM (U964) and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Caballero
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7006 and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM (U964) and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Laboratoire Jean Perrin, CNRS FRE 3231, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Verónica Hortigüela
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Viktoria Wollrab
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7006 and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM (U964) and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Amélie Luise Godeau
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7006 and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM (U964) and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Riveline
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7006 and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM (U964) and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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21
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Gao H, Dong H, Cao X, Fu X, Zhu Y, Mao C, Wang Y. Effective Spatial Separation of PC12 and NIH3T3 Cells by the Microgrooved Surface of Biocompatible Polymer Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6797-806. [PMID: 26072918 PMCID: PMC4924521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Most organs and tissues are composed of more than one type of cell that is spatially separated and located in different regions. This study used a microgrooved poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) substrate to guide two types of cocultured cells to two spatially separated regions. Specifically, PC12 pheochromocytoma cells are guided to the inside of microgrooves, whereas NIH3T3 fibroblasts are guided to the ridge area in between neighboring parallel microgrooves. In addition, the microgrooved structures can significantly promote the proliferation and neural differentiation of PC12 cells as well as the osteogenic differentiation of NIH3T3 cells. Therefore, the microgrooved PLGA surface with separated PC12 and NIH3T3 cells can serve as a potential model system for studying nerve reconstruction in bone-repairing scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichang Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- Corresponding Authors. .
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding Authors. .
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22
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Tang QY, Qian WX, Xu YH, Gopalakrishnan S, Wang JQ, Lam YW, Pang SW. Control of cell migration direction by inducing cell shape asymmetry with patterned topography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2383-93. [PMID: 25430523 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the concept of introducing asymmetry to cell shapes by patterned cell culture substrates, and investigated the consequence of this induced asymmetry to cell migration behaviors. Three patterns, named "Squares", "Grating", and "Arcs" were fabricated, representing different levels of rotational asymmetry. Using time-lapse imaging, we systematically compared the motility and directionality of mouse osteoblastic cells MC3T3-E1 cultured on these patterns. Cells were found to move progressively faster on "Arcs" than on "Grating", and cells on "Squares" were the slowest, suggesting that cell motility correlates with the level of rotational asymmetry of the repeating units of the pattern. Among these three patterns, on the "Arcs" pattern, the least symmetrical one, cells not only moved with the highest velocity but also the strongest directional persistence. Although this enhanced motility was not associated with the detected number of focal adhesion sites in the cells, the pattern asymmetry was reflected in the asymmetrical cell spreading. Cells on the "Arcs" pattern consistently displayed larger cytoplasmic protrusion on one side of the cell. This asymmetry in cell shape determined the direction and speed of cell migration. These observations suggest that topographical patterns that enhance the imbalance between the leading and trailing fronts of adherent cells will increase cell speed and control movement directions. Our discovery shows that complex cell behaviors such as the direction of cell movement are influenced by simple geometrical principles, which can be utilized as the design foundation for platforms that guide and sort cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Tang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Center for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - W X Qian
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Center for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Y H Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Center for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J Q Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Center for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,College of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Y W Lam
- Center for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S W Pang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Center for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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23
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Miyoshi H, Adachi T. Topography design concept of a tissue engineering scaffold for controlling cell function and fate through actin cytoskeletal modulation. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:609-27. [PMID: 24720435 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of the actin cytoskeleton is well known: it provides mechanical support and endogenous force generation for formation of a cell shape and for migration. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have demonstrated another significant role of the actin cytoskeleton: it offers dynamic epigenetic memory for guiding cell fate, in particular, proliferation and differentiation. Because instantaneous imbalance in the mechanical homeostasis is adjusted through actin remodeling, a synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) niche as a source of topographical and mechanical cues is expected to be effective at modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. In this context, the synthetic ECM niche determines cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, all of which have to be controlled in functional tissue engineering scaffolds to ensure proper regulation of tissue/organ formation, maintenance of tissue integrity and repair, and regeneration. Here, with an emphasis on the epigenetic role of the actin cytoskeletal system, we propose a design concept of micro/nanotopography of a tissue engineering scaffold for control of cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation in a stable and well-defined manner, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Miyoshi
- 1 Ultrahigh Precision Optics Technology Team , RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
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24
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Tang QY, Tong WY, Shi J, Shi P, Lam YW, Pang SW. Influence of engineered surface on cell directionality and motility. Biofabrication 2014; 6:015011. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/1/015011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Kidoaki S, Sakashita H. Rectified cell migration on saw-like micro-elastically patterned hydrogels with asymmetric gradient ratchet teeth. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78067. [PMID: 24147112 PMCID: PMC3798417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To control cell motility is one of the essential technologies for biomedical engineering. To establish a methodology of the surface design of elastic substrate to control the long-range cell movements, here we report a sophisticated cell culture hydrogel with a micro-elastically patterned surface that allows long-range durotaxis. This hydrogel has a saw-like pattern with asymmetric gradient ratchet teeth, and rectifies random cell movements. Durotaxis only occurs at boundaries in which the gradient strength of elasticity is above a threshold level. Consequently, in gels with unit teeth patterns, durotaxis should only occur at the sides of the teeth in which the gradient strength of elasticity is above this threshold level. Therefore, such gels are expected to support the long-range biased movement of cells via a mechanism similar to the Feynman-Smoluchowski ratchet, i.e., rectified cell migration. The present study verifies this working hypothesis by using photolithographic microelasticity patterning of photocurable gelatin gels. Gels in which each teeth unit was 100–120 µm wide with a ratio of ascending:descending elasticity gradient of 1:2 and a peak elasticity of ca. 100 kPa supported the efficient rectified migration of 3T3 fibroblast cells. In addition, long-range cell migration was most efficient when soft lanes were introduced perpendicular to the saw-like patterns. This study demonstrates that asymmetric elasticity gradient patterning of cell culture gels is a versatile means of manipulating cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kidoaki
- Research Field of Biomedical and Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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26
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Ko YG, Co CC, Ho CC. Gradient-free directional cell migration in continuous microchannels. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:2467-2474. [PMID: 24533031 PMCID: PMC3921693 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm27567h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Directing cell movements within 3D channels is a key challenge in biomedical devices and tissue engineering. In two dimensions, closely spaced arrays of asymmetric teardrop islands can intermittently polarize cells and sustain their autonomous directional migration with no gradients. However, in 3D microchannels composed of linearly connected teardrop segments, negligibly low directional bias is observed. Rather than adopt teardrop shapes, cells evade morphological polarization by spreading across multiple teardrop segments, only partly filling each. We demonstrate here that cells can be forced to adopt the shape of individual segments by connecting the segments at an angle to minimize cell spreading across multiple segments. The resulting rhythmic polarization leads to significant directional bias for NIH3T3 fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and even cells whose intracellular signalling have been purposely altered to affect lamellipodia extension (Rac1) and cell polarity (Cdc42). This gradient-free approach to directing cell migration in 3D microchannels may find significant applications in tissue scaffolds and cell on a chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gwang Ko
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH45221, USA. Fax: 1 513 556 3473; Tel: 1 513 556 2438
| | - Carlos C. Co
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH45221, USA. Fax: 1 513 556 3473; Tel: 1 513 556 2438
| | - Chia-Chi Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH45221, USA. Fax: 1 513 556 3473; Tel: 1 513 556 2438
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